聚合牛血红蛋白抗原性的初步研究

对乙醇醛聚合的牛血红蛋白的抗原性进行了研究。将聚合的牛血红蛋白桉兔血量的10％和20％分别输入兔耳缘静脉,间隔7天后重复输液,共输注3次。ELISA检测未显示抗体产生。将聚合的牛血红蛋白、人血红蛋白和兔血红蛋白分别与免疫佐剂混合常规免疫家兔3次,并用上述抗原包被聚乙烯板,用ELISA方法检测抗体滴度,结果显示聚合牛血红蛋白和人血红蛋白加佐剂免疫家兔后均产生抗体,且有交叉反应,表明这两种血红蛋白有同源性,存在相似的抗厚决定簇。兔血红蛋白免疫家兔后无抗体产生,且无交叉反应,表明机体对自体蛋白有天然的耐受。     

牛轮状病毒单克隆抗体的制备及其应用

以纯化浓缩的HN-7株牛轮状病毒(牛RV,从河南腹泻犊黄牛粪样中分离)作为免疫原,免疫Balb/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与同系小鼠骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0融合,经克隆化筛选出2株(2C_7和3C_9)具群特异性的单克隆杂交瘤细胞株。2C_7与3C_9的小鼠腹水单克隆抗体(McAb)与牛HN-7、BRV007、BRV014及NCDV,猪Na86,猴SA-11和人Wa株RV细胞培养物的间接ELISA反应效价均达1∶10~5,但它们的HI和NT滴度分别≤1∶8和≤1∶100。McAb的Ig类别和IgC亚类检测结果2C_7为IgG1,3C_9为IgG2b。分别用3C_9 McAb和多克隆抗血清(PcAb)包被微量反应板进行粪样中RV抗原检测,共检测犊黄牛腹泻粪样36份、婴幼儿腹泻粪样40份,McAb和PcAb两系统检测结果的符合率分别达到97.2％(35/36)和100％(40/40)。     

不同黏膜佐剂对猪丁型冠状病毒诱导小鼠免疫应答的影响

【目的】旨在为猪丁型冠状病毒(porcine deltacoronavirus,PDCoV)灭活疫苗黏膜免疫筛选理想佐剂,降低疫苗副作用。利用小鼠模型评价不同佐剂制备的PDCoV灭活疫苗对体液免疫、细胞免疫和黏膜免疫应答的影响。【方法】将甘露聚糖肽(PA)、CpGODN2395、单磷酰脂质A(MPLA)佐剂分别与IMS 1313、GEL02佐剂联合制备PDCoV灭活疫苗,经鼻腔免疫BALB/c小鼠;将ISA201佐剂制备的PDCoV灭活疫苗经皮下免疫BALB/c小鼠,将PDCoV灭活抗原经鼻腔免疫BALB/c小鼠作为对照,间隔14 d加强免疫一次。用ELISA方法检测小鼠血清、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中的IgG、IgG1、IgG2a、IL-4、IFN-γ及粪便和BALF中sIgA表达水平;用MTT方法检测疫苗免疫后对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响;观察并记录小鼠免疫后的临床表现,HE染色方法观察免疫小鼠主要器官组织的病理学变化,评价疫苗的安全性。【结果】ISA201组小鼠BALF和血清中的抗体(IgG、IgG1)及IL-4表达水平相对较高,但IgG2a、IFN-γ和粪便中sIgA表达水平...     

抗牛血清IgG单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立及鉴定

用牛血清IgG免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0进行融合,用含山羊血清的培养基培养细胞,上清用间接ELISA法筛选。获得4株能稳定分泌抗牛血清IgG的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为1G5、2A8、3F5、4C5。其中2A8为IgG2a,其余3株为IgG1;腹水单抗的ELISA滴度均超过10-5;除3F5株单抗与山羊血清有交叉反应外,1G5、2A8、4C5株与人、马、猪、羊、兔、豚鼠等血清均不发生交叉反应;4株单抗与制备病毒性疫苗的基质液呈阴性反应;4株单抗识别分子量为160kD的牛血清IgG的两个不同抗原表位;4株单抗相对亲和力大小依次为4C5>2A8>1G5>3F5,相对敏感度依次为2A8>4C5>3F5>1G5;4株杂交瘤细胞株的染色体计数均大于90条,连续培养三个月以及冷冻保存半年后复苏,细胞生长良好。使用这些单抗建立的双抗体夹心法检测生物制品中的残留牛血清IgG。     

茯苓多糖对流感灭活疫苗的免疫增强作用

探讨茯芩多糖作为流感病毒灭活疫苗佐剂的免疫增强作用.将不同剂量(200 μg或1000 μg)的茯苓多糖分别与低剂量(0.015 μg)或高剂量(1.5 μg)流感病毒(A/PR/8)灭活疫苗共同免疫小鼠,以相应剂量灭活疫苗的单独免疫组、灭活疫苗与氢氧化铝(100 μg)共同免疫组、PBS免疫组作为对照组.一次免疫后3周收集血清,ELISA检测血清中IgG、IgG1和IgG2a的抗体水平;并用致死量(40×LD<,50>)流感病毒(A/PR/8)攻击小鼠,通过观察小鼠的体重丢失率、肺部病毒量、存活率来反映佐剂的免疫增强效果和疫苗的保护作用.结果显示,茯苓多糖能显著增加血清抗体水平,并提高小鼠抗致死量流感病毒攻击的能力,其免疫增强效果与氢氧化铝相当.茯苓多糖可作为一种新型的流感病毒灭活疫苗的免疫佐剂.     

猪血红蛋白(Hb)脉冲酶解效果比较研究

目的寻找一种高效快捷有效地降解猪血红蛋白(Hb)新方法。方法在波型为双向方波,电极间距离为1.2 cm,脉冲频率为200 kHz的脉冲电场下,利用胰蛋白酶在温度为37℃,水解时间为4 h条件下水解猪血红蛋白。结果在脉冲电场作用下,胰蛋白酶水解血红蛋白获得的降解产物,利用高效凝胶色谱、紫外可见扫描及SDS-PAGE蛋白质电泳检测,发现其吸收峰或色带明显多于单一利用胰蛋白酶降解血红蛋白所得降解产物的吸收峰或色带。结论当脉冲电场通过血红蛋白时,血红蛋白内部的分子结构便产生斯塔克效应(Stark effect),引起血红蛋白分子剧烈振动,从而改变其分子结构振辐、吸收峰和偶极矩,并分别引起斯塔克频率、偶极矩、极化率的改变、使血红蛋白分子结构的极化跃迁和超极化,因此,在脉冲电场作用下,促进了血红蛋白酶解反应。     

066 IL-8/RANTES作为DNA疫苗佐剂可增强对单纯疱疹病毒2型的特异性细胞免疫

为探讨趋化蛋白能否在小鼠体内调节对单纯疱疹病毒2型(HSV-2)的免疫反应以及在HSV-2侵犯机体时可否发挥保护反应,作者选择了5种趋化蛋白:IL-8、IP-10、RANTES、MIP-1α和MCP-1,以含编码相应趋化蛋白cDNA的pCDNA3和含编码HSV-2包膜糖蛋白gD的质粒(pCDNA3-gD)分别肌内免疫BALB/c小鼠,用ELISA检测鼠体内IgG的含量.结果仅pgD+IL-8或pgD+MIP-1α共免疫小鼠后引起gD特异性IgG的量稍增多.现已知IgG1和IgE是Th2细胞相关性抗体,而IgG2a是Th1细胞相关性抗体.     

脂质体包埋猪血红蛋白的制备及其注入小鼠体内的初步试验

 为探索一条研制猪血红蛋白 (pHb)为基础的血液代用品新途径 ,开发了干膜超声法将猪血红蛋白和别构效应剂、超氧化物歧化酶等联合包埋于脂质体的技术 .考察了氢化大豆卵磷脂、二肉豆蔻酰磷脂酰胆碱、胆固醇、二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺 甲氧基聚乙二醇和维生素E等在制备脂质体包埋血红蛋白 (LEH)中的作用 .通过控制磷脂与其他成分的配比 ,制得包埋率为 10 3%,pHb浓度达 16 %的稳定的LEH ;进一步将pHb微囊通过小鼠尾静脉多次注入其体内 ,检测受试小鼠血液中红细胞和白细胞数、抗体滴度、血小板聚集率及肾脏组织学等方面的变化 .小鼠体内试验表明了所制备的LEH具有低免疫原性、对肾脏无明显损害等特点 .脂质体包埋pHb是一种极具开发前景的稳定的人工载氧系统     

W135群脑膜炎球菌结合物小鼠免疫血清IgG抗体亚类和亲合力的检测

目的通过检测W135群脑膜炎球菌结合物(简称W135群结合物)小鼠免疫血清中IgG抗体亚类及IgG抗体亲合力,判断W135群结合物的免疫应答特征。方法 (1)免疫血清的制备:将NIH雌性小鼠随机分为3组(A组、B组、对照组),每组30只。A组采用含2.5μg多糖的PSW135CNBr-TT分别于0、2、4、8周腹股沟皮下注射小鼠;B组采用含2.5μg多糖的PSW135CNBr-TT分别于0、4、8周腹股沟皮下注射小鼠;对照组采用含2.5μg多糖的PSW135分别于0、2、4周腹股沟皮下注射小鼠。分别于每次免疫7 d后,经小鼠眼眶静脉采血,分离血清备用;(2)IgG抗体亚类和亲合力的检测:采用间接ELISA分析各组免疫血清中IgG抗体及IgG抗体亚类含量;采用单一浓度的硫氰酸钾溶液作为洗脱液,用间接ELISA测定免疫血清中IgG相对亲合力。结果 A组和B组获得的小鼠免疫血清,IgG抗体均以IgG1为主(占总IgG抗体的80%以上),IgG抗体及其亚类抗体含量均呈典型的剂次加强效应;对照组各针次免疫血清中的IgG3抗体含量所占比例最高,未见免疫剂次加强效应。A组IgG抗体的相对亲合力分别是46.6%、25.4%、17.6%和47.6%,B组IgG抗体的相对亲合力分别是46.6%、23.6%和48.3%,对照组IgG抗体的相对亲合力分别是92.4%、81.9%和81.0%。结论 W135群结合物小鼠免疫血清呈现典型的胸腺依赖性(thymus dependent,TD)抗原的免疫应答特征。     

表面表达猪流行性腹泻病毒核蛋白蛋白的重组干酪乳杆菌诱导产生的免疫应答

为探讨表达猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)核蛋白(N)基因的重组干酪乳杆菌口服免疫小鼠后诱导特异性免疫应答,本研究制备表达流行性腹泻病毒核蛋白的重组干酪乳杆菌,应用Western blotting、间接免疫荧光和全细胞ELISA鉴定目的蛋白的表达。然后用该重组干酪乳杆菌口服免疫BALB/c小鼠,分别测定了免疫后不同时间血清中特异性IgG、粪便中特异性的sIgA水平以及血清的中和活性;并测定免疫小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖情况和细胞因子水平。结果显示,目的蛋白表达在细胞表面,可被阳性血清所识别。免疫小鼠后,可分别在血清中和粪便中检测到较高水平特异性IgG、sIgA(P<0.01),但血清并没有中和活性;淋巴细胞增殖试验和细胞因子测定结果显示,免疫组可产生明显的细胞免疫应答。结果表明,该重组干酪乳杆菌表达系统可诱导小鼠产生黏膜免疫应答和系统免疫应答,具有作为口服疫苗潜在的应用价值。     

Inter- and Intrasyngenic Variations of the Hemoglobin Components in Paramecium caudatum

ABSTRACT The ciliated protozoan Paramecium contains hemoglobin in heterogeneous monomeric forms. In particular, Paramecium caudatum is characterized by the presence of a major component called Hb10 and a basic component named bHb. We found that in P. caudatum both of these hemoglobin components show some variation according to stock. The types and distributions of these hemoglobin components were examined on 16 stocks in five different syngens and one stock in an unidentified syngen using high performance liquid chromatography. The results indicate that in a variety of stocks the major component, Hb10, was divided into three types, A, B or A + B, and that the basic hemoglobin component was composed of a combination of two or three variants out of four possible, i.e. bHb 1, bHb 2, bHb 3 and bHb 4. Neither the Hb10 types nor the bHb variants, however, could be used to distinguish syngen in P. caudatum , since all of the Hb10 types and bHb variants were widely distributed over syngens and identical profiles appeared to some stocks in different syngens.     

PEG和DBBF修饰猪血红蛋白及其携氧性质

采用聚乙二醇 (PEG)修饰蛋白质可以增大蛋白质的分子量 ,改善其生物相容性和在生物体内的停留时间。而小分子交联修饰则可以稳定血红蛋白的高级结构 ,改善其对组织的递氧能力。比较了 4种方法活化的PEG衍生物对猪血红蛋白的修饰效率、修饰产物的携氧功能和稳定性等。PEG的分子量、轭合PEG的数量及变构效应物的存在与否都会影响修饰产物的性质 ;考察了双 3,5二溴水杨酸延胡索酸酯 (DBBF)修饰猪血红蛋白的反应条件以及修饰产物的物理特性和携氧能力 ,并进一步采用PEG和DBBF联合修饰猪血红蛋白。结果证明 ,联合修饰产物具有稳定的四聚体结构 ,分子量达 10 70 0 0 ,半饱和氧分压P50 在 3.33kPa左右 ,接近于生理条件下人体红细胞的P50 值。     

Tangential flow filtration of hemoglobin

Bovine and human hemoglobin (bHb and hHb, respectively) was purified from bovine and human red blood cells via tangential flow filtration (TFF) in four successive stages. TFF is a fast and simple method to purify Hb from RBCs using filtration through hollow fiber (HF) membranes. Most of the Hb was retained in stage III (100 kDa HF membrane) and displayed methemoglobin levels less than 1%, yielding final concentrations of 318 and 300 mg/mL for bHb and hHb, respectively. Purified Hb exhibited much lower endotoxin levels than their respective RBCs. The purity of Hb was initially assessed via SDS‐PAGE, and showed tiny impurity bands for the stage III retentate. The oxygen affinity (P₅₀) and cooperativity coefficient (n) were regressed from the measured oxygen‐RBC/Hb equilibrium curves of RBCs and purified Hb. These results suggest that TFF yielded oxygen affinities of bHb and hHb that are comparable to values in the literature. LC‐MS was used to measure the molecular weight of the alpha (α) and beta (β) globin chains of purified Hb. No impurity peaks were present in the HPLC chromatograms of purified Hb. The mass of the molecular ions corresponding to the α and β globin chains agreed well with the calculated theoretical mass of the α‐ and β‐ globin chains. Taken together, our results demonstrate that HPLC‐grade Hb can be generated via TFF. In general, this method can be more broadly applied to purify Hb from any source of RBCs. This work is significant, since it outlines a simple method for generating Hb for synthesis and/or formulation of Hb‐based oxygen carriers. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2009     

肌醇四磷酸的制备及其对猪血红蛋白的修饰

经肌醇四磷酸修饰,血红蛋白能改善氧亲和力。小麦麸皮浸出液经硫酸铵分级沉淀、Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ－５０凝胶过滤、Ｍｏｎｏ Ｑ离子交换柱梯度层析纯化得到植酸酶。用纯化的植酸酶催化植酸（肌醇六磷酸,ＩＰ６）水解,可得到一系列肌醇磷酸化合物。控制反应条件使水解终止在肌醇四磷酸（ＩＰ４）为主要产物。用国产７１４树脂填充柱一步纯化得到肌醇四磷酸钠盐,经ＨＰＬＣ反向柱,ＦＡＰ质谱分析其中不含其他肌醇磷酸化合物。     

聚乙二醇大分子化猪血红蛋白对其携氧特性的影响

用PEG共轭结合猪血红蛋白(pHb)以增大总分子量是延长它在血液循环系统中存留时间的有效方法。作为一种线性的亲水大分子,PEG对pHb的共轭会对它的携氧特性产生显著影响。研究了pHb处于不同空间构象(脱氧的T构象或氧合的R构象)、PEG修饰程度的高低、修饰用PEG的分子量的大小、有无别构效应调节剂等不同条件下PEG修饰对pHb携氧能力的影响。进而又用了PEG修饰已经用双(3,5-二溴水杨酸)延胡索酸酯(DBBF)分子内交联的pHb,考察修饰对这种内交联pHb携氧功能的影响。还比较了4种不同方法活化的PEG衍生物,对pHb修饰效率、对修饰产物携氧功能的影响及修饰产物稳定性等。本文认为,DBBF分子内交联的pHb,在有别构效应调节剂的存在下,再用PEG修饰,可以获得携氧能力好、分子量适宜、四聚体稳定的修饰产物。     

Inter- and intrasyngenic variations of the hemoglobin components in Paramecium caudatum.

The ciliated protozoan Paramecium contains hemoglobin in heterogeneous monomeric forms. In particular, Paramecium caudatum is characterized by the presence of a major component called Hb10 and a basic component named bHb. We found that in P. caudatum both of these hemoglobin components show some variation according to stock. The types and distributions of these hemoglobin components were examined on 16 stocks in five different syngens and one stock in an unidentified syngen using high performance liquid chromatography. The results indicate that in a variety of stocks the major component, Hb10, was divided into three types, A, B or A + B, and that the basic hemoglobin component was composed of a combination of two or three variants out of four possible, i.e. bHb 1, bHb 2, bHb 3 and bHb 4. Neither the Hb10 types nor the bHb variants, however, could be used to distinguish syngen in P. caudatum, since all of the Hb10 types and bHb variants were widely distributed over syngens and identical profiles appeared to some stocks in different syngens.     

Purification of bovine hemoglobin via fast performance liquid chromatography

Bovine hemoglobin (bHb) was purified from bovine red blood cells (bRBCs) via anion exchange chromatography preceded by dialysis. This is a fast and effective way to obtain bHb from bRBCs using Q Sepharose XL, a strong anion exchange resin. This resin had double the binding capacity for bHb compared to three other anion exchange resins that were studied in this work. Methemoglobin levels remained below 2% with bHb concentrations between 0.7 and 1.7 mM. The high purity of bHb was confirmed via SDS-PAGE and size exclusion chromatography (SEC).     

Comprehensive characterization of tense and relaxed quaternary state glutaraldehyde polymerized bovine hemoglobin as a function of cross-link density

Previously, our lab developed high molecular weight (MW) tense (T) quaternary state glutaraldehyde polymerized bovine hemoglobins (PolybHbs) that exhibited reduced vasoactivity in several small animal models. In this study, we prepared PolybHb in the T and relaxed (R) quaternary state with ultrahigh MW (>500 kDa) with varying cross-link densities, and investigated the effect of MW on key biophysical properties (i.e., O₂ affinity, cooperativity (Hill) coefficient, hydrodynamic diameter, polydispersity, polymer composition, viscosity, gaseous ligand-binding kinetics, auto-oxidation, and haptoglobin [Hp]-binding kinetics). To further optimize current PolybHb synthesis and purification protocols, we performed a comprehensive meta-data analysis to evaluate correlations between procedural parameters (i.e., cross-linker:bovine hemoglobin (bHb) molar ratio, gas-liquid exchange time, temperature during sodium dithionite addition, and number of diafiltration cycles) and the biophysical properties of both T- and R-state PolybHbs. Our results showed that, the duration of the fast-step auto-oxidation phase of R-state PolybHb increased with decreasing glutaraldehyde:bHb molar ratio. Additionally, T-state PolybHbs exhibited significantly higher bimolecular rate constants for binding to Hp and unimolecular O₂ offloading rate constants compared to R-state PolybHbs. The methemoglobin (metHb) level in the final product was insensitive to the molar ratio of glutaraldehyde to bHb for all PolybHbs. During tangential flow filtration processing of the final product, 14 diafiltration cycles was found to yield the lowest metHb level.     

Synthesis, biophysical properties, and oxygenation potential of variable molecular weight glutaraldehyde-polymerized bovine hemoglobins with low and high oxygen affinity

In a recent study, ultrahigh molecular weight (Mw ) glutaraldehyde-polymerized bovine hemoglobins (PolybHbs) were synthesized with low O2 affinity and exhibited no vasoactivity and a slight degree of hypertension in a 10% top-load model.(1) In this work, we systematically investigated the effect of varying the glutaraldehyde to hemoglobin (G:Hb) molar ratio on the biophysical properties of PolybHb polymerized in either the low or high O2 affinity state. Our results showed that the Mw of the resulting PolybHbs increased with increasing G:Hb molar ratio. For low O2 affinity PolybHbs, increasing the G:Hb molar ratio reduced the O2 affinity and CO association rate constants in comparison to bovine hemoglobin (bHb). In contrast for high O2 affinity PolybHbs, increasing the G:Hb molar ratio led to increased O2 affinity and significantly increased the CO association rate constants compared to unmodified bHb and low O2 affinity PolybHbs. The methemoglobin level and NO dioxygenation rate constants were insensitive to the G:Hb molar ratio. However, all PolybHbs displayed higher viscosities compared to unmodified bHb and whole blood, which also increased with increasing G:Hb molar ratio. In contrast, the colloid osmotic pressure of PolybHbs decreased with increasing G:Hb molar ratio. To preliminarily evaluate the ability of low and high O2 affinity PolybHbs to potentially oxygenate tissues in vivo, an O2 transport model was used to simulate O2 transport in a hepatic hollow fiber (HF) bioreactor. It was observed that low O2 affinity PolybHbs oxygenated the bioreactor better than high O2 affinity PolybHbs. This result points to the suitability of low O2 affinity PolybHbs for use in tissue engineering and transfusion medicine. Taken together, our results show the quantitative effect of varying the oxygen saturation of bHb and G:Hb molar ratio on the biophysical properties of PolybHbs and their ability to oxygenate a hepatic HF bioreactor. We suggest that the information gained from this study can be used to guide the design of the next generation of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) for use in tissue engineering and transfusion medicine applications.