~(60)Co辐射对在体红细胞微观流变特性的影响

采用 60Co大剂量全身均匀急性辐射的方法,使动物造血系统受到严重破坏,造血机能大大减弱,在大约30天时间内,循环系统中的红细胞计数明显下降,从而造成一种辐射贫血的动物模型。以便较长时间内连续研究60Co大剂量辐射对在体红细胞流变特性的影响。采用一种在低粘切变流场中能将红细胞变形指数DI分解为取向指数 (DI)or和小变形指数 (DI)d的新型激光衍射法 [1],研究了 60Co大剂量辐射对在体红细胞变形性、全血粘度、沉降率和红细胞计数等血液流变学特性的影响 ,并与正常对照组红细胞的相应参数作比较 ,发现在60Co大剂量辐射后 ,开始这些参数变得明显异常 ,40天后逐渐接近于正常对照组水平。这表明 60Co大剂量急性辐射对动物体内造血系统的影响是长期的、严重的。将这种 60Co辐射造成的贫血模型与文宗曜等提出的用抗体诱导的大量同步化的球形红细胞贫血模型相比较 ,发现后者作为在体贫血动物模型具有更明显的优点。同时为研究辐射对血液流变特性的影响及正确地挑选红细胞衰老模型提供了理论与实验的基础。     

N+束和γ射线对两种微生物生物膜辐射损伤效应的比较研究

以Ｎ＾＋束和＾６０Ｃｏγ－ｒａｙ为辐射源,以耐辐射异常微球菌（Ｄｅｉｎｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ ｒａｄｉｏｄｕｒａｎｓ）和Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ为材料,对两种辐射源作用于两种微生物膜所产生的辐射损伤效应作了比较研究。结果表明,两种辐射源作用于两种微生物所导致的生物膜脂过氧化程度、所生成的膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）的含量及表示生物膜透性的电解质渗透度均随着辐照剂量的增大而提高;与Ｄ．ｒａｄｉｏｄｕｒａｎｓ相比,两种     

大分子吸附对低粘切变流场中红细胞取向的影响

采用一种在低粘切变流场中,将红细胞变形指数ＤＩ,分解为转向指数与小变形指数的新型激光衍射法,比较了有不同分子量右旋糖酐或ＰＶＰ处理的红细胞与正常对照组红细胞的（ＤＩ）ｏｒ－γ曲线,发现上述两类曲线间存在明显差异,这一事实表明,这种新型激光衍射法有助于分子水平的微观流变学的研究。     

60Co辐射对网织红细胞微观流变学特性的影响

采用 ⁶⁰Co大剂量全身均匀急性辐射的方法,造成一种辐射贫血的动物模型.以便在几天内连续研究 ⁶⁰Co辐射对新生的网织红细胞及红细胞流变学特性的影响.采用一种在低粘切变流场中能将红细胞变形指数DI分解为取向指数（DI）_or和小变形指数（DI）_d的新型激光衍射法,对网织红细胞及红细胞的变形指数、取向指数、综合变形指数（IDI）等血液流变学特性参数进行测量,发现在 ⁶⁰Co大剂量辐射后,新生的网织红细胞及红细胞流变学特性存在明显异常.将这种 ⁶⁰Co辐射造成的贫血模型与文宗曜等提出的用抗体诱导的大量同步化的球形红细胞贫血模型相比较,后者更具有明显的优点.同时为研究辐射对血液流变特性的影响及正确地挑选红细胞衰老模型提供了理论与实验的基础.     

低能离子束及γ辐照对小菜蛾颗粒体病毒的影响及剂量效应关系的拟合分析

本文比较了Ｎ＾＋离子注入和＾６０Ｃｏγ射线对ＰｘＧＶ感染活性的影响,并用多种辐射生物学模型拟合,分析了它们的剂量效应关系。结果表明：在中高剂量区,ＰｘＧＶ感染率的剂产关系遵循指数失活规律,而在更宽的剂量段内,曲线则呈特有的“马鞍型”。用多种数学模型对实验数据进行计算机拟合,发现ＥＭＣ模型和三次项方程能较好拟合上述曲线。     

慢性呼吸衰竭病人红细胞膜蛋白和红细胞变形能力的研究

目的：探讨红细胞膜蛋白在红细胞变形性改变中的作用。方法：参照Ｌｅａｍｍｌｉ和Ｐｅａｃｏｃｋ方法,测定了肺心病Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭（Ⅰ组）１８例、Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭（Ⅱ组）１８例和健康对照（ＣＧ）２０例的红细胞膜带３蛋白、膜收缩蛋白二聚体（ＳｐＤ）和四聚体（ＳｐＴ）的相对含量与红细胞变形能力。结果：Ⅰ、Ⅱ组带３蛋白、ＳｐＤ、ＳｐＴ相对含量和红细胞变形指数（ＤＩ）与对照组均有显著差异,且肺心病病人的ＤＩ与带３蛋白相对含量呈显著正相关,与ＳｐＤ／ＳｐＴ比值呈显著负相关。结论：带３蛋白和膜收缩蛋白的异常,可能是导致肺心病人红细胞变形能力降低的重要因素之一。     

60Co辐射对网织红细胞微观流变学特性的影响

采用60Co大剂量全身均匀急性辐射的方法,造成一种辐射贫血的动物模型.以便在几天内连续研究60Co辐射对新生的网织红细胞及红细胞流变学特性的影响.采用一种在低粘切变流场中能将红细胞变形指数DI分解为取向指数(DI)or和小变形指数(DI)d的新型激光衍射法,对网织红细胞及红细胞的变形指数、取向指数、综合变形指数(IDI)等血液流变学特性参数进行测量,发现在60Co大剂量辐射后,新生的网织红细胞及红细胞流变学特性存在明显异常.将这种60Co辐射造成的贫血模型与文宗曜等提出的用抗体诱导的大量同步化的球形红细胞贫血模型相比较,后者更具有明显的优点.同时为研究辐射对血液流变特性的影响及正确地挑选红细胞衰老模型提供了理论与实验的基础.     

N~+离子注入对不同辐射敏感性微生物超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响

以Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ和耐辐射生球菌（Ｄｅｉｎｏｃｏｃｃｕｓｒａｄｉｏｄｕｒａｎｓ）为试材,研究了Ｎ＾＋离子注入对其ＳＯＤ,ＣＡＴ和ＰＯＤ活性的影响及共对自由基的清除,结果表明：Ｄ．ｒａｄｉｏｄｕｒａｎｓ经Ｎ＾＋离子注入后ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ酶活高于Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ的,而ＰＯＤ酶活不仅很低于Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ的;随剂量的增大,两者ＳＯＤ和ＣＡＴ酶活均为增后减,只是其ＳＯＤ酶活的变化峰值对应剂量分别为６×１０＾１５Ｎ＾＋／     

增强UV-B辐射对小麦叶中CAT、POX和SOD活性的影响

研究了０（ＣＫ）,８．８２ｋＪ／ｍ＾２（Ｔ１）及１２．６ｋＪ／ｍ＾２（Ｔ２）三种剂量的紫外线Ｂ（ＵＶ－Ｂ,２８０～３２０ｎｍ）辐射对温室种植的小麦膜伤害的机理,试验结果表明,在增强ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射下,与对照相比,膜脂过氧化物产－丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量明显升高,同时膜脂脂肪酸组成配比改变,不饱和度指数（ＩＵＦＡ）有所下降,并具剂量效应,过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）,过氧化物酶（ＰＯＸ）活性显著升高,而超氧歧化酶（     

利用花粉辐射诱发普通小麦与大赖草染色体易位的研究

将小麦－大赖草Ｌｒ．２和Ｌｒ．１４染色体二体异附加系９４Ｇ１５和９４Ｇ４５即将成熟花粉经＾６０Ｃｏ－γ射线辐射处理,然后分别给普通小麦品种扬麦５号和绵阳１１授粉。辐射Ｍ１的ＰＭＣ ＭＩ期染色体Ｇｉｅｍｓａ Ｃ－分带和基因组ＤＮＡ荧光原位杂交处理后进行染色体配对分析,从１７株Ｍ１单株中筛选到５株ＰＭＣ ＭＩ期大赖草染色体与小麦配对的个体。根据这５株单株自交Ｍ２种子根尖细胞有丝分裂中期染色体Ｃ－分带和     

苯肼对红细胞在体衰老过程中微观流变特性的影响

在Brunara等人用苯肼使动物造成急性溶血性贫血的方法基础上,建立一种由急性溶血性贫血后,而诱发家兔幼红细胞增多的非正常生理状态的红细胞在体衰老模型,继而研究新生红细胞从产生到死亡死亡过程,即衰老过程的流变学特性的变化规律。通过对新生红细胞的压积、变形、取向及与之相应的全血的粘度、血沉等指标的连续60多天的监测,发现红细胞在衰老过程中的微观流变学特性确实有明显改变。红细胞在体衰老过程中微观流变特性逐渐变差。     

Effect of liposomal muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine and indomethacin on hematopoietic recovery in irradiated mice

The effects of liposomal muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine (MTP-PE/MLV, radioprotective immunomodulator; 10 mg/kg) and indomethacin (INDO, inhibitor of prostaglandin production; 2 mg/kg) on post-irradiation recovery of hematopoietic functions in mice were investigated. Two agents with distinct radioprotective mechanisms were administered alone or in combination 24 h and 3 h before exposure to 7 Gy (60)Co radiation. In the post-irradiation period (3-14 days) combined pre-treatment of mice accelerated recovery of bone marrow cellularity, weight of spleen and myelopoietic and erythropoietic activity in both hematopoietic organs, compared to treatment with MTP-PE/MLV or indomethacin alone. In the peripheral blood, improved radioprotective effects of combined drug administration were found in the recovery of reticulocytes and platelet count. No further significant differences in the recovery of leukocyte count were observed in the examined groups until post-irradiation day 14. Within the first 3-6 post-irradiation days, the bone marrow and peripheral blood smears of mice pre-treated with indomethacin alone or its combination with MTP-PE/MLV more frequently featured blast cells and large cells with abundant cytoplasm which could be considered the hematopoietic stem cells.     

饥饿对胭脂鱼血液指标及造血的影响

对胭脂鱼[体长141—178 mm,体重(94.82±4.52)g]在26.0—27.5℃进行禁食,研究了不同饥饿时间(0、5、10、20、30、60d)对其血液指标和造血的影响。结果表明,饥饿对胭脂鱼RBC、Hb、MCV、MCH和MCHC等生理指标都有显著影响,而对WBC和HCT影响不显著。饥饿5—30d之间,外周血红细胞中含有较多数量的未成熟红细胞和较年轻的成熟红细胞,饥饿至60d时新生红细胞的能力严重减弱。饥饿60d的胭脂鱼出现大量断裂核红细胞,显示了营养不良造成的细胞病理学特征。血红蛋白含量和红细胞压积的变化与红细胞数量变化趋势一致。除胆固醇和谷草转氨酶外,其余各项生化指标均受到饥饿的显著性影响。血糖对饥饿较敏感。持续饥饿使肾脏、头肾、脾脏、肝脏等造血器官体积减小、内部结构排列疏松、细胞萎缩、造血区解体。随饥饿时间的延长,造血器官中成熟和趋向衰老的血细胞数量明显增多,各种原始和幼稚血细胞减少,造血机能下降,甚至丧失。饥饿使胭脂鱼造血过程和原有红细胞的衰老过程减缓,从而降低能量的代谢:当饥饿对鱼的生存产生胁迫时,作为能量节省机制,保存现有红细胞和停止红细胞生成可能是鱼类耐受饥饿的常用对策。     

大鼠再生障碍性贫血模型制备

目的诱导稳定而可逆的大鼠再生障碍性贫血模型。方法模型A组造模第1天以直线加速器剂量率为240 cGy/min,SSD=100 cm,全身照射1.2 min,分别于第4、6、8天腹腔注射环磷酰胺35 mg/kg和氯霉素43.75 mg/kg,共3次;模型B组造模第1天以直线加速器剂量率300 cGy/min,SSD=100 cm,全身照射1.2 min。分别于第4、5、6天腹腔注射环磷酰胺35 mg/kg和氯霉素43.75 mg/kg,共3次。对照组造模第1天以假照射。于造模9、12、15 d后进行网织红细胞计数、外周血象检查、骨髓活检。结果造模第9天与对照组比较,A组、B组的白细胞（WBC）、红细胞（RBC）、血小板（PLT）、血红蛋白（HGB）、网织红细胞计数（RET）均明显降低,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。于造模第15天,A组RBC、HGB值继续下降,WBC、PLT、RET值回升,与对照组比较降低,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;B组WBC、RBC、HGB、PLT值有显著回升,与对照组比较降低,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）;RET值与对照组比较升高,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论模型A组具有复制周期短,成功率高、重复性好,死亡率低等优点。适合用于治疗药物研究的实验。     

巴西莓和诺尼果粉对C57BL/6J小鼠抗8Gy 剂量辐射的初步研究

目的:比较研究巴西莓果粉Herbal Clean Energy和诺尼果粉Noni GIA通过消除自由基、降低造血细胞凋亡等作用对8Gy大剂量γ线照射后小鼠活存的影响。方法:将C57BL/6J小鼠随机分组、每组雌雄各半,单一果粉在相同灌胃剂量下采用照前灌胃10天、照后灌胃10天以及照前照后灌胃10天三种灌胃方式,首先观察了小鼠在用钴60γ线8Gy致死剂量照后40天活存率;其次在上述相同条件处理下,照后10天对小鼠外周血白细胞计数、CD4+和CD8+淋巴细胞类型、活性氧、骨髓造血细胞凋亡率等分析。结果:生理盐水灌胃组C57BL/6J小鼠受8Gy照射在第18天全部死亡(n=20,下同),死亡率100%,而照前10天灌胃后照射8Gy试验组:巴西莓和诺尼果粉组照后40天活存10/20只,诺尼果粉组第40天活存9/20,巴西莓果粉组第40天活存8/20。在照后灌胃的组别中,诺尼果粉组第40天活存7/20,巴西莓和诺尼果粉组第40天活存4/20只,巴西莓果粉组第40天活存2/20。照射前后单独或联合灌胃两种果粉组外周血白细胞均有升高,而骨髓造血细胞凋亡降低,而且果粉灌胃小鼠外周血Th/Tc比率同对照组相比明显保持于正常值范围。红细胞和血小板数据无明显变化,活性氧含量则呈现无规律表现。结论:巴西莓和诺尼果粉对小鼠抗辐射有预防作用,其细胞学表现为保持造血增殖能力、降低造血细胞凋亡,并维持Th/Tc免疫平衡;显示果粉对保持造血和免疫能力是提高抵抗辐射损伤、提高活存的基础。同时表明,服用巴西莓果粉和诺尼果粉,对人体防止辐射损伤有预防作用。     

Changes in hematologic values in 11 months after birth in the cynomolgus monkeys

Changes in hematological values were studied with 131 healthy cynomolgus monkeys aged less than 11 months. The parameters measured were erythrocyte count (RBC), hematocrit value (Ht), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), total leucocyte count (WBC), and differential leucocyte count. No remarkable change was found with RBC during the whole period of this study. Relatively high values were obtained with Ht, MCV, and Hb in the newborns aged 0 to 7 days. These values continued to decrease until 3 months of age, after which the values increased again attaining approximately adult levels at 11 months of age. WBC was very high at birth and then decreased to the minimum level at 3 days of age. It was followed by gradual increase until about 4 months of age at which a nearly adult level was attained. Lymphocyte counts were smaller than neutrophil counts on the day of birth. However, this numerical relation was inverted 2 days after birth and the lymphocyte counts became markedly larger than the neutrophil counts about 1 week after birth. Additionally, the values obtained from the cord blood of 6 Cesarean-delivered newborns were compared with those from the blood taken 5 hours after cesarean delivery.     

Subchronic Toxicological Study of Two Artemisinin Derivatives in Dogs

The objective of our study was to profile and compare the systematic changes between orally administered artesunate and intramuscularly injected artemether at a low dose over a 3-month period (92 consecutive days) in dogs. Intramuscular administration of 6 mg kg^-1 artemether induced a decreased red blood cell (RBC) count (anemia), concurrent extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen and inhibition of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow. We also observed a prolonged QT interval and neuropathic changes in the central nervous system, which demonstrated the cortex and motor neuron vulnerability, but no behavioral changes. Following treatment with artesunate, we observed a decreased heart rate, which was most likely due to cardiac conduction system damage, as well as a deceased RBC count, extramedullary hematopoiesis in the spleen and inhibition of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow. However, in contrast to treatment with artemether, neurotoxicity was not observed following treatment with artesunate. In addition, ultra-structural examination by transmission electron microscopy showed mitochondrial damage following treatment with artesunate. These findings demonstrated the spectrum of toxic changes that result upon treatment with artesunate and artemether and show that the prolonged administration of low doses of these derivatives result in diverse toxicity profiles.     

The effect of chamber restraint (with or without lower body positive pressure) on hematopoiesis (particularly erythropoiesis) in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)

Squirrel monkeys, restrained in lower body positive pressure (LBPP) chambers in attempts to model the space flight-induced hematological consequences of a cephalad fluid shift, showed a decrease in red blood cell mass which was largely independent of actual LBPP. The only LBPP-specific hematological effect was an alteration in red blood cell (RBC) survival. This monkey model represents the second, ground-based animal system in which this phenomenon has been recorded and shown to be unique to a cephalad fluid shift. These data suggest a re-evaluation is necessary of the role of altered RBC clearance as a contributing factor to the anemia of space flight in humans.