蒲公英黄酮类物质提取条件的优化与含量测定

蒲公英是一种常见的药用植物,内含多种化学物质,研究蒲公英内含的化学成分对其药用价值的开发利用具有重要意义。以蒲公英全草为研究对象,采用超声辅助溶剂提取法提取其黄酮类物质,对提取时间和提取温度进行优化,确定最佳提取条件;采用分光光度法,以芦丁标准溶液为标样,测定蒲公英内黄酮类物质的含量。结果表明,提取温度为70℃、提取时间为30min时,蒲公英黄酮类物质的提取效果最佳;蒲公英中黄酮类物质含量为4.33%。     

肉苁蓉总黄酮含量的测定

目的：从肉苁蓉中提取并测定总黄酮含量,选择最佳提取工艺条件。方法：以芦丁为对照品,用分光光度法在最大吸收波长510nm对其含量进行测定。结果：测得样品中总黄酮含量C=9．33％,最佳提取工艺：乙醇浓度为70％、料液比1：40、回流时间2h、回流温度70℃。结论：选用芦丁为对照品应用于紫外分光光度法测定肉苁蓉总黄酮含量准确度较高,方法简单,是切实可行含量测定方法。     

桐柏野大豆种子粗蛋白质测定及方法探讨

野大豆因其高蛋白、低油脂含量等特点,越来越引起人们的关注。为了快速精确测定野大豆粗蛋白质含量,采用半微量凯氏法和消化—分光光度法对采自桐柏的8个野大豆样品进行蛋白质含量的测定,并分析比较两种测定方法。试验结果显示,采用消化—分光光度法测定的野大豆的蛋白质含量与经典的半微量凯氏法测定结果一致。半微量凯氏法适用范围广,测定结果精确,而消化—分光光度法相对于半微量凯氏法简化了试验操作,缩短了分析时间,又没有特殊的仪器设备和试剂要求,更便于普及应用。     

沙棘不同部位总黄酮含量的测定及比较

考察了引种于俄罗斯的大果沙棘不同部位总黄酮含量的差异。用超声提取作为沙棘总黄酮的制备方法;以芦丁为对照品,采用分光光度法作为沙棘总黄酮的测定方法。实验结果表明,沙棘叶、果肉和果皮中总黄酮含量分别为1.71%、0.76%和0.55%,叶中总黄酮含量分别是果肉和果皮的2.3倍和3.1倍,因此引种于俄罗斯的大果沙棘叶具有较大的开发价值和应用前景。     

野西瓜乙醇提取物对大鼠细菌性阴道炎及阴道菌群的影响

目的 观察野西瓜乙醇提取物对细菌性阴道炎及阴道菌群的影响。 方法 建立细菌性阴道炎模型并分为模型组、对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组,另取8只正常SD大鼠记为正常组。对照组予以氧氟沙星60 mg/kg灌胃,低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组分别予以50、100、200 mg/kg西瓜乙醇提取物灌胃,模型组与正常组均予以等量无菌生理盐水灌胃。对比疗效、干预前后阴道菌群变化。 结果 总有效率高剂量组最高,中剂量组和对照组次之,低剂量组较低,除中剂量组和对照组差异无统计学意义外(P>0.05),其余两两比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),其余两两比较差异均有统计学意义(均P结论 野西瓜乙醇提取物对大鼠细菌性阴道炎治疗效果好,呈剂量依赖性,并可调节阴道菌群。     

新疆阿魏中总黄酮的提取分离及含量测定

以芦丁为对照品,NaNO2-AlCl3-NaOH体系为显色剂分光光度法测定新疆阿魏的总黄酮类含量。通过回流法和超声法提取新疆阿魏中的总黄酮,比较两种提取方法,从而得到最佳的提取方法,超声法是合适的提取方法。确定了提取总黄酮的适当溶剂、时间和显色剂用量。建立了芦丁浓度-吸光度关系的回归方程为A=9．2500C-0．0193,r=0．9993。平均回收率为98．73％。RSD为1．04％（n=6）。方法简单、可行、重现性好。     

不同工艺提取老鹰茶总黄酮含量的比较

比较不同工艺提取富集的老鹰茶中总黄酮含量,分别采用传统乙醇提取-正丁醇萃取法和水提取-大孔树脂法提取老鹰茶总黄酮,并用紫外分光光度法,以芦丁为标准品,270nm下测定总黄酮含量。水提取-大孔树脂法富集所得固体中黄酮含量较高,可达55.86%,回收率为105.6%,RSD=1.64%。水提取-大孔树脂富集的工艺操作简单,所得固体黄酮含量高,更适于老鹰茶总黄酮的提取,对进一步的工业化生产开发有较好的参考价值。     

不同黄秋葵花中总黄酮的提取和含量测定

通过对超声波法、水浴法、水浴超声波法、水浴微波法四种不同方式辅助提取黄秋葵花中总黄酮的方法进行比较,确定以水浴超声波法辅助提取测定黄秋葵花中总黄酮效果较好.采用紫外可见分光光度法,以芦丁为标准品,样品总黄酮在0.00 ～0.067 mg/mL范围内线性良好,其回归方程为y=12.046x-0.0015,R2 =0.9993.采用水浴超声波法辅助提取、硝酸铝显色法测定11个湘葵品系的样品花中总黄酮含量,结果表明：在11种黄秋葵花样品中,湘葵3号的花中总黄酮含量最高,为5.29％,湘葵8号的花中总黄酮含量最低,为1.70％.上述研究结果为黄秋葵的质量评价及今后的产业化研究提供新思路.     

CTAB法提取野野村菌基因组DNA

针对用常规方法难以提取野野村菌基因组DNA的问题,通过选用添加甘氨酸的不同培养基和不同培养时间获得的菌丝体,采用液氮研磨结合CTAB法提取野野村菌DNA,电泳检测及计算OD260/OD280值。结果表明,在添加0.3%甘氨酸的麦芽汁-酵母膏(YE)培养基中振荡培养培养3d的菌丝体适合于DNA提取,用CTAB法获得的基因组DNA,长度约为20kb,且OD260/OD280在1.8左右,达到基因组DNA-DNA杂交的要求。     

野菊花总黄酮的含量测定

对不同产地、不同加工方法的野菊花中总黄酮进行了含量测定和筛选研究 ,结果首选了湖北省麻城市采摘、烘干法加工的野菊花。并检测了其六批野菊花浸膏的总黄酮含量 ,结果均达 11%以上 ,符合质量要求。     

New spermidine alkaloids from Capparis spinosa roots

Three new spermidine alkaloids capparispine (1), capparispine 26-O-β-d-glucoside (2) and cadabicine 26-O-β-d-glucoside hydrochloride (3) were isolated from the roots of Capparis spinosa. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR experiments (¹H–¹H COSY, HSQC, HMBC).     

刺山柑果实中硫单质的分离与晶体结构

从刺山柑果实中首次分离纯化得到S8单质。经X-射线单晶衍射分析,确认该化合物为S8晶体,M=256.48。晶体属斜方晶系,空间群Fddd。晶胞参数a=10.456(7),b=12.908(9),c=24.483(17),V=3305(4)3,Z=16,F(000)=2048,R1=0.0915,wR2=0.1820。     

Isolation and crystal ctructure of sulfur from Capparis spinosa fruits

从刺山柑果实中首次分离纯化得到S8单质.经X-射线单晶衍射分析,确认该化合物为S8晶体,M=256.48.晶体属斜方晶系,空间群Fddd.晶胞参数a=10.456(7)A°,b=12.908(9)A°,c=24.483(17)A°,V=3305(4)A°3,Z=16,F(000)=2048,R1=0.0915,wR2=0.1820.     

Protective effect of Capparis spinosa on chondrocytes

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro chondroprotective effects of the lyophilised methanolic extract from flowering buds of Capparis Spinosa L (LECS). This plant, common to the Mediterranean basin, has been used by the traditional medicine for its diuretic and antihypertensive effects and also in certain pathological conditions related to uncontrolled lipid peroxidation. The extract contains many constituents, in particular some flavonoids (kaempferol and quercetin derivatives) and hydrocinammic acids with several known biological effects such as the anti-inflammatory and the antioxidant ones. In this study, we assayed the effect of LECS on human chondrocytes cultures stimulated by proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and we determined the production of key molecules released during chronic inflammatory events (nitric oxide, glycosaminoglycans, prostaglandins and reactive oxygen species). We observed that LECS was able to counteract the harmful effects induced by IL-1beta. This protection appeared to be greater than that elicited by indomethacin, which is usually employed in joint diseases. Since LECS possess a chondroprotective effect, it might be used in the management of cartilage damage during the inflammatory processes.     

刺山柑化学成分研究

采用硅胶、聚酰胺和Sephadex LH-20等色谱方法从维吾尔药刺山柑中分离得到11个化学成分,通过理化手段及波谱技术分别鉴定为正二十八烷(1)、β-胡萝卜苷(2)、正二十八烷醇(3)、正三十二烷酸(4)、正十六烷酸(5)、琥珀酸(6)、原儿茶酸(7)4、-羟基-5-甲基呋喃-3-羧酸(8)、山萘酚3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷(9)、芦丁(10)和水苏碱(11)。其中化合物13、和4为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

(6S)-Hydroxy-3-oxo-alpha-ionol glucosides from Capparis spinosa fruits

Two new (6S)-hydroxy-3-oxo-alpha-ionol glucosides, together with corchoionoside C ((6S,9S)-roseoside) and a prenyl glucoside, were isolated from mature fruits of Capparis spinosa. The structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic, chiroptic and chemical evidence. In addition, the 13C-resonance of C-9 was found to be of particular diagnostic value in assigning the absolute configuration at that center in ionol glycosides. The alpha-ionol derivatives are metabolites of (+)-(S)-abscisic acid.     

青藏高原地区刺山柑解剖特征研究

采用石蜡切片法对分布于海拔4 000 m的西藏札达的刺山柑解剖结构进行研究,进一步探讨青藏高原植物独特生理结构及其与环境的适应性。结果表明刺山柑具有适应高山荒漠草原环境的典型结构特征: 次生根周皮发达,具有较厚的木栓层和发达的次生木质部;茎具表皮毛和角质层,皮层较厚,厚角组织发达,髓较小;叶具角质层,气孔密集,栅栏组织多层,为双栅型等面叶;花冠较大,白色花瓣,适于虫媒传粉;侧膜胎座,子房多室,胚珠多数,花粉外壁较厚,具较强的抗腐蚀及抗酸碱性能。刺山柑形成上述结构特征是青藏高原特殊综合生态环境长期作用的结果。同时也是刺山柑对高原环境的高度适应。     

Phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Capparis spinosa

Caper plant (Capparis spinosa) extracts have been associated with diverse biological activities including anti-oxidant properties. In this work, we characterized the hydro-ethanolic extract obtained from C. spinosa leaves [hydroethanolic extract of C. spinosa (HECS)] by analyzing the content in anti-oxidant compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Further, we evaluated HECS antioxidant activities in vitro using bleaching of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and ABTS test as well as by pretreatment of HeLa cells exposed to Fe²⁺ or H₂O₂. Our findings indicate that HECS contains high amount of total phenolic compounds and high levels of flavonoids and anthocyanins. Furthermore, HECS exhibited antioxidant activity in both chemical and biological tests. Specially, pretreatment of HeLa cells with different concentrations of the extract conferred protection against lipid peroxidation and modulated activities of two antioxidant enzymes, SOD and catalase. These results revealed HECS antioxidant effects and suggest that C. spinosa leaves are a potential source of natural antioxidant molecules with possible applications in industry and medicine.     

In vitro propagation of caper (Capparis spinosa L.)

Summary A twenty fold multiplication per twenty days of caper was achieved by culturing nodal shoot segments in the presence of BAP (4 μM) plus IAA (0.3 μM) and GA₃ (0.3 μM). The use of a modified MS medium facilitated this response. Plantlet regeneration was induced on single shoots taken from proliferating clusters subcultured for 20 days on a reduced BAP (2 μM) without auxin and gibberellin Higher rooting responses (70%) were obtained after a 20-day incubation period in darkness on solid half-strength MS1 medium plus IAA (30 μM), followed by a subsequent 20 day culture period on half-strength MSI basal medium. Proliferation was mainly due to axillary shoot-bud development as revealed by histological studies. The extensive meristematic activities observed indicated the enormous morphological potential of this species.     

新疆刺山柑叶子挥发油化学成分的研究

目的:分析新疆刺山柑叶子部位挥发油成分.方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取刺山柑叶子挥发油,通过气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术进行挥发油成分分析.结果:检出50个色谱峰,鉴定出34个化合物,占总挥发油的94.93%.结论:新疆刺山柑叶子挥发油中的主要成分为硫化物,占总挥发油的80.72%;酮类(9.19%)为次要化学成分;醛类2.36%;萜烯类2.26%;烃0.32%;醇1.09%.这些数据为进一步开发利用刺山柑资源提供了可靠的依据.