乙氧基磷酸酯类有机磷农药单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

制备针对乙氧基磷酸酯类有机磷农药的单克隆抗体,以此为基础建立该类农药的快速免疫筛选检测方法．以二乙基磷酸乙酸为通用结构半抗原,分别使之与牛血清白蛋白和鸡卵清蛋白共价偶联,合成免疫原和包被原并对其进行结构鉴定．偶联成功后的免疫原用于免疫Balb/c小鼠．将免疫成功小鼠的脾细胞与小鼠SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,筛选能稳定分泌抗乙氧基磷酸酯类有机磷农药单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株．获得的小鼠腹水用辛酸-硫酸铵法纯化,所得纯化抗体以琼脂双扩散法鉴定其免疫球蛋白类型,间接竞争ELISA方法测定其对半抗原的灵敏度、特异性和亲和性．结果表明,该抗体分泌IgG1亚类的单克隆抗体,且与二乙基磷酸乙酸的亲和性较高(1.4×10⁷ L/mol),所得抗体对毒死蜱、对硫磷、丙溴磷、氧化乐果、除线磷、二嗪农、溴硫磷、辛硫磷、喹硫磷、三唑磷等农药有特异性反应．该检测技术可用于上述农药的快速定性或定量检测．     

单克隆抗体药物与血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗

单克隆抗体凭借其特异性强、副作用较小的优点,越来越广泛地应用于疾病的诊断与治疗。单克隆抗体药物在血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗中也发挥了重要作用。目前,经美国食品与药品管理局(FDA)批准用于治疗血液系统恶性肿瘤的单克隆抗体药物已有六种,在临床取得良好的治疗效果。单克隆抗体药物主要通过对肿瘤细胞的直接杀伤作用、抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒性反应(ADCC)、补体依赖性细胞毒性反应(CDC)和改变信号通路等机制达到治疗肿瘤的效果。另外,将单克隆抗体与放射性核素、化疗药物和毒素等偶联,用于肿瘤等疾病的靶向治疗研究,成为生物治疗领域的热点。该文对近年来国际上用于血液系统恶性肿瘤治疗的单克隆抗体药物进行了概括和总结,讨论了治疗性单克隆抗体药物存在的问题和应用前景。     

微孔板蛋白质芯片技术应用于单克隆抗体分型研究

设计与构建了可用于单克隆抗体分型鉴定的微孔板蛋白质芯片,利用该芯片进行了12株单克隆抗体和2种多克隆抗体的分型鉴定,并与ELISA方法进行了对比。结果表明,蛋白质芯片方法对单克隆抗体和多克隆抗体进行鉴定的结果,与ELISA方法进行鉴定的结果一致;与ELISA方法相比,蛋白质芯片的方法降低了试剂与样品的用量,缩短了工作时间,提高了工作效率。对于高通量的单克隆抗体制备体系,单克隆抗体分型蛋白质芯片是一种敏感、快捷的分型鉴定工具。     

与顶体反应相关的抗人精子单克隆抗体及其抗原的特性 Ⅱ单克隆抗体对精子功能的影响以及抗原定位与免疫印迹

精子只有经过获能和顶体反应,才能与卵融合。本文对以体外诱导的顶体反应人精子作为免疫原制备的23个单克隆抗体进行了一系列鉴定,结果表明:所得单克隆抗体的间接免疫荧光染色,主要定位在人精子的赤道板和中段,没有发现定位于顶体及顶体后的单克隆抗体。某些单克隆抗体的间接免疫荧光染色部位在顶体反应后发生了改变。有18个单克隆抗体显示程度不同的精子凝集作用,未发现有精子制动作用的单克隆抗体。免疫印迹证实,有9个单克隆抗体的靶抗原是蛋白质类物质。     

蛋白质芯片技术应用于高通量单克隆抗体制备研究

针对在传统的单克隆抗体制备过程中进行特异性筛选时大量的人力消耗,建立了一种联合应用蛋白质芯片进行单克隆抗体制备的方法。用8种重组蛋白分别免疫BALB/c小鼠,在传统的细胞融合的基础上,将8种抗原免疫的杂交瘤阳性细胞混合后进行克隆化、蛋白质芯片筛选,阳性细胞有限稀释克隆化制备相关抗体。实验结果：混合克隆化共得到单克隆细胞175孔,经蛋白质芯片筛选出阳性孔119孔,选择针对单一抗原阳性的细胞连续2轮克隆化,8种重组蛋白各获得单克隆抗体细胞株1株。与经典的单克隆抗体制备相比,蛋白质芯片筛选与混合克隆化技术联合应用于单克隆抗体制备,1个筛选周期获得了8种重组蛋白的单克隆抗体细胞株,提高了单克隆抗体的制备效率,节省了在筛选中的抗原用量,提供了一种经济、快速、简便的方法。     

蛋白质芯片技术应用于高通量单克隆抗体制备研究

针对在传统的单克隆抗体制备过程中进行特异性筛选时大量的人力消耗,建立了一种联合应用蛋白质芯片进行单克隆抗体制备的方法。用8种重组蛋白分别免疫BALB/c小鼠,在传统的细胞融合的基础上,将8种抗原免疫的杂交瘤阳性细胞混合后进行克隆化、蛋白质芯片筛选,阳性细胞有限稀释克隆化制备相关抗体。实验结果:混合克隆化共得到单克隆细胞175孔,经蛋白质芯片筛选出阳性孔119孔,选择针对单一抗原阳性的细胞连续2轮克隆化,8种重组蛋白各获得单克隆抗体细胞株1株。与经典的单克隆抗体制备相比,蛋白质芯片筛选与混合克隆化技术联合应用于单克隆抗体制备,1个筛选周期获得了8种重组蛋白的单克隆抗体细胞株,提高了单克隆抗体的制备效率,节省了在筛选中的抗原用量,提供了一种经济、快速、简便的方法。     

单克隆抗体在畜禽病毒性传染病研究中的应用

着重阐述了单克隆抗体在畜禽病毒性传染病研究中的应用现状,单克隆抗体在病毒抗原结构与抗原表位研究、以及在畜禽病毒性传染病诊断和抗病毒治疗方面的应用,对当前单克隆抗体研究所面临的一些问题和研究方向做了分析。     

单克隆抗体在植物研究中的应用

单克隆抗体是现代生命科学研究的重要工具。随着分子生物学的发展,单克隆抗体在植物研究中发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文综述了单克隆抗体在蛋白表达、蛋白定位、蛋白相互作用、植物成分的定性与定量、植物成分纯化、植物病害检测、标签抗体等方面研究中的应用。     

单克隆抗体的研究进展

单克隆抗体是一种由骨髓瘤细胞和带有抗体的B淋巴细胞结合形成的杂交瘤细胞,简称单抗。首先,本文对单克隆抗体的研究发展历程进行了分析和探讨,指出单克隆抗体的发展历程包括鼠源性单抗、嵌合抗体、人源化抗体以及人源性抗体这四大阶段,分别对其优缺点进行了说明;接下来,又对单克隆抗体在临床上的应用进行了说明,从疾病诊断方面及疾病的治疗两方面进行探讨。     

单克隆抗体和功能细胞株的进展和应用

本书为专论单克隆抗体杂交瘤专著:这还是生物分析研究领域中开辟的新的领域。该书重点介绍了重组单克隆抗体和分子遗传分析技术,阐述了在分子水平上研究基因和基因产物的结构与功能的相互关系,并进一步介绍了单克隆抗体在医学领域中应用的潜力。本书可供遗传学、免疫学、生物工程学、医学、分子生物学等科研和教学人员参考。     

The production and evaluation of monoclonal antibodies to Clostridium perfringens type D epsilon toxin

The production of five monoclonal antibodies to the epsilon prototoxin of Clostridium perfringens is described. All five monoclonal antibodies located three proteins in a trypsinized preparation of epsilon prototoxin. These proteins were located at 37.6 kDal, 35.6 kDal and 33.7 kDal by Western blots. Two of the monoclonal antibodies, M26/2 and M27/12, neutralized epsilon toxin in the mouse lethality assay. Four of the five monoclonal antibodies are considered suitable as reagents to detect epsilon toxin in assay procedures.     

Cross-reactive and specific monoclonal antibodies against cellobiohydrolases I and II and endoglucanases I and II of Trichoderma reesei

Splenocytes derived from mice inoculated with a commercial cellulase preparation or purified cellulases were fused with a stable myeloma cell line (SP2/0). Specific monoclonal antibodies to cellobiohydrolases I and II and endoglucanases I and II were established. In addition to specific monoclonal antibodies, we were also able to establish stable hybridoma cell lines which produced monoclonal antibodies that recognized similar epitopes possessed by two or more of the above cellulases. By obtaining monospecific antibodies for all four individual cellulases, the role and function of the individual cellulases can thus be studied in greater detail.     

Cross-reactive and specific monoclonal antibodies against cellobiohydrolases I and II and endoglucanases I and II of Trichoderma reesei.

Splenocytes derived from mice inoculated with a commercial cellulase preparation or purified cellulases were fused with a stable myeloma cell line (SP2/0). Specific monoclonal antibodies to cellobiohydrolases I and II and endoglucanases I and II were established. In addition to specific monoclonal antibodies, we were also able to establish stable hybridoma cell lines which produced monoclonal antibodies that recognized similar epitopes possessed by two or more of the above cellulases. By obtaining monospecific antibodies for all four individual cellulases, the role and function of the individual cellulases can thus be studied in greater detail.     

Production of highly specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies using estradiol-3-O-carboxymethyl ether as hapten

The preparation of high affinity and high specificity polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to estradiol is described. Monoclonal antibodies were derived from BALB/c mice hyperimmunized with estradiol-3-O-carboxymethyl ether conjugated to bovine serum albumin. Spleen cells were hybridized with mouse myeloma cells. Quite a few monoclonal antibodies showed very good affinity for estradiol. Extended immunization and hyperimmunization were essential for producing a greater number of positive clones secreting high affinity antibodies. Binding constants of the antisera and their cross-reactivities with related steroids were calculated. Both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies showed very high affinity for estradiol exhibiting little or no cross-reactivities with structurally related steroids indicating that this site of linkage is a good choice for discriminating between differences at the 16-17 position in the D-ring. This monoclonal antibody (44.28.6), having negligible cross-reactivity with estriol and estrone, can be used for diagnostic purposes.     

人B细胞永生化研究进展

人源单克隆抗体具有免疫原性低、半衰期长等优势,成为了体内应用中不可或缺的生物制剂.人类抗体库为人源单克隆抗体的制备提供了丰富的来源,人B细胞永生化是获得人类抗体库的潜在有效方法,可应用于人源单克隆抗体的制备.由于各平台均有亟待解决的问题,基于人B细胞永生化的抗体制备尚局限在实验室研究阶段,且目前尚缺乏一篇系统综述以明确...     

金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素C3单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的制备稳定分泌抗金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素C3（SEC3）单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,并对单克隆抗体的性质进行鉴定。方法以SEC3重组蛋白免疫Balb／c小鼠,应用细胞融合技术将小鼠的脾细胞与sR／0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,经间接ELISA法检测筛选及2次有限稀释法克隆化培养,获得目的杂交瘤细胞株,并对其所产生的单克隆抗体进行效价、亲和常数及抗原识别表位等相关性质的鉴定。结果最终获得了两株能分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞1C12和2A2,两者细胞培养上清的效价分别为1：3200和1：1600。经分析可知1C12细胞株的亲和力高于2A2细胞株,同时相加实验表明两个单克隆抗体识别抗原表位相同。结论单克隆抗体制备成功,为进一步完善肠毒素SEC3的临床检测奠定了基础。     

Preparation of mycoplasma immunogens from plants and a comparison of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies made against primula yellows MLO-associated antigens

A method is described for obtaining from plants partially purified preparations of mycoplasma-like organisms (MLO) which are suitable for use as immunogens for polyclonal or monoclonal antibody production, and as antigens for directly coating ELISA plates. Using this method a mouse monoclonal antibody to primula yellows MLO was prepared, and its characteristics compared with those of primula yellows polyclonal antibodies from rabbits and also against polyclonal antibodies made to similar preparations of European aster yellows MLO. No serological distinction was obtained between any of the homologous or heterologous combinations of antibody and MLO preparation using ELISA, fluorescence microscopy with FITC-labelled antibodies, or immunoprobes of western blots of partially purified MLO preparations. By contrast, there were no cross-reactions between the primula or aster yellows antibodies or MLO preparations and preparations of clover phyllody or tomato big bud MLOs or their respective polyclonal antibodies. The primula yellows MLO monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, and also the European aster yellows MLO polyclonal antibodies, all appeared to recognize only a single major antigen of approximate M, = 22 400 daltons. Some possible explanations for the apparent specificity of the polyclinic antisera for a single antigen, and the relevance to MLO preparation procedures are discussed.     

Biochemical and immunochemical analysis of gangliosides of human small cell lung carcinoma: production of monoclonal antibodies against a unique marker of small cell lung carcinoma, ganglioside Fuc GM1

Immunization of mice with a pure preparation of the ganglioside adsorbed on Salmonella typhimurium and hybridization of splenocytes with myeloma P3-X63-Ag 8.653 have resulted in hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies against ganglioside Fuc GM1, a marker of human small cell lung carcinoma. Characterization of four hybridomal clones and data on the antigenic specificity of the monoclonal antibodies are given. All four monoclonal antibodies reacted only with Fuc GM1 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In radioimmunodetection of the antigen on thin-layer plates, two of the four monoclonal antibodies gave cross-reactions with Fuc GD1b. The obtained monoclonal antibodies have revealed the presence of Fuc GM1 in all seven cases of small cell lung carcinoma we have studied and the absence of Fuc GM1 in the normal human lung tissue and in lung adenocarcinomas.     

Purification of Neuronal Cell Surface Proteins and Generation of Epitope-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies Against Cell Adhesion Molecules

To establish a procedure for the purification of a broad spectrum of cell surface proteins, three separate methods based on different principles were compared with the aid of four marker proteins. Membrane preparation by sedimentation-flotation centrifugation, temperature-induced phase separation with Triton X-114, and lectin affinity chromatography were used separately as well as in combination. The two-step procedure of membrane preparation and lectin affinity chromatography provided by far the best enrichment of cell surface marker proteins. This result was further substantiated by screening greater than 6,600 hybridoma cultures that originated from mice that had been immunized with protein fractions obtained by different purification protocols. In addition, it was found that solubilized glycoproteins used as immunogens led to many more cell surface-specific monoclonal antibodies than glycoproteins immobilized on lectin-agarose beads. Three monoclonal antibodies that recognize distinct epitopes of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) were isolated. Monoclonal antibody C4 bound to a detergent-labile epitope of G4 (neuron-glia CAM). Monoclonal antibody D1 recognized specifically nonreduced neural CAM (N-CAM) with intact disulfide bridges, and monoclonal antibody D3 recognized only the 180-kilodalton isoform of N-CAM. Because of these specificities, these monoclonal antibodies promise to be useful tools for the elucidation of the structural organization of adhesion molecules.     

Immunologic characterization and molecular profile of carcinoembryonic antigen detected by monoclonal antibodies

Four distinct monoclonal antibodies, which reacted with CEA preparations but not with nonspecific cross-reacting antigen or with nonspecific cross-reacting antigen 2, were established. Except for monoclonal antibody AS001 , all of these monoclonal antibodies immunoprecipitated molecular forms of 200K and 180K daltons that are not bridged by disulfide bonds. Immunodepletion experiments and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that these monoclonal antibodies recognized the same antigenic structure when 125I-CEA preparation was used. Monoclonal antibody AS001 is of particular interest, because this antibody reacted only with a 200K dalton molecule which is a part of the molecules recognized by the other three monoclonal antibodies. The rosette inhibition assay and the immunoprecipitation experiments suggest that each monoclonal antibody recognizes a different antigenic determinant. The antigenic determinants recognized by monoclonal antibodies YK013 and AS001 may be peptides in nature, whereas the determinants recognized by antibodies YK024 or AS005 might be carbohydrate. The radioimmunoassay with monoclonal antibody AS001 was established, and the results clearly indicate that the incidence of positivity for the sera from digestive tract cancer patients and from lung cancer patients obtained by monoclonal antibody AS001 was higher than that obtained by the polyclonal antibody. Monoclonal antibody AS001 was able to detect the corresponding antigen in the sera, which the polyclonal antibody failed to detect. This study therefore suggests that monoclonal antibodies may enhance and improve the diagnostic value in cancer patients with undetectable or lower CEA levels detected by conventional anti-CEA antibodies.