Euxinomys galaticus N. G. N. Sp. (Muridae,rodentia, mammalia) du pliocene de çalta (Ankara,Turquie)

Among the abundant fauna of Mammals from Çalta, a new Murid was found: Euxinomys galaticus, characterized by its internal cusps which are very back-placed, its t1 separated from the t2 but linked to the t5 on the M¹. The inferior molars present a strong median longitudinal crest. This new genus. Euxinomys also contains «Parapodemus similis from the Odessa's Catacombs.     

Taxonomy, molecular phylogeny, and ultrastructural morphology of Olpidiopsis porphyrae sp. nov. (Oomycetes, straminipiles), a unicellular obligate endoparasite of Bangia and Porphyra spp. (Bangiales, Rhodophyta)

Olpidiopsis porphyrae sp. nov., a marine oomycete endoparasite that infects the commercially cultivated red alga Porphyra yezoensis, is described and its phylogenetic position based on molecular data and ultrastructural morphology is discussed. O. porphyrae infects the host Porphyra by means of encysted zoospores. Spherical-shaped holocarpic thalli develop within the cytoplasm of its algal host, which produce monoplanetic, subapically biflagellate zoospores. The characteristic features of this isolate are the ellipsoidal, unicellular thallus and simple holocarpic zoosporangial development, which show morphological similarity with the genus Olpidiopsis. Laboratory infection experiments with a wide range of green, brown, and red algae revealed that O. porphyrae infects several stages of the bangialean red algae (the genera Bangia and Porphyra). Molecular phylogenetic analyses inferred from both SSU rRNA and cox2 genes showed O. porphyrae branched before the main saprolegnian and peronosporalean lineages within the monophyletic oomycete clade, indicating its phylogenetic separation from them. A single or double K-body-like organelle, which contains tubular inclusions, is found located to one side of the zoospore nucleus and shows similarities to homologous organelles previously described in O. saprolegniae. The ultrastructural morphology of O. porphyrae with zoospore initials containing K-bodies and tubular mitochondrial cristae is characteristic of oomycetes. Group I intron-like multiple insertions were found in the SSU rRNA gene of O. porphyrae. This is the first report of SSU group I introns in the class Oomycetes.     

Cortinarius sect. Brunnei (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) in North Europe

The section Brunnei was extensively studied based on material from North Europe. To stabilise the nomenclature we studied the relevant types of taxa included in this section. Phylogenetic relationships and species limits were investigated using rDNA ITS sequences and the results were compared with the morphological data. We recognised 11 species: Cortinarius brunneus, C. clarobrunneus comb. nov., C. coleoptera, C. ectypus, C. gentilis, C. glandicolor (neotypified), C. pseudorubricosus, and four species described as new C. caesiobrunneus, C. albogaudis, C. carabus, and C. cicindela. They are described here and their taxonomy, ecology, distribution, and relationships are discussed. In addition, a key to species of the section Brunnei is provided. A total of 77 new sequences of 11 species are published including nine type sequences. Also the taxonomic assignments of sequences in the public databases belonging to the section Brunnei are revised.     

Revision of genus Melamphaes (Melamphaidae). II. Multi-Raker species: M. polylepis, M. falsidicus sp. nova, M. pachystomus sp. nova, M. macrocephalus, M. leprus

The second part of the publication is devoted to the Melamphaes species (family Melamphaidae), which are characterized by 20 and more rakers on the first gill arch, by seven soft rays in the ventral fin, by absence of a temporal spine, by 14–15 rays in the pectoral fin, and by 11 abdominal vertebrae. M. polylepis is characterized by circumtropical range (Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, western and central Pacific Ocean). Newly described species M. falsidicus is described from the northern Atlantic Ocean, where it was sampled between 34°N and 58°N. Before, this species was defined as M. microps. Another newly described species, M. pachystomus, is described along the Peruvian Coast. M. macrocephalus is redescribed. This species inhabits the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (approximately between 30°N and 23°S). One of the studied specimens of M. macrocephalus was characterized by larger body size (SL = 128 mm) than was described before for this species. M. leprus is known currently by single findings from the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean (between 11°N and 4°S). This species was also found in the samples obtain in the Gulf of Guinea.     

Gregarina hylobii and Ophryocystis hylobii n. sp. (ophryocystidae,neogregarinida) parasitizing Hylobius abietis (Curculionidae,coleoptera)

Two sporozoan parasites, Gregarina hylobii and Ophryocystis hylobii n. sp., parasitizing the adults of natural populations of Hylobius abietis are described. The gregarine G. hylobii, a parasite of the gut of H. abietis, has been reexamined and its complete life cycle, including the solitary gamonts, gametocysts, and sporoducts is described. The life cycle of the neogregarine O. hylobii infecting the Malpighian tubules of host animals examined at light and electron microscope levels is discussed. Some data on the prevalence of infections and host-parasite relationships are also discussed.     

Models for the 3(10)-helix/coil,pi-helix/coil,and alpha-helix/3(10)-helix/coil transitions in isolated peptides.

Models for the 3(10)-helix/coil and pi-helix/coil equilibria have been derived. The theory is based on classifying residues into helical or nonhelical (coil) conformations. Statistical weights are assigned to residues in a helical conformation with an associated helical hydrogen bond, a helical conformation with no hydrogen bond, an N-cap position, a C-cap position, or the reference coil conformation. The models for alpha-helix formation and 3(10)-helix formation have also been combined to describe a three-state equilibrium in which alpha-helical, 3(10)-helical, and coil conformations are populated. The results are compared with the modified Lifson-Roig theory for the alpha-helix/coil equilibrium. The comparison accounts for the experimental observations that 3(10)-helices tend to be short and pi-helices are not favored for any length. This work may provide a framework for quantitatively rationalizing experimental work on isolated 3(10)-helices and mixed 3(10)-/alpha-helices.     

云南的复叶耳蕨属(ArachniodesBl.)植物

对云南产复叶耳蕨属植物进行了再次的分类订正研究,确认云南有该属植物20个种类,其中,华南复叶耳蕨Arachniodesfestina(Hance)Ching和齿头复叶耳蕨A.aristata(Forst.)Tindale为云南分布新记录;将《中国植物志》等资料中的Acrorumohradissecta、Arachniodesailaoshanensis、A.australis、A.austro-yunnanensis、A.caudata、A.chinensisvar.cornopteris、A.chinensisvar.jinpingensis、A.chingii、A.dayaoensis、A.futeshanen-sis、A.gongshanensis、A.guangtongensis、A.lushuiensis、A.pianmaensis、A.pseudo-aristata、A.pseudo-assa-mica、A.shuangbaiensis、A.sinoaristata、A.sporadosora和A.triangularis等20个名称作为新异名处理。还列出了云南产该属植物的分种检索表、名称的处理及分类讨论、地理分布等。     

Ophiostoma arduennense sp. nov. (Ophiostomatales, Ascomycota) from Fagus sylvatica in southern Belgium

Ophiostoma arduennense sp. nov. is described from several cultures isolated from Fagus sylvatica in southern Belgium. The species is mainly characterized by globose perithecia with small button-like bases ornamented with brown hyphal hairs of variable length and, long cylindrical necks ending in ostiolate hyphae. It is homothallic with small reniform ascospores and no apparent anamorph. It is closely associated with the ambrosia beetles Xyloterus domesticus and X. signatus. Its phylogenetic relationships within Ophiostoma are discussed and the species is compared with other Ophiostoma species associated with European beech or other broad-leaved trees in Europe, especially species of the O. quercus–O. piceae complex. The species is responsible for a dark brown staining of the sapwood and its role in the decline of beech in Southern Belgium is also discussed.     

Electronic structures of collagen model polymers: (Gly-Pro)n, (Gly-Hyp)n, (Ala-Pro)n, (Ala-Hyp)n, (Gly-Pro-Gly)n, (Gly-Hyp-Gly)n, (Gly-Pro-Pro)n, and (Gly-Pro-Hyp)n

In order to investigate the relationship existing between the electronic structures of collagen and its biochemical functions in vivo, the semiempirical CNDO/2 SCF MO calculations were carried out on several model polymers of collagen, (Gly-Pro)_n, (Gly-Hyp)_n, (Ala-Pro)_n, (Ala-Hyp)_n, (Gly-Pro-Gly)_n, (Gly-Hyp-Gly)_n, (Gly-Pro-Pro)_n and (Gly-Pro-Hyp)_n. Geometries of the skeleton of these polymers were assumed to be the same as those of poly(l-proline) I (cis) and II (trans) and the calculations were performed only on infinite polymers in a single chain. The results show that the cis form is always more stable than the trans form for all the polymers treated. This energy difference between the cis and trans forms depends, for example, on the kind of amino acid residue, Gly or Ala, but this could not be seen in the Pro or Hyp residue. The flexibility or mobility of the collagen structure was explained using the energy difference between the cis and trans forms of the polymers, i.e. the cis-trans conversion of the collagen was discussed in connection with the energy difference. The reason why the collagen has the constitution of (Gly-Pro-Hyp)_n is briefly discussed.     

Extrachromosomal DNA in Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, var. finitimus, var. sotto, and in Bacillus popilliae

Four entomopathogenic bacteria contained extrachromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules of various sizes. Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki contained twelve elements banding on agarose gels that ranged from 0.74 to > 50 × 10⁶ daltons, three of which were giant extrachromosomal DNA elements. B. thuringiensis var. sotto contained one giant extrachromosomal DNA element with a molecular size of about 23.5 × 10⁶ daltons and two lesser elements of 0.80 and 0.62 × 10⁶ daltons. B. thuringiensis var. finitimus harbored two giant DNA elements corresponding to >50 × 10⁶ daltons and two lesser bands with relative small size (0.98 and 0.97 × 10⁶ daltons). B. popilliae contained no giant extrachromosomal DNA elements but did contain two smaller elements corresponding to 4.45 and 0.58 × 10⁶ daltons. The possible use of extrachromosomal DNA elements that prove to be autonomous replicons for recombinant DNA studies is discussed.     

Aspects of food intake,food selection,and alimentary canal morphology of mugil cephalus (Linnaeus, 1958), Liza Tricuspidens (Smith, 1935), L. Richardsoni (Smith, 1846), and L. Dumerili (Steindachner, 1869)

Feeding periodicity, selection efficiency and food consumption of Liza dumerili (Steindachner, 1869) and L. richardsoni (Smith, 1846) were determined. The effects of particle size and nature of ingested food on aspects of the morphology of the alimentary canal of L. dumerili, L. richardsoni, Mugil cephalu (Linnaeus, 1958) and Liza tricuspidens (Smith, 1935) are discused. It was found that the dominant mullet species in the Swartkops estuary (South Africa) not only exhibit different feeding periodicities (L. dumerili and L. richardsoni but that selected material in all the species differs in chemical as well as physical properties. Alimentary canals of each species are morphologically well adapted for selection, ingestion and digestion of its preferredi food items. These factors reduce interspecific competition among the different mullet species.     

Pecopteris (Asterotheca) saraeiP. Corsin, 1951, forme fertile de Sphenopteris damesii (Stur, 1885)

Sphenopteris damesii (Stur), a rather frequentspecies from the Sarre-Lorraine Coalfield was only known till now as a typical sphenopteridian sterile foliage. The study of a lot of specimens from recent boreholes has allowed us to show the great polymorphism of this species whose foliage, usually deeply dissected, tends to be pecopteridian in the fertile stage.The organization of fructifications and the type of included spores are described for the first time. Moreover, the comparison of the fertile specimens of Sph. damesii with those from the same horizon described by P. Corsin as Pecopteris saraei has revealed similarity in limb morphology, in the organization of fructifications, in the type of spores which proves that P. saraei is the fertile form of Sp. damesii. Consequently, P. Corsin's species is a posterior synonym of Sphenopteris damesii (Stur).The generic attribution of this species sets a nomenclatural question: the features of the fructifications agree exactly with the diagnose of the genus AsterothecaPresl but this genus till now was reserved for sporangia born by typical pecopteridian foliage. Nevertheless, the species is temporarily refered to Asterotheca until further works allow to decide about the subordination of these different characters.