酮康唑涂膜剂治疗手足癣89例疗效观察

目的观察和评价酮康唑涂膜剂治疗手、足癣的临床疗效和安全性。方法手、足癣患者165例随机分成两组,A组89例外用酮康唑涂膜剂,B组76例外用克霉唑软膏,两组均分别将药物外涂于局部皮损处,2次／d,连用4周,同时监测不良反应,疗程结束后按照判断标准,采用单盲法进行综合评价。结果治疗4周后观察,A组总有效率为79．8％,B组总有效率为56．2％,差异有高度显著性（P〈0．005）。结论酮康唑涂膜剂治疗手足癣具有疗效好,副作用小,安全性高的优点,值得临床推广应用。     

萘替芬酮康唑乳膏治疗体股癣疗效观察

目的观察萘替芬酮康唑乳膏治疗体、股癣的疗效。方法80例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,分别予萘替芬酮康唑乳膏和1％硝酸咪康唑霜治疗,两组均治疗两周。结果治疗组、对照组在停药两周时的真菌清除率分别为95．0％、77．5％（χ^2=5．165,P〈0．05）;总有效率分别为97．5％、77．5％（χ^2=7．314,P〈0．01）。结论萘替芬酮康唑乳膏治疗体、股癣疗效好,安全性高。     

萘替芬酮康唑乳膏治疗股癣疗效观察

目的观察萘替芬酮康唑乳膏治疗股癣疗效和安全性。方法将160例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组外用萘替芬酮康唑乳膏;对照组外用硝酸咪康唑乳膏,均早晚各涂一次。用药2周及停药3周后分别进行临床疗效和真菌学疗效评价。结果治疗2周时治疗组有效率为92.50%,而对照组有效率为76.25%,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗2周时真菌清除率治疗组97.50%,对照组87.50%,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。停药3周时治疗组有效率为96.25%,对照组有效率为75.00%,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。停药3周时真菌学清除率治疗组97.50%,对照组85.00%,两组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。无明显不良反应发生。结论萘替芬酮康唑乳膏治疗股癣安全有效。     

口服联合外用抗真菌药物治疗23例泛发性体癣疗效观察

目的分析泛发性体癣的发病因素、观察口服伊曲康唑联合外用萘替芬酮康唑治疗泛发性体癣的临床疗效。方法应用口服伊曲康唑联合外用萘替芬酮康唑治疗泛发性体癣23例,对停药时及停药2周后的皮损消退情况、总有效率进行观察。结果停药2周后的总有效率100％,治愈率94．42％,真菌清除率100％。结论联合疗法治疗泛发性体癣具有疗效好、复发率低、患者依从性好的优点。     

萘替芬酮康唑乳膏治疗浅部真菌病疗效观察

目的观察萘替芬酮康唑乳膏治疗浅部真菌病疗效。方法萘替芬酮康唑乳膏均匀涂抹于皮损处,2次／d,观察治疗1周、2周及3周时的疗效。结果治疗1周、2周和3周时的有效率分别为50．74％、72．79％和91．91％,真菌清除率分别为9．56％、72．79％和94．12％。结论萘替芬酮康唑乳膏治疗浅部真菌病疗效肯定,安全性高。     

伊曲康唑口服联合外用抗真菌药物治疗泛发性体癣的疗效观察

伊曲康唑口服治疗浅部真菌感染已在临床得到广泛应用并取得良好效果。我们在2009年3～9月,采用伊曲康唑口服联合外用抗真菌药治疗33例泛发性体癣患者,取得了满意的临床和真菌学疗效,现报道如下。     

2％硝酸舍他康唑乳膏联合复方酮康唑乳膏治疗手足癣的疗效观察

手、足癣是皮肤癣菌在手足部位引起的皮肤病,在全世界广泛流行,发病率高、局部传染性强.外用抗真菌药物是目前临床采用的主要的治疗方法.笔者利用硝酸舍他康唑乳膏联合复方酮康唑乳膏治疗手、足癣82例,现对其疗效和安全性报告如下.     

基于脂代谢特点建立豚鼠动脉粥样硬化模型优势的研究进展

动脉粥样硬化（AS）在全球的发病率逐年升高,有关AS 的研究也越来越深入,合适的动物模型是研究动脉粥样硬化机制和 药物研发的关键环节。在众多动物模型中豚鼠作为动脉粥样硬化的研究对象存在众多优势,主要体现在血浆脂蛋白的构成比例、 胆固醇的转运形式、肝脏中胆固醇的存在形式与比例、对外源性胆固醇的敏感性、胆固醇与脂蛋白代谢过程中关键酶的活性变化 等方面。本综述基于脂代谢特点,对比分析这几个方面内容来阐述豚鼠作为动脉粥样硬化动物模型的优势。     

银杏叶提取物对豚鼠哮喘模型血红素氧合酶-1表达的影响

目的探讨银杏叶提取物(Egb761)对豚鼠哮喘模型血红素氧合酶-1(HO-1)表达的影响.方法 将30只豚鼠随机分为3组(n=10)(1)正常组;(2)哮喘组;(3)治疗组.测定全血一氧化碳血红蛋白(COHb)的百分比含量、气道阻力并观察气道壁嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)浸润情况, 用免疫组织化学染色方法观察HO-1在豚鼠肺组织中的表达变化.结果各组气道上皮细胞HO-1阳性表达的平均吸光度分别为 0.170±0.020、0.707±0.058、0.397±0.034.哮喘组HO-1的表达水平显著高于正常组(P<0.01).治疗组HO-1的表达水平显著低于哮喘组(P<0.01). 结论银杏叶提取物能显著抑制哮喘豚鼠气道壁内上皮细胞HO-1的表达,提示银杏叶提取物抑制HO-1的表达可能是银杏叶提取物治疗哮喘的作用机制之一.     

盐酸布替萘芬乳膏治疗体、股癣,手、足癣60例疗效观察

目的观察1%盐酸布替萘芬乳膏治疗60例浅部真菌病疗效。方法进行治疗前、后临床疗效和真菌疗效评价。结果临床疗效评价和真菌疗效评价,总有效率分别为96.67%和96.7%。结论1%盐酸布替萘芬乳膏治疗浅表真菌病疗效良好。     

误诊2年的左上臂难辨认体癣1例

报道1例由须癣毛癣菌引起的难辨认体癣。患者女,45岁,左臂伸侧多处红斑、丘疹伴脱屑、瘙痒2a余。曾多次就医诊断不明,患处皮损取活检做病理检查倾向于＂银屑病＂但疗效不佳。刮取皮屑镜检见真菌菌丝,小培养见葡萄串状小分生孢子及螺旋菌丝,尿素酶试验阳性,毛发穿孔试验阳性,鉴定为须癣毛癣菌。经内服特比萘芬和外用萘替芬酮康唑乳膏治疗28d后皮损消退,复查真菌阴性。     

2%硝酸舍他康唑乳膏治疗体股癣和足癣疗效和安全性评价

目的 评价2％硝酸舍他康唑乳膏治疗足癣和体、股癣的疗效及安全性,并与2％硝酸咪康唑乳膏对照。方法 采用多中心随机双盲对照试验。试验组及对照组分别外用2％硝酸舍他康唑乳膏和2％硝酸咪康唑乳膏,每天2次,疗程4周。在治疗开始及治疗2周、4周、6周时进行观察。结果 足癣试验组61例,对照组58例;体、股癣试验组56例,对照组55例完成了观察。足癣在4周时,临床有效率试验组98．36％,对照组93．10％,在6周时分别为100％和98．28％;在4周和6周时真菌学清除率试验组均为95．1％,对照组均为100％;在4周时总有效率试验组98．36％,对照组93．10％,在6周时分别为100％和98．28％。体、股癣在4周时,临床有效率试验组98．21％,对照组92．73％,在6周时分别为100％和98．18％;在4周和6周时真菌学清除率试验组和对照组均为100％;在4周时总有效率试验组98．21％,对照组92．73％,在6周时分别为100％和98．18％。药物不良反应发生率试验组1．7％,对照组0．9％,表现为局部刺激。结果 显示2％硝酸舍他康唑乳膏治疗足癣和体、股癣的疗效及安全性与2％硝酸咪康唑乳膏相似（P〉0．05）。结论 2％硝酸舍他康唑乳膏治疗足癣和体、股癣有效、安全。     

蒺藜TTS-12对须癣毛癣菌的体内外抗菌活性研究

为考察天然产物蒺藜TTS-12对须癣毛癣菌的体外和体内抗菌活性,本研究采用CLSI的M38-A2方案对须癣毛癣菌进行最小抑菌和杀菌浓度的检测,选取多重指标考察TTS-12对须癣毛癣菌的抑菌作用;建立豚鼠感染须癣毛癣菌豚鼠体癣模型,分组给药观察低、中、高剂量蒺藜TTS-12凝胶剂对豚鼠体癣模型在背部病变程度评分,病灶皮肤真菌培养阴性率,病灶皮肤病理变化的影响。结果发现,TTS-12对须癣毛癣菌的标株菌株的MIC值为1μg/mL,MFC为8μg/mL,其还能够显著抑制须癣毛癣菌的菌丝生长,浓度为4μg/mL的TTS-12作用15天时,菌丝生长抑制率已经高于60%,且对须癣毛癣菌的孢子萌发抑制作用呈时间和浓度依赖性。动物实验中,低、中、高剂量蒺藜TTS-12凝胶剂均能显著降低背部病变程度评分(P<0.01),中、高剂量能增高病灶皮肤真菌培养阴性率(P<0.05),病灶皮肤HE染色切片表明高剂量组棘层肥厚降低,背部炎症减弱,使角质层恢复正常。以上结果表明蒺藜TTS-12在体外抗须癣毛癣菌和豚鼠体癣模型中均有较好的活性。     

Live non-invasive Shigella dysenteriae 1 strain induces homologous protective immunity in a guinea pig colitis model

A non-invasive live transconjugant Shigella hybrid (LTSHΔstx) strain was constructed from a Shiga toxin gene deleted mutant of Shigella dysenteriae 1 by introducing a plasmid vector pPR1347 that carried a lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene (rfb and rfc) of Salmonella typhimurium. In guinea pigs, four successive oral administrations of LTSH Δstx showed complete protection against rectal challenge with wild type S. dysenteriae 1 strain. Exponential increase of the serum IgG and IgA titer against lipopolysaccharide of LTSH Δstx was observed during immunization, peaked on day 28 and remained at that level until day 35 after the initiation of the immunization. In intestinal lavage of the immunized animals, significant increase of IgA titer against lipopolysaccharide of LTSH Δstx was also observed. These data suggested that LTSH Δstx could be a useful candidate to induce protective immunity against S. dysenteriae 1 infection.     

Achievement of complete mycological cure by topical antifungal agent NND-502 in guinea pig model of tinea pedis

We examined the therapeutic effect of a 1% cream preparation of NND-502, a novel topical antifungal agent, in a guinea pig tinea pedis model produced by infecting the plantar skin of guinea pigs with Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Animals developing tinea pedis were divided into two groups: an untreated control group and a treated group. In the latter group, after confirming infection had been established, the infected animals were topically treated with the NND-502 cream once daily for one week. The animals were reared in a clean environment free from exposure to exogenous dermatophytes. At one week (5 weeks post-infection), 6 weeks (10 weeks post-infection) and 16 weeks (20 weeks post-infection) after completion of the treatment, plantar skin samples were taken from a certain number of both groups of animals. The results demonstrated that all of the animals in the untreated control group and none of those in the treated group were culture-positive in this animal model of tinea pedis. The topical treatment with NND-502 achieved a mycological cure. Thus NND-502 can be considered a promising candidate as a new anti-dermatophytic agent for topical use.     

Modulation of cAMP level by tedisamil in guinea pig heart

Tedisamil is antiarrhythmic class III drug with antifibrillating/defibrillating potency linked to enhancement of intermyocyte gap junctional electrical coupling most likely via its sympathomimetic cAMP-related mechanisms. This study was designed to examin the effect of tedisamil on cAMP level in guinea pig hearts in vivo and in vitro in Langendorff preparation. The drug was administered either as a bolus into vena jugularis in dosage 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg or into the perfusion solution at a concentration of 1.5 × 10^-6 mol/l. In additional experiments, this period was followed by brief 10 min global ischemia, induced by clamping of the aorta or perfusion. After 10 min from the onset of tedisamil administration as well as after 10 min of ischemia the ventricular tissue was immediately frozen for cAMP immunoassay Tedisamil caused in normal heart small but significant dose-dependent increase of myocardial cAMP (pmol/mg) level in vivo 1.8 and 2.5 vs. 1.4 as well as in vitro 1.1 vs. 0.8 (p < 0.05) conditions. Ischemia itself induced accumulation of cAMP in both, in vitro and in vitro experiments, 2.6 vs. 1.4 and 1.3 vs. 0.8, respectively. The preischemic elevation of cAMP by tedisamil was not potentiated by following ischemia, on the contrary, decline of the cyclic nucleotide was detected comparing to ischemia itself. In conclusion, tedisamil increased cAMP level in normal heart and prevented additional ischemia-related elevation of this nucleotide. The results indicate modulation of myocardial cAMP level by tedisamil, which may account for its protective effect on gap junctional electrical coupling.     

神经递质对豚鼠左心室流出道自律细胞电活动的影响

为研究左心室流出道慢反应自律细胞的神经支配和受体分布,本实验采用标准玻璃微电极细胞内记录技术,分别观测了肾上腺素能和胆碱能受体激动剂及相应的受体拮抗剂对离体豚鼠左心室流出道组织自发慢反应电位的影响。观测指标有：最大舒张电位（maximal diastolic potential,MDP）、动作电位幅度（amplitude of action potential,APA）、0相最大去极速度（maximal rate of depolarization,Vmax）、4相自动去极速度（velocity of diastolic depolarization,VDD）、复极50％时间（50％of duration of action potential,APD50）和90％时间（90％ of duration of action potential,APD50）以及自发放电频率（rate of pacemaker firing,RPF）。结果表明：（1）100μmol／L异丙肾上腺素（isoprenaline,Iso）可使RPF和VDD显著加快（P〈0．01）,MDP绝对值和APA显著增大（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,Vmax加快（P〈0．05）,APD50缩短（P〈0．01）,这些变化均可被5μmol／L心得安拮抗;（2）100μmol／L肾上腺素（epinephrine,E）可使RPF和VDD加快（P＜0．01,P〈0．05）,APA显著增大（P〈0．001）,Vmax加快（P〈0．05）,APD50和APD90缩短（P＜0．05）;（3）100μmol／L去甲肾上腺素（norepinephrine,NE）可使VDD和RPF加快（P＜0．05）,APA显著增大（P〈0．05）,Vmax明显加快（P〈0．05）,APD50缩短（P〈0．05）,这些变化可被100μmol／L酚妥拉明拮抗;（4）10μmol／L ACh可使VDD和RPF减慢（P〈0．05）,APA显著减小（P〈0．01）,APD50缩短（P〈0．05）;ACh对APD50的缩短效应可被10μmol／L阿托品拮抗（P〈0．05）。结果提示：左心室流出道自律细胞膜上可能存在α-肾上腺素能受体（α-adrenergic receptor,α-AR、β-肾上腺素能受体（β-adrenergic receptor,β-AR）以及M型胆碱能受体（muscarinic receptor,MR）,其自律性电活动可能也接受心交感神经和心迷走神经调控。     

Hydroethanolic extract of Psidium guajava leaf for induced osteoarthritis using a guinea pig model

We investigated the therapeutic effects of an extract of Psidium guajava (guava) leaf on experimentally induced osteoarthritis in guinea pig. The left knee of 30 male guinea pigs was anesthetized and the cranial cruciate ligament was severed. The animals were followed for 8 weeks until osteoarthritis was confirmed by radiography and histopathology. Animals were divided randomly into five groups; group 1, the ligament was severed and untreated; group 2, the ligament was severed and treated with piascledine, an extract of soybean and avocado; group 3, the ligament was severed and treated with 200 mg/kg hydroethanolic extract of guava; group 4, the ligament was severed and treated with 400 mg/kg hydroethanolic extract of guava; and group 5, control animals without surgery or extracts. Radiological and histopathological evaluations after 8 weeks showed reduced severity of osteoarthritis in the piascledine treatment group compared to group 1. The guava extract also reduce the severity of osteoarthritis compared to controls. Histopathological examination of treatment and control groups showed that treatment the guava extract improved lesions significantly. Hydroethanolic extracts of guava leaf appears to prevent osteoarthritis by inhibition of free radical formation in the knee joint.     

豚鼠耳蜗中ATP对一氧化氮/环磷酸鸟苷途径的激活作用

实验研究了豚鼠耳蜗中ATP和一氧化氮／环磷酸鸟苷途径(nitric oxide／cyclic guanosine monophosphate,NO／cGMP pathway)的关系。将40只耳廓反射灵敏的健康白色豚鼠随机分为5组,分别对其离体的耳蜗即刻灌流人工外淋巴基础液(artificial perilymph basic solution,APBS)以及溶于人工外淋巴基础液的ATP、一氧化氮合酶抑制剂左旋-N^G-硝基精氨酸(L-N^G-nitroarginine,L-NNA) ATP、可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂1H-[1,2,4]草酸重氮[4,3-a]喹恶啉(1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one,ODQ) ATP和A-23187(Ca^2 载体),收集耳蜗组织标本,利用放射免疫方法测定耳蜗组织中的cGMP的平均含量,比较各组之间耳蜗组织cGMF平均含量的差异。试验结果显示,向刚离体的耳蜗中灌流ATP和A-23187可以引起耳蜗组织中的cGMP含量升高,而灌流L-NNA和ODQ则可以抑制ATP所引起的耳蜗组织中cGMP含量的升高,提示在耳蜗组织中ATP可以通过升高细胞内Ca^2 浓度的作用而激活NO／cGMF途径。从本实验结果可以提出假说：耳蜗中ATP从神经末梢释放,通过提高细胞内Ca^2 的浓度,有激活NO／cGMP途径的作用,而NO／cGMP又能对ATP进行负反馈调节,两者共同调节耳蜗的生理功能,在耳蜗中存在ATP／Ca^2 -NO／cGMP通路。