鄂尔多斯高原碱湖钝顶螺旋藻开发潜力

内蒙古农业大学螺旋藻课题组从1995-2003年经过九年的研究,对内蒙古鄂尔多斯高原碱湖螺旋藻的种质资源进行了系统的研究。其中特别值得一提的是,在我国首次发现了钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis(Nordst.)Geitl),又称节旋藻(Arthrospira platensis(Nordst.)Gomont)。 一、钝顶螺旋藻的生态环境 内蒙古的钝顶螺旋藻分布于鄂尔多斯高原毛乌素沙     

利用工业废水,废气（CO2）和余热培养的螺旋藻生物学特性研究

本文在国内首次报道了利用生产碱的工厂排放的废水、废气(CO_2)和余热资源大量培养螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)及在这样的条件下温度、光照和 pH 对螺旋藻生长的影响。指出利用工业废水、废气(CO_2)和余热资源大规模培养螺旋藻是降低生产成本的理想方案之一。同时说明螺旋藻的生产可能在国民经济中发挥的作用及所具有的潜力。     

利用工业废水、废气（CO2）和余热培养的螺旋藻生物学特性研究

本文在国内首次报道了利用生产碱的工厂排放的废水、废气(C02)和余热资源大量培养螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)及在这样的条件下温度、光照和pH对螺旋藻生长的影响。指出利用工业废水、废气(C02)和余热资源大规模培养螺旋藻是降低生产成本的理想方案之一。同时说明螺旋藻的生产可能在国民经济中发挥的作用及所具有的潜力。     

螺旋藻——一种很有开发前景的藻类资源

螺旋藻是一类微型丝状藻类,对环境具有很强的耐受力,可用于污水体的生物监测和净化处理。更重要的是,螺旋藻具有很高的营养价值,其细胞内富含蛋白质、氨基酸、维生素、矿物质以及多种有益成分。在所有的植物资源中,螺旋藻的蛋白质、氨基酸含量最高。所以。螺旋藻可作为食品和饲料添加剂。螺旋藻还具有很高     

螺旋藻的培养及其分子生物学研究概况

本文评述了螺旋藻的培养及其分子生物学研究的新进展,认为：螺旋藻的生物学特性及其培养得到了广泛的研究,其工厂化生产日趋成熟,封闭式生物反应器的出现将加快螺旋藻产业的发展,螺旋藻的生物活性物质的功能越来越受到人们的重视,其结构与功能的关系进一步深入;分子生物学技术在螺旋藻上的应用将促进藻类学的研究和藻类资源的开发。     

螺旋藻的培养及其分子生物学研究概况

 本文评迷了螺旋藻的培养及其分子生物学研究的新进展。认为：螺旋藻的生物学特性及其培养得到了广泛的研究;其工厂化生产日趋成熟;封闭式生物反应器的出现将加快螺旋藻产业的发展;螺旋藻的生物活性物质的功能越来越受到人们的重视,其结构与功能的关系进一步深入;分子生物学技术在螺旋藻上的应用将促进藻类学的研究和藻类资源的开发。     

螺旋藻的生物化学及其基因工程研究

螺旋藻的生物化学及其基因工程研究李乐农郭宝江（华南师范大学生物技术研究所,广州５１０６３１）关键词螺旋藻基因工程生物活性物质螺旋藻是具有开发前途的绿色食品新资源,因其富含蛋白质、多糖、不饱和脂肪酸等多种营养成分,被认为是人类未来最理想的食品。本世纪６...     

食用蛋白资源——螺旋藻的开发利用

随着现代工业的迅猛发展,世界人口的急剧增加,人类将面临着污染日趋严重、粮食资源紧缺等问题。螺旋藻就是一种能防治环境污染、缓解未来人类饥荒的低等植物。本文概述了具有食用蛋白之称的螺旋藻的生长特性、营养价值以及对其进行综合开发利用的可行性及意义。     

螺旋藻藻种数据库管理系统的设计与实现

螺旋藻属蓝藻门 ( Cyanophyta)、段殖体目 ( Hormogonales)、颤藻科 ( Oscilatoria-ceae)、螺旋藻属 ( Spirulina) [1 ] ,是一种新型的蛋白质资源 ,其蛋白质含量高 ,含有人体必需的氨基酸和丰富的维生素、微量元素及多种活性物质 ,是举世公认的最佳天然营养保健品和 2 1世纪人类最理想的食品之一 [2 ]。目前已知该属有 36个种 ,其中绝大多数为淡水藻类 ,用于工业生产的主要有钝顶螺旋藻 ( Spirulina platensis)和极大螺旋藻 ( Spirulinamaxima) 2种[1 ,3] 。自 1 990年以来 ,国内螺旋藻产业突飞猛进 ,获得了长足发展。要上一个螺旋藻养殖…     

盐泽螺旋藻与其他螺旋藻的比较研究

研究了盐泽螺旋藻的形态、生理生化特性和在不同条件下的生长状况,并与其他螺旋藻进行了比较。盐泽螺旋藻、极大螺旋藻和钝顶螺旋藻在蛋白质的含量、氨基酸组分以及可见光吸收光谱等方面差别不大。盐泽螺旋藻的生长速度最快(世代时间为8.4h)。极大螺旋藻、钝顶螺旋藻1926和钝顶螺旋藻2340的世代时间分别为11、11.8和14.8h。盐泽螺旋藻的光合作用和呼吸作用强度亦大于极大螺旋藻和钝顶螺旋藻。此外,这种藻对盐分和温度还具有较宽的适应范围,在形态上也和其他3种螺旋藻有较大之差异。       

螺旋藻中药用成分的综合开发与应用

综述了螺旋藻中藻蓝蛋白、γ-亚麻酸、螺旋藻多糖、色素等综合开发与应用.     

Molecular classification of commercial Spirulina strains and identification of their sulfolipid biosynthesis genes

Cyanobacterial strains of the genus Spirulina have recently been identified as an excellent source of sulfolipids, some of which possess anti-HIV properties. Thus, to investigate the distribution of sufolipid biosynthesis pathways in Spirulina, a genetic screening/phylogentic study was performed. Five different strains of Spirulina [Spirulina (Jiangmen), Spirulina sp., S. platensis, S. maxima, and Spirulina seawater] sourced from different locations were initially classified via 16S rDNA sequencing, and then screened for the presence of the sulfolipid biosynthesis genes sqdB and sqdX via a PCR. To assess the suitability of these strains for human consumption and safe therapeutic use, the strains were also screened for the presence of genes encoding nonribosomal peptide synthases (NRPSs) and polyketide synthases (PKSs), which are often associated with toxin pathways in cyanobacteria. The results of the 16S rDNA analysis and phylogenetic study indicated that Spirulina sp. is closely related to Halospirulina, whereas the other four Spirulina strains are closely related to Arthrospira. Homologs of sqdB and sqdX were identified in Spirulina (Jiangmen), Spirulina sp., S. platensis, and the Spirulina seawater. None of the Spirulina strains screened in this study tested positive for NRPS or PKS genes, suggesting that these strains do not produce NRP or PK toxins.     

Spirulina ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase. The complete amino acid sequence

The amino acid sequence of ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase [EC 1.18.1.2, FNR] from Spirulina sp., a blue-green alga, was determined. Spirulina ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase was composed of 294 amino acid residues and the molecular weight of the holoenzyme was 34,135. An apparent homology of the amino(N)-terminal region was found between ferredoxin-NADP+ reductases from Spirulina and spinach. We also found some sequence similarities in human erythrocyte glutathione reductase and p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas fluorescens, both of which are NADPH-dependent FAD enzymes.     

Purification and characterization of C-Phycocyanin from cyanobacterial species of marine and freshwater habitat

The present paper describes an efficient single step chromatographic method for purification of C-Phycocyanin from three cyanobacterial species, i.e., Spirulina sp. (freshwater), Phormidium sp. (marine water) and Lyngbya sp. (marine water). C-Phycocyanin from these cyanobacterial species was purified to homogeneity and some of their properties were investigated. The purification involves a multistep treatment of the crude extract by fractional precipitation with ammonium sulfate, followed by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B column. Pure C-Phycocyanin was finally obtained from Spirulina, Phormidium, and Lyngbya spp. with purity ratio (A620/A280) 4.42, 4.43, and 4.59, respectively, further the purity and homogeneity were confirmed by native and SDS-PAGE. The estimated molecular weights of purified C-PC from Spirulina, Phormidium, and Lyngbya spp. were 112, 131, and 81 kDa, respectively. SDS-PAGE of pure C-Phycocyanin yielded two bands corresponding to alpha and beta subunits. The results of SDS-PAGE demonstrate the same molecular weight of beta subunits (24.4 kDa) for all the three cyanobacterial species, whereas the molecular weight of the alpha subunit is different for all (17 kDa Spirulina sp., 19.1 kDa Phormidium sp., 15.2 kDa Lyngbya sp.). Thus, the C-Phycocyanin was characterized as (alphabeta)3 for Spirulina and Phormidium spp., while as (alphabeta)2 for Lyngbya sp.     

螺旋藻的营养方式及光合作用影响因素

本文就螺旋藻的营养方式及光合作用的影响因素作了较为全面的综述。认为螺旋藻细胞不但能进行光合自养和混合营养生长 ,而且在某些特定的环境条件下 ,还能进行异养生长 ;光照强度、光质、温度、金属元素、稀土元素、盐度、藻体细胞浓度、溶氧水平、维生素、激素和磁场等环境因素对螺旋藻细胞的光合性能和细胞产率都有显著影响。     

螺旋藻的营养方式及光合作用影响因素

本文就螺旋藻的营养方式及光合作用的影响因素作了较为全面的综述。认为螺旋藻细胞不但能进行光合自养和混合营养生长，而且在某些特定的环境条件下，还能进行异养生长；光照强度、光质、温度、金属元素、稀土元素、盐度、藻体细胞浓度、溶氧水平、维生素、激素和磁场等环境因素对螺旋藻细胞的光合性能和细胞产率都有显著影响。     

Perforation patterns in the peptidoglycan wall of filamentous cyanobacteria

Ultrastructural studies were made on seven genera of filamentous cyanobacteria from Sections III and IV (in the Rippka classification): Oscillatoria limosa Ag. ex Gomont, Spirulina subsalsa Turp. ex Gomont, Crinalium epipsammum Crow, Nostoc commune Vaucher ex Born. et Flah., Anabaena variabilis Kützinger ex Born. et Flah., Arthrospira maxima Stizenb. ex Gomont, Arthrospira platensis Stizenb. ex Gomont, and Cyanospira rippkae Florenzano. Perforation types and their distribution in the peptidoglycan layer observed in Crinalium epipsammum Crow were similar to those in Oscillatoria limosa and two Arthrospira strains. In Cyanospira and Anabaena no junctional perforations in the peptidoglycan wall layer were observed; however, intracellular perforations were documented. Except for Spirulina , the perforations were organized in rows (up to 10) placed on both sides of the cross wall. In the Spirulina cross sections, perforations were found only in the thickened, inner part of the cell wall. The perforation patterns in Spirulina and Arthrospira strains were clearly different and justify the separation into different genera.     

Properties of the cyanobacterial coupling factor ATPase from Spirulina platensis. II. Activity of the purified and membrane-bound enzymes

Cyanobacterial (Spirulina platensis) photosynthetic membranes and isolated F1 ATPase were characterized with respect to ATP activity. The following results indicate that the regulation of expression of ATPase activity in Spirulina platensis is similar to that found in chloroplasts: the ATPase activity of Spirulina membranes and isolated F1 ATPase is mostly latent, a characteristic of chloroplast ATPase activity; treatments that elicit ATPase activity in higher plant chloroplast thylakoids and isolated chloroplast coupling factor (CF1) greatly stimulate the activity of Spirulina membranes and F1, and the cation specificity of chloroplast ATPase activity, e. g., light-induced membrane activity that is magnesium dependent and trypsin-activated CF1 activity that is calcium dependent, is also observed in Spirulina. Thus, an 8- to 15-fold increase in specific activity (to 13-15 mumol Pi min-1 mg chl-1) is obtained when Spirulina membranes are treated with trypsin (CaATPase) or with methanol (MgATPase): a light-induced, dithiothreitol-dependent MgATPase activity is also found in the membranes. Purified Spirulina F1 is a CaATPase when activated with trypsin (endogenous activity increases from 4 to 27-37 mumol Pi min-1 mg protein-1) or with dithiothreitol (5.6 mumol Pi min-1 mg-1), but a MgATPase when assayed with methanol (18-20 mumol Pi min-1 mg-1). The effects of varying calcium and ATP concentrations on the kinetics of trypsin-induced CaATPase activity of Spirulina F1 were examined. When the calcium concentration is varied at constant ATP concentration, the velocity plot shows a marked sigmoidicity. By varying Ca-ATP metal-nucleotide complex concentration at constant concentrations of free calcium or ATP, it is shown that the sigmoidicity is due to the effect of free ATP, which changes the Hill constant to 1.6 from 1.0 observed when the free calcium concentration is kept constant at 5 mM. Therefore not only is ATP an inhibitor but it is also an allosteric effector of Spirulina F1 ATPase activity. At 5 mM free calcium, the Km for teh Ca-ATP metal-nucleotide complex is 0.42 mM.     

The ontogeny of Pseudis platensis (Anura,Hylidae): Heterochrony and the effects of larval development on postmetamorphic life

Recent studies have described the giant tadpole, delayed metamorphic transformations, and absence of postmetamorphic growth of the skeleton of Pseudis Platensis. These features address questions about derived patterns of life cycles and the role of the heterochrony during the metamorphosis in anurans. Using anatomical methods, we provide new data on the development of reproductive, digestive and integument systems, and age inference obtained from ontogenetic series of Pseudis platensis. Our results indicate that at the end of metamorphosis, the adult skin is completely differentiated, including the calcified dermal layer; the testis has seminiferous tubules with spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids; ovarian sacs present previtellogenic ova; and the adult digestive tract is fully formed. The froglets differ from adults only in being unable to reproduce. The entire life cycle of P. platensis can occur in 4 years. In the first year, larval development, growth to adult size, and gonad differentiation are completed. Long larval development rather than size of the tadpoles seems to be involved in the absence of juvenile stages. J. Morphol., 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Spirulina industry in China: Present status and future prospects

The Spirulina industry in China is developing rapidly as a national strategic programme. Currently, there are more than 80 production factories, with a total annual production of more than 350 t dry powder and total production area of over 106 m2. Spirulina products are being used as food, forage and medicine. The low unit area output and non-consistent product quality call for further research on photosynthesis, strain selection and photobioreactor development, as well as product standardization and quality assurance. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.