A validated silver‐nanoparticle‐enhanced chemiluminescence method for the determination of citalopram in pharmaceutical preparations and human plasma

A simple and sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method was developed for the determination of citalopram in pharmaceutical preparations and human plasma. The method is based on the enhancement of the weak CL signal of the luminol–H₂O₂ system. It was found that the CL signal arising from the reaction between alkaline luminol and H₂O₂ was greatly increased by the addition of silver nanoparticles in the presence of citalopram. Prepared silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Various experimental parameters affecting CL intensity were studied and optimized for the determination of citalopram. Under optimized experimental conditions, CL intensity was found to be proportional to the concentration of citalopram in the range 40–2500 ng/mL, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the devised method were 3.78 and 12.62 ng/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the developed method was found to have excellent reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.65% (n = 7). Potential interference by common excipients was also studied. The method was validated statistically using recovery studies and was successfully applied to the determination of citalopram in the pure form, in pharmaceutical preparations and in spiked human plasma samples. Percentage recoveries were found to range from 97.71 to 101.99% for the pure form, from 97.84 to 102.78% for pharmaceutical preparations and from 95.65 to 100.35% for spiked human plasma. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of sulpiride in pharmaceutical preparations and human plasma through derivatization with 2‐cyanoacetamide

A sensitive and accurate spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of sulpiride in pharmaceutical preparations and human plasma. The developed method is based on the derivatization reaction of 2‐cyanoacetamide with sulpiride in 30% ammonical solution. The fluorescent derivatized reaction product exhibited maximum fluorescence intensity at 379 nm after excitation at 330 nm. The optimum conditions for derivatization reactions were studied and the fluorescence intensity versus concentration plot was found to be linear over the concentration range 0.2–20.0 µg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9985. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.82 and 2.73 ng/mL, respectively. The proposed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The effects of common excipients and co‐administered drugs were also studied. The accuracy of the method was checked using the standard addition method and percent recoveries were found to be in the range of 99.00–101.25% for pharmaceutical preparations and 97.00–97.80% for spiked human plasma. The method was successfully applied to commercial formulations and the results obtained for the proposed method were compared with a high‐performance liquid chromatography reference method and statistically evaluated using the Student's t‐test for accuracy and the variance ratio F‐test for precision. A reaction pathway was also proposed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Online column preconcentration for speciation and selective determination of Cr(III) in natural water samples using flow injection with chemiluminescence detection

A simple, rapid, sensitive and inexpensive approach is described in this work based on a combination of solid-phase extraction of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ), for speciation and preconcentration of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in river water, and the direct determination of these species using a flow injection system with chemiluminescence detection (FI–CL) and a 4-diethylamino phenyl hydrazine (DEAPH)–hydrogen peroxide system. At different pH, the two forms of chromium [Cr(III) and Cr(VI)] have different exchange capacities for 8HQ, therefore two columns were constructed; the pH of column 1 was adjusted to pH 3 for retaining Cr(III) and column 2 was adjusted to pH 1 for retaining of Cr(VI). The sorbed Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species were eluted from columns using 3.0 ml of 0.1 N of HCl and 3.0 ml of 0.1 N of NaOH, respectively. The flow injection–chemiluminescence (FI–CL) method is based on light emitted due to the oxidation of DEAPH by the H₂O₂ in the presence of Cr(III), which catalyzes the reaction. The flow cell is a transparent coiled tube made from glass (2.0 × 4.0, inner and outer diameter) and located close to the photodetector. The flow parameters: flow rate, sample volume, flow cell length, and distance to the CL detector were studied and optimized. Under optimum flow conditions, the Cr(III) concentration can be determined over the range 5–350 μg L⁻¹ with a limit of detection of 1.2 μg L⁻¹, as the Cr(III) concentration is proportional to the intensity of the CL signal. The relative standard deviations (%) for 10 and 50 μg L⁻¹ Cr(III) were 1.2% and 3.2%, respectively. The effects of Al(III), Cd(II), Zn(II), Hg(II), Pb(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Mn(II), Ca(II), and Fe(III) were investigated. The proposed method is highly selective and sensitive, enabling a rapid determination of the Cr(III) amount in the presence of other interfering metals. Finally, the FI–CL method was examined in five river water samples with excellent recoveries.     

Determination of estradiol valerate in pharmaceutical preparations and human serum by flow injection chemiluminescence

A novel method for the detection of trace estradiol valerate (EV) in pharmaceutical preparations and human serum was developed by inhibition of luminol chemiluminescence (CL) by estradiol valerate on the zinc deuteroporphyrin (ZnDP)‐enhanced luminol‐K₃Fe(CN)₆ chemiluminescence system. Under optimized experimental conditions, CL intensity and concentration of estradiol valerate had a good linear relationship in the ranges of 8.0 × 10^‐8 to 1.0 × 10^‐5 g/mL. Detection limit (3σ) was estimated to be 3.5 × 10^‐8 g/mL. The proposed method was applied successfully for the determination of estradiol valerate in pharmaceutical preparations and human serum and recoveries were 97.0‐105.0% and 95.5‐106.0%, respectively. The possible mechanism of the CL system is discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Determination of trace amounts of dopamine by flow‐injection analysis coupled with luminol–Ag(III) complex chemiluminescence detection

A novel flow injection analysis‐direct chemiluminescence (FI‐CL) method has been developed for determination of trace amounts of dopamine (DA) based on the enhancing effect of DA on the CL reaction of luminol with an Ag(III) complex in alkaline solution. Under optimum conditions, CL intensities are proportional to the concentration of DA in the range of 1.0 × 10^?10 to 4.0 × 10^?8 mol L^?1. The detection limit is 3.0 × 10^?11 mol L^?1 for DA (3s), with a relative standard deviation (n = 13) of 2.3% for 1.0 × 10^?8 mol L^?1 DA. This method has also been applied for the determination of DA in commercial pharmaceutical injection samples. On the basis of the CL spectra and the results of the free‐radical trapping experiment of this work, a reaction mechanism for this CL reaction is proposed and discussed. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Binding study of lysozyme with Al(III) using chemiluminescence analysis

The binding behavior of lysozyme with Al(III) is described using luminol as a luminescence probe by flow injection–chemiluminescence (FI–CL) analysis. It was found that the CL intensity of the luminol–lysozyme reaction could be markedly enhanced by Al(III), and the increase in CL intensity was linear with the Al(III) concentration over the range 0.3–30.0 pg mL^?1, with a detection limit of 0.1 pg mL^?1 (3σ). Based on the interaction model of lysozyme with Al(III), lg[(I ? I₀)/(2I₀ ? I)] = lgK + nlg[M], the binding constant K = 6.84 × 10⁶ L mol^–1 and the number of binding sites (n) = 0.76. The relative standard deviations were 3.2, 2.4 and 2.0% for 10.0, 20.0 and 30.0 pg mL^?1 Al(III) (n = 7), respectively. This new method was successfully applied to continuous, quantitative monitoring of picogram level Al(III) in human saliva following oral intake of compound aluminum hydroxide tablets. It was found that Al(III) in saliva reached a maximum of 101.2 ng mL^?1 at 3.0 h. The absorption rate constant k_a, elimination rate constant k and half‐life time t_1/2 of Al(III) were 1.378 h^?1, 0.264 h^?1 and 2.624 h, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A chemiluminescence method to detect hydroquinone with water‐soluble sulphonato‐(salen)manganese(III) complex as catalyst

A water‐soluble sulphonato‐(salen)manganese(III) complex with excellent catalytic properties was synthesized and demonstrated to greatly enhance the chemiluminescence signal of the hydrogen peroxide ? luminol reaction. Coupled with flow‐injection technique, a simple and sensitive chemiluminescence method was first developed to detect hydroquinone based on the chemiluminescence system of the hydrogen peroxide–luminol–sulphonato‐(salen)manganese(III) complex. Under optimal conditions, the assay exhibited a wide linear range from 0.1 to 10 ng mL^–1 with a detection limit of 0.05 ng mL^–1 for hydroquinone. The method was applied successfully to detect hydroquinone in tap‐water and mineral‐water, with a sampling frequency of 120 times per hour. The relative standard deviation for determination of hydroquinone was less than 5.6%, and the recoveries ranged from 96.8 to 103.0%. The ultraviolet spectra, chemiluminescence spectra, and the reaction kinetics for the peroxide–luminol–sulphonato‐(salen)manganese(III) complex system were employed to study the possible chemiluminescence mechanism. The proposed chemiluminescence analysis technique is rapid and sensitive, with low cost, and could be easily extended and applied to other compounds. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Determination of the pseudoephedrine content in pharmaceutical formulations and in biological fluids using a microbore HPLC system interfaced to a microfluidic chemiluminescence detector

A novel automated precolumn derivatization followed by separation using liquid chromatography for the determination of pseudoephedrine (PSE) by a microfluidic chemiluminescence detector has been developed. An on‐line derivatization procedure was utilized by converting PSE into a highly light emitting species in a Ru(bipy)₃²⁺‐peroxydisulphate chemiluminescence (CL) system by derivatizing it with a 1.0 M formaldehyde solution. The derivatized analyte was directly injected into a microbore high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system coupled to an on‐chip chemiluminescence detector. The newly developed highly selective, sensitive and fast HPLC‐CL method was validated and successfully applied for the analysis of PSE in pharmaceutical formulations and a human urine sample. The selectivity of the method is not only due to the HPLC separation but is also due to the highly selective detection principle of the Ru(bipy)₃²⁺‐peroxydisulphate CL system used. There was no interference observed from the common preservatives and excipients used in pharmaceutical preparations, which did not show any significant CL signal. The retention time of PSE was less than 3 min, and the detection limits and quantification limits were found to be 5.7 and 26.0 µg L^–1, respectively. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Determination of bisphenol A using a flow injection inhibitory chemiluminescence method.

A new flow injection chemiluminescence (CL) method has been developed for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA), based on the inhibitory effect of BPA on the chemiluminescence reaction between luminol and potassium hexacyanoferrate. Under optimum conditions, the decrease in CL emission intensity was linear with BPA concentration in the range 8.0 x 10(-7)-1.2 x 10(-5) mol/L, and the detection limit was 3.1 x 10(-7) mol/L. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of 11 replicate measurements was 2.6% for 2.0 x 10(-6) mol/L BPA (n = 11). The sampling frequency was calculated to be ca. 120/h. This method has been successfully used to determine the content of BPA in aqueous solution of polycarbonate materials. A brief discussion on the possible chemiluminescence reaction mechanism is presented.     

Development of a novel chemiluminescence method for the determination of cefazolin sodium in injectable powder and human urine based on a luminol‐Cu(III) complex reaction in alkaline medium

A novel chemiluminescence (CL) method was developed for the determination of cefazolin sodium based on the CL reaction between the [Cu(HIO₆)₂]^5‐Cu(III) complex and luminol in alkaline solution. Results showed that CL emission of Cu(III) complex–luminol in alkaline medium was significantly different from that in acidic medium. A possible mechanism of the enhanced effect of cefazolin on CL emission of the [Cu(HIO₆)₂]^5‐‐ luminol system was proposed. The effect of the reaction conditions on CL emissions was examined. Under optimized conditions, a good linear relationship was obtained between CL intensity and concentrations of cefazolin sodium in the range of 2.0 x 10^‐8 to 2.0 x 10^‐6 g/mL with a correlation coefficient of R² = 0.9978. The limit of detection was 4.58 x 10^‐9 g/mL. The proposed method was applied for the determination of cefazolin sodium in real samples with recoveries of 82.0‐109% with an RSD of 0.7‐2.1%. The proposed method was successfully used for the determination of cefazolin sodium in injectable powder preparations and human urine with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Validated spectrofluorimetric method for determination of two phosphodiesterase inhibitors tadalafil and vardenafil in pharmaceutical preparations and spiked human plasma

A valid, sensitive and rapid spectrofluorimetric method has been developed and validated for determination of both tadalafil (TAD) and vardenafil (VAR) either in their pure form, in their tablet dosage forms or spiked in human plasma. This method is based on measurement of the native fluorescence of both drugs in acetonitrile at λ_em 330 and 470 nm after excitation at 280 and 275 nm for tadalafil and vardenafil, respectively. Linear relationships were obtained over the concentration range 4–40 and 10–250 ng/mL with a minimum detection of 1 and 3 ng/mL for tadalafil and vardenafil, respectively. Various experimental parameters affecting the fluorescence intensity were carefully studied and optimized. The developed method was applied successfully for the determination of tadalafil and vardenafil in bulk drugs and tablet dosage forms. Moreover, the high sensitivity of the proposed method permitted their determination in spiked human plasma. The developed method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, lower limit of quantification (LOQ), lower limit of detection (LOD), precision and accuracy. The mean recoveries of the analytes in pharmaceutical preparations were in agreement with those obtained from the comparison methods, as revealed by statistical analysis of the obtained results using Student's t‐test and the variance ratio F‐test. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) on the interaction between sparfloxacin and calf thymus DNA

Cr(III) and Cr(VI) have different binding capacity with sparfloxacin, and have different combination modes with calf thymus DNA. Selecting these two different metal ions, the influence of them on the binding constants between sparfloxacin (SPFX) and calf thymus DNA, as well as the related mechanism has been studied by using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The result shows that Cr(III) has weaker binding capacity to SPFX in the SPFX-Cr(III) binary system, but influences the binding between SPFX and DNA obviously in SPFX-DNA-Cr(III) ternary system. However, although Cr(VI) has a stronger binding capacity to SPFX, it has no effect on the binding between SPFX and DNA. Referring to the different modes of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) binding to DNA, the mechanism of the influence of metal ions on the binding between SPFX and DNA has been proposed. SPFX can directly bind to DNA by chelating DNA base sites. If a metal ion at certain concentration binds mainly to DNA bases, it can decrease the binding constants between SPFX and DNA through competing with SPFX. While if a metal ion at certain concentration mainly binds to phosphate groups of DNA, it can increase the binding constants by building a bridge between SPFX and DNA. If a metal ion at certain concentrations binds neither to bases nor phosphate groups in DNA, it will have no effect on the binding constant between SPFX and DNA. Our result supports Palumbo's conclusion that the binding between SPFX and the phosphata groups is the precondition for the combination between SPFX and DNA, which is stabilized through stacking interactions between the condensed rings of SPFX and DNA bases.     

Determination of naphazoline hydrochloride in biological and pharmaceutical samples by a quantum dot‐assisted chemiluminescence system using response‐surface methodology

A simple and highly sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) method is reported for the determination of naphazoline hydrochloride (NH). It was found that the weak CL from the reaction of luminol and KIO₄ in an alkaline medium could be highly amplified by cysteine‐capped cadmium telluride quantum dots (QDs) and the enhanced CL was effectively quenched by NH and this finding was utilized as a basis for the determination of NH. The QDs were synthesized in aqueous medium and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV‐vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy. A possible mechanism was proposed for the CL system based on radical identification experiments, along with CL spectrum of the system. The experimental parameters were optimized by the reliable response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimized experimental conditions, the proposed method allowed the determination of NH over the range of 5.0 × 10^‐10–2.0 × 10^‐7 mol/L (r² = 0.9993, n = 10). The precision (RSD%) of the method, obtained from five replicate determinations of 2.0 and 150 nmol/L NH, was found to be 1.0% and 1.3%, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the determination of NH in pharmaceutical formulations and human urine and serum samples with results corroborated with the aid of those obtained from a standard method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Highly sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for rapid determination of orciprenaline in biological fluids and pharmaceuticals

Orciprenaline sulphate (ORP) is a direct‐acting sympathomimetic with mainly beta‐adrenoceptor stimulant activity. It is used as a bronchodilator in the management of reversible airway obstruction. For the first time, a rapid highly sensitive spectrofluorimetric method is described that is relied on measuring the fluorescence spectra of ORP at acidic pH and without addition of any chemical reagents. The relative fluorescence intensity was measured at 310 nm and after excitation at 224 nm. ORP native fluorescence was calibrated in both water and acetonitrile as diluting solvents. The method was designed to estimate the drug in miscellaneous matrices with high accuracy and precision. Linear ranges of calibration curves were 30.0–400.0 ng/ml and 10.0–240.0 ng/ml in water and acetonitrile, respectively. The detection limits were calculated and reached as low as 3.3 and 3.1 ng/ml, respectively, representing the ultra‐sensitivity of the proposed method. This result permitted application of this method for spiked human plasma and urine and was used as a preliminary investigation with good percentage recovery (89.4–106.8%). The application was further extended to analyse ORP in its pharmaceutical formulations. The method was validated in compliance with International Council of Harmonization (ICH) Guidelines.     

A chelate complex‐enhanced luminol system for selective determination of Co(II), Fe(II) and Cr(III)

A determination method for Co(II), Fe(II) and Cr(III) ions by luminol‐H₂O₂ system using chelating reagents is presented. A metal ion‐chelating ligand complex with a Co(II) ion and a chelating reagent like ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) produced highly enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) intensity as well as longer lifetime in the luminol‐H₂O₂ system compared to metals that exist as free ions. Whereas free Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions had a strong catalytic effect on the luminol‐H₂O₂ system, significantly, the complexes of Cu(II) and Pb(II) with chelating reagents lost their catalytic activity due to the chelating reagents acting as masking agents. Based on the observed phenomenon, it was possible to determine Co(II), Fe(II) and Cr(III) ions with enhanced sensitivity and selectivity using the chelating reagents of the luminol‐H₂O₂ system. The effects of ligand, H₂O₂ concentration, pH, buffer solution and concentrations of chelating reagents on CL intensity of the luminol‐H₂O₂ system were investigated and optimized for the determination of Co(II), Fe(II) and Cr(III) ions. Under optimized conditions, the calibration curve of metal ions was linear over the range of 2.0 × 10^‐8 to 2.0 × 10^‐5 M for Co(II), 1.0 × 10^‐7 to 2.0 × 10^‐5 M for Fe (II) and 2.0 × 10^‐7 to 1.0 × 10^‐4 M for Cr(III). Limits of detection (3σ/s) were 1.2 × 10^‐8, 4.0 × 10^‐8 and 1.2 × 10^‐7 M for Co(II), Fe(II) and Cr(III), respectively. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Determination of pholcodine in syrups and human plasma using the chemiluminescence system of tris(1,10 phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) and acidic Ce(IV)

Pholcodine is an opiate derivative drug which is widely used in pediatric medicine. In this study, a chemiluminescence (CL) method is described that determines pholcodine in human plasma and syrup samples. This method is based on the fact that pholcodine can greatly enhance the weak CL emission of reaction between tris(1,10 phenanthroline)ruthenium(II), Ru(phen)₃²⁺, and acidic Ce(IV). The CL mechanism is described in detail using UV–vis light, fluorescence and CL spectra. Effects of chemical variables were investigated and under optimum conditions, CL intensity was proportional to the pholcodine concentration over the range 4.0 × 10^?8 to 8.0 × 10^?6 mol  L^?1. The limit of detection (LOD) (S/N = 3) was 2.5 × 10^?8 mol  L^?1. Percent of relative standard deviations (%RSD) for 3.0 × 10^?7 and 3.0 × 10^?6 mol  L^?1 of pholcodine was 2.9 and 4.0%, respectively. Effects of common ingredients were investigated and the method was applied successfully to the determination of pholcodine in syrup samples and human plasma.     

CdS nanoparticles‐ enhanced chemiluminescence and determination of baicalin in pharmaceutical preparations

CdS nanoparticles (CdS NPs) of different sizes were synthesized by the citrate reduction method. It was found that CdS NPs could enhance the chemiluminescence (CL) of the luminol‐potassium ferricyanide system and baicalin could inhibit CdS NPs‐enhanced luminol‐potassium ferricyanide CL signals in alkaline solution. Based on this inhibition, a flow‐injection CL method was established for determination of baicalin in pharmaceutical preparations and human urine samples. Under optimized conditions, the linear range for determination of baicalin was 5.0 x 10^?6 to 1.0 x 10^?3 g/L. The detection limit at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3 was 1.7 x 10 ^?6 g/L. CL spectra, UV‐visible spectra and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the CL mechanism. The method described is simple, selective and obviates the need of extensive sample pretreatment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Uptake and distribution of chromium in Saccharomyces cerevisae exposed to Cr(III)-organic compounds

Abstract

The present study investigates the influence of different Cr(III)-organic compounds [Cr(III)-citrate and Cr(III)-histidine] in growth-nonsupportive exposure medium on the uptake and localisation of chromium in the cell structure of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae. The amount of total accumulated chromium in yeast cells and the distribution of chromium between the yeast cell walls and spheroplasts were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Chromium accumulation potential was shown to depend on treatment time, metal concentration as well as the nature of the bound ligand. Chromium uptake was characterised by a time-dependent increase of total chromium which suggests that the amount of cell-accumulated chromium also tended to increase over time. Cellular chromium accumulation (mg g^?1 dry wt) of Cr(III)-histidine is higher than Cr(III)-citrate. The pH dependence pattern of chromium accumulation is similar for both of the Cr(III)-organic compounds: pH 6.5>pH 5>pH 8. Substantial differences were found between the two Cr(III)-organic compounds, in the total chromium accumulation as well as in the distribution in yeast cell walls and spheroplasts.     

Determination of norfloxacin using a terbium-sensitized electrogenerated chemiluminescence method.

A simple electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) analysis method for the determination of norfloxacin (NFLX) is reported. It is based on ECL produced by Na(2)SO(3), which is sensitized by the Tb-NFLX complex. The relative ECL intensity of the Tb(3+)-NFLX-Na(2)SO(3) system is proportional to the amount of NFLX. The optimized experimental conditions were investigated. The linear range and detection limit for NFLX were 1.0 x 10(-10)-8.0 x 10(-7) mol/L and 2.8 x 10(-11) mol/L, respectively. This method was successfully applied to the determination of NFLX in a capsule. NFLX in urine can be directly detected without pretreatment or separation.     

First derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric method for the simultaneous determination of propofol and cisatracurium besylate in biological fluids

Propofol and cisatracurium besylate have been simultaneously determined using a highly sensitive first derivative synchronous spectrofluorometric method. The method is based on measuring first derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric amplitude at Δλ = 40 nm with a scanning rate of 600 nm/min. The different experimental parameters affecting the fluorescence intensity of the two drugs were carefully studied and optimized. The amplitude–concentration plots were rectilinear over the range 40.0–400.0 ng/mL and 20.0–280.0 ng/mL for propofol and cisatracurium, respectively with lower detection limits of 4.0 and 2.35 ng/mL and quantification limits of 12.1 and 7.1 ng/mL for propofol and cisatracurium, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of the two compounds in synthetic mixtures and in commercial ampoules. The high sensitivity attained using the proposed method allowed the simultaneous determination of both drugs in spiked plasma samples. The mean % recoveries in spiked human plasma (n = 3) were 96.53 ± 0.90 and 96.20 ± 1.64 for each of propofol and cisatracurium, respectively. The method was validated in compliance with International Council of Harmonization (ICH) Guidelines.