黄淮海平原高产田作物群体结构特征

本文利用实测资料分析了高产田作物群体结构特征。精播高产栽培麦田春季最大蘖数12×10~6/ha,群体最大叶面积指数5.5—6.0,成穗4.5—5.25×10~6/ha。传统高产栽培麦田春季最大蘖数15—18×10~6/ha,群体最大叶面积指数6.0—6.5,成穗6.0—7.5×10~6/ha。小麦营养生长与生殖生长期叶日积比,精播高产栽培麦田是1∶0.89,传统高产栽培麦田为1∶0.73。夏玉米种植密度主要受叶倾角的影响。紧凑型玉米品种的叶倾角大于65°,种植密度7.5—8.25×10~4/ha;平展型玉米品种的叶倾角小于50°,种植密度5.25—6.0×10~4/ha。     

陇中半干旱区农业生态系统及其综合增产技术对策研究

我省半干旱农业区主要分布在中部18个县,总土地面积为6.96×10~4km~2,占全省面积的15.4%,总人口5.74×10~6人,占全省人口的31.4%。由于地处半湿润易旱和干旱农业(即灌溉农业)区的过渡带,农业生态系统的稳定性异常脆弱,可控程度较差,农业结构单一,生产力低下。如何发掘该区的自然资源生产潜力,改进农业生产技术装备,提高其生产机能     

安徽涡阳县桐农间作类型及其效益分析

一、概况涡阳县位于黄淮平原南部,安徽省的西北部。全县土地面积2.09×10~5ha,其中耕地面积1.44×10~5ha。人口105万。本县属暖温带半湿润季风气候区,年平均气温14.6℃,降水量824mm,蒸发量1974.5mm。太阳辐射总量5.22×10~5J·m~(-2)。气候温和,水热同季,     

充分利用福建滨海沙滩植被资源发展种植业

福建滨海沙滩位于北纬23°37′—27°10′范围,面积约5.33×10~4ha,已植防护林近2.0×10~4ha,尚约有3.34×10~4ha 未开发利用,其中分布于闽江口以南岸段和岛屿约2.86×10~4ha,     

青海柴达木盆地气候生态资源特点和农业开发

柴达木盆地位于青海高原西北部,面积为2.5×10~5km~2,海拔3000m,周围山系海拔5400—6000m,较毗邻新疆塔里木盆地高2000m 左右,为我国海拔最高的内陆高原盆地。有可利用草场约6.67×10~6ha。耕地约6.0×10~4ha,作物主要为春小麦,分布于东南和东北部荒漠绿     

双向转换的系统结构调控方法与半干旱地区的农作物布局

一、临猗县农业生产条件特点及存在问题临猗县位于山西西南部,是晋南盆地中的一个大县。全县面积1356km~2,耕地1.0×10~5ha,水浇地5.27×10~4ha,占耕地的52.7%,人均占有耕地0.227ha。地势平坦,土地肥沃,农业生产条件较好。年降水量为500mm 左右,最高年份曾达到849.8mm,其中5—10月份的降雨量为450mm 左右,同期≥10℃的活动积温在     

辽宁中南地区环境质量状况及生态建设战略问题

辽宁中南地区(或辽南经济区),系指辽宁中部平原地区以沈阳为中心的中部城市群和大连沿海城市组群的广大区域,所辖10个市30个县,土地面积9.44×10~4km~2,占全省总土地面积的64.2%,人口2673万人,占全省总人口的73.1%,工农业总产值5.934×10~(10)元,占全省的84%。这个地区自然地理位置优越,前有以大连为中心的临海港口城市组群为“窗口”,后有重工业基地中部城市群为“腹地”,工业基础雄厚,农业生产商品率高,石油、矿产和旅游资源丰富,交通发达,技术力量强,开发潜力大,是辽宁省经济最发达的地区,也是我国国土整治重点地区之一。随着经济建设和资源的开发使这一地区出现了一系列生态与环境问题,这些问题不仅对经济建设、人群健康、生态环境带来了影响和破坏,而且有的已成为制约经济发展的重大问题。为此,     

盐碱荒滩栽种沙枣的生态意义

新疆有盐碱荒地8.6×10~6ha,占可耕荒地40%。在全疆耕地中盐碱地(含次生盐渍化)占30%以上。因此,选好适宜盐碱土栽培树种,发展在该类土地上种草种树,对提高干旱区植物覆盖率,改善干旱区生态环境,促进农牧业生产发展,使生态环境向良性循环发展具有重大意义。据1985年底统计,人工栽种沙枣(Elaeagnus moorcroftii)7.4×10~4ha。喀什地区疏勒县羊大曼乡己建成沙枣林(又称双层草场)3026.7ha,户均有沙枣林0.6ha,人均有沙枣828株。沙枣在南疆深受群众重视,一方面是它有广泛的用途,有较高的经济价值,更重要的是它在土壤中度盐化下比柳树、榆树、杨树和白蜡树能适应于盐碱荒滩栽种,可起到改良土     

浅谈农田生态与水稻病虫害之关系

湖南素以“鱼米之乡”著称。全省拥有耕地面积3.47×10~6ha,1986年水稻播种面积4.33×10~6ha,总产2.6316×10~(10)kg。水稻各个生育时期都有病虫发生。现就影响病虫种群结构的几项主要生态因素分述如下。     

黄土高原贫困地区农田能量效率与提高途径

黄土高原贫困地区主要分布于吕梁山以西至兰州以东的丘陵山区。贫困县有102个,人口2300万,农耕地4.67×10~8ha多,分别占黄土高原总县数的35.7%,总人口的35%,耕地面积的37.5%。其中连片的有山西吕梁山区、陕西榆林地区、宁夏西海固地区及甘肃定西地区。该贫困地区水土流失面积占80%以上,侵蚀模数为5000-1.0×10~4 t·km~(-2),年降水量300—55mm,干旱缺水,主要土壤为侵蚀黑     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.