NF-κB在腹部肠管火器伤后肝组织中的表达及意义

目的:探讨NF-κB在腹部火器伤肠管穿透后肝组织中的变化及意义。方法:42头健康长白仔猪随机等分为对照组和伤后1h、2h、4h、8h、12h和24h组,实验组建立腹部肠管火器伤模型后,用免疫组化图像分析法测定各组肝内NF-κB的表达,同时测定血清中ALT、AST水平,光镜下观察各组肝脏组织学变化。结果:实验组肝内NF-κB活性明显高于对照组,并于伤后1h和8h出现2个高峰(P<0.05)。实验组出现逐渐加重的肝细胞水肿、变性、坏死,血清ALT、AST水平在伤后明显升高,并于伤后2h和12h出现2个高峰(P<0.05)。结论:NF-κB的活化在腹部火器伤肠管穿透后继发性肝损伤中扮演着重要角色。     

NF—κB、TNF-α仪在腹部火器伤肠管穿透后肝损伤机制中的作用

目的：探讨核因子-καB、肿瘤坏死因子-α在腹部火器伤肠管穿透后肝损伤中的作用。方法：健康长白仔猪42头随机等分为对照组和伤后1h、2h、4h、8h、12h和24h组,实验组建立腹部火器伤肠管穿透模型后,用免疫组化图像分析法测定各组肝内NF-κB、TNF-α表达,同时测定肝细胞凋亡和血清中ALT变化情况,在光镜下观察各组肝脏组织学变化。结果：伤后各组肝内NF-κB表达、TNF-α表达、肝细胞凋亡指数和血清ALT水平明显高于对照组,NF-κB表达于伤后1h和8h出现2个高峰（P〈0、05）;TNF-α表达、肝细胞凋亡指数和血清ALT水平于伤后2h和12h出现2个高峰（P〈0．05）;且第2个高峰值均大于第1个高峰值（P〈0．05）。伤后1h,2h、4h组出现逐渐加重的肝细胞水肿、变性,伤后8h、12h、24h组出现逐渐加重的肝细胞点状坏死、灶状坏死和炎细胞浸润,对照组光镜下未见明显的损伤性变化。结论：腹部火器伤肠管穿透后,NF-κB可能在促进肝细胞凋亡的同时使TNF-α仪表达增多来共同介导肝损伤。     

内毒素血症在腹部火器伤肠管穿透后肝损伤中的作用

目的:探讨血浆内毒素在腹部火器伤肠管穿透后肝损伤中的作用.方法:健康长白仔猪42头随机等分为对照组和伤后1h、2h、4h、8h、12h和24h组,实验组建立腹部火器伤肠管穿透模型后,用显色基质鲎试剂法检测各组血浆内毒素水平,用免疫组化图像分析法测定各组肝内TNF-α含量,同时测定血清中ALT水平变化情况,在光镜下观察各组肝脏组织学变化.结果:伤后各组血浆内毒素水平、肝组织TNF-α的表达及血清ALT水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.05).血浆内毒素水平于伤后8h出现高峰,伤后12h仍维持在高峰值水平;伤后各组出现逐渐加重的肝细胞水肿、变性、坏死,肝组织NTF-α含量及血清ALT水平均于伤后2h和12h出现2个高峰.相关分析表明,伤后肝组织TNF-α含量与血浆内毒素及血清ALT水平均呈正相关(r值分别为0.802、0.895,P<0.06).结论:腹部火器伤肠穿孔后内毒素血症可引起肝内TNF-α含量增高来介导继发性肝损伤的发生.     

核因子-KB在腹部火器伤肠管穿透后肺组织细胞凋亡中的作用

目的：探讨腹部火器伤肠管穿透后核因子-κB在肺组织细胞凋亡中的作用,了解腹部火器伤肠管穿透后继发性肺损伤机制。方法：健康长白仔猪42头随机等分为对照组和伤后1h、2h、4h、8h、12h和24h组,实验组建立腹部火器伤肠管穿透模型后,用免疫组化图像分析法测定各组肺组织内NF-κB活性,同时用TUNEL测定肺组织细胞凋亡变化情况。结果：伤后各组肺组织内NF-κB活性明显高于对照组,并于伤后8h出现高峰。肺组织细胞凋亡指数伤后显著增高（P〈0.05）,并与NF-κB活性变化基本一致。结论：腹部火器伤肠管穿透后肺组织内NF-κB活性增强,肺细胞凋亡增多,从而继发导致肺损伤     

沙漠干热环境下猪腹部肠管火器伤后肝脏功能和形态的变化

目的:观察沙漠干热环境下猪腹部火器伤肠管穿透后肝脏功能和形态的变化。方法:沙漠干热环境组和常温环境组各健康长白仔猪42头随机等分为对照组和伤后1h、2h、4h、8h、12h和24h组,实验组建立腹部火器伤肠管穿透模型后,分别测定各组动物血清中AST水平,并与对照组比较。在光镜下观察各组肝脏组织学变化,电镜下观察肝脏超微结构改变。结果:伤后各组血清AST水平均高于对照组,并于伤后2h出现第1个高峰,沙漠干热环境组和常温环境组分别于伤后8h和12h出现第2个高峰。沙漠干热组和常温组分别于伤后4h和8h开始出现肝细胞的坏死和超微结构的明显变化。结论:沙漠干热环境下腹部肠管火器伤后肝脏结构和功能损伤的发生均较常温组提前,提示在沙漠干热环境下腹部火器伤更要及早对肝损伤采取相应的保护措施。     

NF-κB、TNF-α在腹部火器伤肠管穿透后肝损伤机制中的作用

目的:探讨核因子-καB、肿瘤坏死因子-α在腹部火器伤肠管穿透后肝损伤中的作用.方法:健康长白仔猪42头随机等分为对照组和伤后1 h、2h、4h、8h、12h和24h组,实验组建立腹部火器伤肠管穿透模型后,用免疫组化图像分析法测定各组肝内NF-κB、TNF-α表达,同时测定肝细胞凋亡和血清中ALT变化情况,在光镜下观察各组肝脏组织学变化.结果:伤后各组肝内NF-κ B表达、TNF-α表达、肝细胞凋亡指数和血清ALT水平明显高于对照组,NF-κB表达于伤后1h和8h出现2个高峰(P＜0.05);TNF-α表达、肝细胞凋亡指数和血清ALT水平于伤后2h和12h出现2个高峰(P＜0.05);且第2个高峰值均大于第1个高峰值(P＜0.05.伤后1h、2h、4h组出现逐渐加重的肝细胞水肿、变性,伤后8h、12h、24h组出现逐渐加重的肝细胞点状坏死、灶状坏死和炎细胞浸润,对照组光镜下未见明显的损伤性变化.结论:腹部火器伤肠管穿透后,NF-κB可能在促进肝细胞凋亡的同时使TNF-α表达增多来共同介导肝损伤.     

猪腹部肠管火器伤后肠源性内毒素血症与胃损伤

目的:探讨腹部火器伤肠管穿透后胃的损伤性变化.方法:健康长白仔猪42头随机等分为对照组和腹部火器伤肠管穿透伤后1h、2h、4h、8h、12h和24h实验组.测定各组动物血浆内毒素,光镜下观察各组胃的组织形态学变化.结果:实验组各组血浆内毒素水平均明显高于对照组,内毒素于伤后8小时出现高峰,伤后12小时仍维持在高峰值水平(p<0.05);伤后各组出现逐渐加重的胃粘膜下充血、水肿,12h、24h组出现炎细胞浸润、浆膜下出血.结论:腹部火器伤肠管穿透后,胃损伤性变化随时间延长而加重;肠源性内毒素血症在火器伤后继发性胃损伤中可能起重要作用.     

核因子-κB 在腹部火器伤肠管穿透后肺组织细胞凋亡中的作用*

目的:探讨腹部火器伤肠管穿透后核因子-κB在肺组织细胞凋亡中的作用,了解腹部火器伤肠管穿透后继发性肺损伤机制。方法:健康长白仔猪42头随机等分为对照组和伤后1h、2h、4h、8h、12h和24h组,实验组建立腹部火器伤肠管穿透模型后,用免疫组化图像分析法测定各组肺组织内NF-κB活性,同时用TUNEL测定肺组织细胞凋亡变化情况。结果:伤后各组肺组织内NF-κB活性明显高于对照组,并于伤后8h出现高峰。肺组织细胞凋亡指数伤后显著增高(P<0.05),并与NF-κB活性变化基本一致。结论:腹部火器伤肠管穿透后肺组织内NF-κB活性增强,肺细胞凋亡增多,从而继发导致肺损伤。     

沙漠干热环境腹部肠管火器伤后肝脏COX-2的表达与肝细胞凋亡的关系研究

目的：探讨沙漠干热环境下猪腹部肠管火器伤后肝脏环氧化酶-2（COX-2）的表达与肝细胞凋亡之间的关系。方法：沙漠干热环境组和常温环境组各42头长白仔猪随机等分为对照组和伤后1h、2h、4h、8h、12h和24h组7个时间组,实验各组在建立腹部肠管火器伤模型后,用免疫组化图像分析法测定各组肝组织COX-2的表达,采用TUNEL法观察肝细胞凋亡情况,并检测血清ALT的变化。结果：沙漠干热环境组和常温环境组中各实验组COX-2表达水平及肝细胞凋亡率均明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）;在沙漠干热环境组,各实验组肝脏COX-2表达水平明显高于相对应的常温组（P〈0．01）,肝细胞凋亡率在1h、2h、4h、8h明显高于相对应的常温组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;肝脏COX-2的表达水平和肝细胞凋亡率在沙漠干热环境组和常温组中的第1个高峰值均出现在伤后2h组,沙漠干热环境组的第2个高峰值出现在伤后8h组,而常温环境组的第2个高峰出现在伤后12h组;血清ALT的变化趋势与COX-2的表达及细胞凋亡的趋势相似,肝脏COX-2表达水平和肝细胞凋亡率在沙漠干热环境组和常温环境组均具有相关性,相关系数分别为0．973和0．945,（P〈0．01）。结论：沙漠干热环境腹部肠管火器伤后肝脏COX-2的水平明显高于常温组,COX-2的表达与肝细胞凋亡的变化趋势一致,且密切相关,提示在沙漠干热环境腹部肠管火器伤后COX-2可能通过促进肝细胞凋亡在继发性肝脏损害过程中起重要作用。     

内毒素和细胞因子在腹部火器伤肠管穿透后血液中的变化及意义

目的：探讨内毒素和细胞因子在腹部火器伤肠管穿透后血液中的变化规律及意义。方法：健康长白仔猪42头随机等分为对照组和伤后1h、2h、4h、8h、12h和24h组,实验组建立腹部火器伤肠管穿透模型后,用显色基质鲎试剂法检测各组血浆内毒素水平,采用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定各组动物血清TNF-α、IL-6水平,并观察各个时间点的体温变化。结果：实验各组的血浆内毒素水平及血清TNF-α、IL-6水平均明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）,血浆内毒素于伤后8h达到高峰,伤后12h仍维持在高峰值水平（P〈0.05）;血清TNF-α在伤后12h为（94.36±10.18）ng/L,IL-6在伤后12h为（1218.35±74.00）ng/L,二者均于伤后12h达到高峰并与伤后血浆内毒素水平变化一致。伤后动物体温逐渐升高,在伤后12h、24h实验组的平均体温达40℃以上。结论：腹部火器伤肠穿孔后内毒素血症可能诱导了血液中TNF-α、IL-6的产生,并参与了腹部肠管火器伤后机体的病理生理过程。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.