Male advancement in prenatal hand development

Male advancement in the developing hand was evidenced by 66 grossly and microscopically normal embryos in the 15–75 mm crown-rump range. Male advancement was particularly pronounced in the younger (15–30 mm) embryos, both in the proximal hand region including the round bones of the wrist and in the distal hand region, comprising the metacarpals and phalanges. Thirty-four additional embryos, abnormal in implantation or development or representing spontaneous abortion similarly evidenced male advancement in the early hand skeleton.     

Sub-millimetre accurate human hand kinematics: from surface to skeleton

A highly accurate human hand kinematics model and identification are proposed. The model includes the five digits and the palm arc based on mapping function between surface landmarks and estimated joint centres of rotation. Model identification was experimentally performed using a motion tracking system. The evaluation of the marker position estimation error, which is on sub-millimetre level across all digits, underlines model quality and accuracy. Noticeably, with the development of this model, we were able to improve various modelling assumptions from literature and found a basic linear relationship between surface and skeleton rotational angles.     

The development of the thoracic duct lymphangions in the prenatal period of human ontogeny]

This paper concerns structural and functional organization of the human lymphatic system during the prenatal period. For the first time the data is presented on the development of thoracic duct based on the concept of lymphangion as a structural and functional unit of a lymphatic vessel. The formation of the duct is considered in connection with structural changes of its wall and variants of duct roots fusion. The following stages are distinguished in the development of the thoracic duct: valval segment stage, protolymphangion, and lymphangion.     

The results of non-operative management of stiff joints in the hand.

We selected 500 patients randomly from a total of 1300 patients seen in our Hand Rehabilitation Center between 1971 and 1975; 212 of the 500 presented with a chief complaint of stiff hand joints. Of the 212 patients treated non-operatively, 173 responded sufficiently to this treatment alone. Of the 789 stiff joints, 686 responded sufficiently to this treatment alone. The results of this regime of non-operative treatment of stiff joints provide excellent functional improvement in most patients, with a large saving of money through the reduction in disability payments required.     

Pathology of amniogenesis in the early prenatal period of human development

Morphological and, in a number of cases, cytogenetical investigation has been performed in 420 intact embryonal sacs and in embryos 7-8-week-old, obtained at spontaneous abortions (272) and at tubal pregnancy (148). Among these cases 202 (48.1%) intact empty embryonal sacs, 75 (17.9%) embryos with panorganodysplasia, 25 (6%) embryos with isolated developmental defects and 118 (28%) phenotypically normal embryos have been revealed. Pathology of amniogenesis such as aplasia or hypoplasia of the amniotic cavity is noted in 136 (32.4%) cases. Among 75 embryos with panorganodysplasia anomalies such as hypoplasia of the amniotic cavity in combination with a partial extra-amniotic++ position of the embryos in exocelom (10.7%), aplasia (5.3%) or hypoplasia (17.3%) amniotic peduncle is present in 43 (57.3%) observations. Out of 40 such cases at spontaneous abortions, cytogenetically investigated, in 27 (67.5%) chromosomal disorders (tetraploidy, triploidy, autosomal trisomy and monosomy) are revealed. Aplasia and hypoplasia of the amniotic cavity are considered as pathology of histogenesis at the tissue stage of the early human ontogenesis, that most evidently occurs as a result of asplasia, destruction or anomaly of embryoblast during the first phase of gastrulation on the 7th-11th day of the intrauterine development.