Aqueous extract of Paeoniae Radix Rubra prevents deep vein thrombosis by ameliorating inflammation through inhibiting GSK3β activity

BackgroundDeep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a kind of blood stasis syndrome. Paeoniae Radix Rubra (PRR) has long been widely used for eliminating blood stasis in China, but its effect on DVT has not yet been reported.PurposeThe present study aimed to assess the potential inhibitory effect of the aqueous extract of PRR (i.e.,PRR dispensing granule, PRRDG) on DVT and explore the underlying mechanism.Study design/MethodsThe chemical profile of PRRDG was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Sprague-Dawley rats were intragastrically treated with PRRDG (0.625, 1.25 and 1.875 g crude drug/kg/d) once daily for 7 consecutive days. On the sixth day, a model of inferior vena cava (IVC) stenosis-induced DVT was established. All rats were sacrificed on the seventh day. Serum was collected for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Thrombus-containing IVC was weighed and further processed for histopathologic examination, immunohistochemical analysis and western blotting. LiCl and LY294002 were adopted to block and increase the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), respectively.ResultsThe chemical profile analysis showed that paeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, albiflorin, gallic acid and catechin were the main constituents of PRRDG. LiCl decreased thrombus weight, reduced the number of inflammatory cells in thrombus and vein wall, down-regulated phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (p-p65) protein expression. Similarly, PRRDG decreased thrombus weight and tissue factor (TF) protein expression. PRRDG reduced the protein expression levels of P-selectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in venous endothelium, serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and the number of inflammatory cells in thrombus and vein wall. Moreover, PRRDG down-regulated p-p65 protein expression and up-regulated phosphorylated GSK3β (p-GSK3β) protein expression. LY294002 abrogated the inhibitory effects of PRRDG on thrombus weight, TF protein expression, TNF-α and IL-1β serum levels, inflammatory cells influxes, and p-p65 protein expression.ConclusionPRRDG prevents DVT by ameliorating inflammation through inhibiting GSK3β activity.     

Nrf2对缺氧/复氧诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞线粒体分裂的影响

目的:通过体外模拟脑缺血再灌注损伤的细胞模型,探究核转录相关因子2(nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2,Nrf2)与线粒体分裂是否存在调控关系。方法:通过三气培养箱和无糖培养基模拟氧糖剥夺/复氧(Oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion,OGD/R)的条件,将OGD4 h、6h、8h和10h与R0h、6h、12h、18h、24h多个时间点组合,通过CCK8试剂盒(Cell Counting Kit-8,CCK8)检测细胞的存活率,最终以细胞凋亡明显但仍有半数存活的OGD4 h/恢复R18 h为条件建立细胞OGD/R模型;用Nrf2激动剂叔丁基对苯二酚(Tert-butylhydroquinone,t BHQ)和抑制剂鸦胆子苦醇(Brusatol,Bru)对细胞进行干预处理;蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot,WB)法检测Nrf2、动力相关蛋白1(Dynamin-related protein 1,Drp1)的表达量;制备细胞沉淀的切片,通过电镜观察细胞内线粒体的形态。结果:OGD/R+t BHQ组Nrf2蛋白的表达明显高于OGD/R组,且OGD/R+t BHQ组Drp1蛋白的表达则低于OGD/R组(P0.05),而OGD/R+Bru组Nrf2蛋白的表达低于OGD/R组,且OGD/R+Bru组Drp1蛋白的表达高于OGD/R组(P0.05);电镜观察结果显示OGD/R+t BHQ组线粒体分裂的程度和比例较OGD/R组有所减少,而在OGD/R+Bru组有增多(P0.05)。结论:Nrf2对线粒体分裂有负向调控作用,可能机制是经由Drp1蛋白发挥作用。     

SIRT3在氧糖剥夺再灌注损伤小鼠神经元中的表达及意义

目的:通过建立体外脑缺血模型,探讨沉默信息因子3(SIRT3)在小鼠皮层神经元氧糖剥夺再灌注(OGD/R)损伤后的表达和意义。方法:C57BL/6J小鼠皮层神经元原代培养7天后,以氧糖剥夺不同时长(2 h、4 h、6 h、8 h)再灌注24 h作为观察时间点,利用细胞增殖-毒性检测试剂盒(Cell Counting Kit-8,CCK-8)检测细胞活力;小鼠乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)试剂盒检测LDH释放;蛋白印迹法(Western blot WB)观察微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC3-Ⅱ)、活化凋亡蛋白3(Cleaved caspase-3)、以及SIRT3的表达变化;免疫荧光下进一步观察LC3-II、SIRT3表达。结果:与正常组比,随着氧糖剥夺时间的延长,LDH释放量呈台阶式升高(P0.01),而神经元活性进展性下降(P0.01);蛋白印迹结果发现在缺血损伤后LC3-Ⅱ整体上调,并于OGD 4h达峰值,SIRT3分子表达趋势与LC3-Ⅱ相似均呈抛物线状,而Cleaved caspase-3整体上调;相应的,细胞免疫荧光结果显示缺血损伤后神经元胞体和突起中LC3呈点状高表达,与此同时SIRT3荧光强度亦增高。结论:神经元缺血时间越长损伤越重;LC3-Ⅱ和SIRT3表达呈现相似性;SIRT3可能通过调控线粒体自噬参与了拮抗神经元缺血损伤的作用。     

小鼠缺血性脑损伤模型急性期海马SIRT3与自噬相关蛋白表达水平的相关性分析

摘要 目的：观察小鼠缺血性脑损伤模型急性期海马区域沉默信息因子3(SIRT3)和自噬相关蛋白的表达,并探讨两者的相关性。方法：选择C57BL/6J小鼠,采用大脑中动脉阻塞(MCAO)法建立缺血性脑损伤模型,并将小鼠随机分为假手术组(sham)和模型组(MCAO)。缺血性脑损伤急性期(6h),采用间接免疫荧光法观察小鼠海马CA1、CA3和DG区域SIRT3的表达,应用蛋白印迹法检测SIRT3、自噬相关蛋白LC3 I/II和Beclin-1的表达,而后用Spearman相关性分析明确SIRT3和LC3-II、Beclin-1表达的相关性。结果：海马各区域SIRT3阳性细胞数量在损伤后明显增多(P<0.05),且SIRT3蛋白表达也相对上调(P<0.05);损伤后自噬相关蛋白LC3-II和Beclin-1表达亦增高(P<0.05);Spearman相关性分析发现SIRT3与自噬相关蛋白LC3-II、Beclin-1表达均呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论：小鼠缺血性脑损伤模型急性期海马区域SIRT3和自噬相关蛋白的表达具有显著相关性,SIRT3对海马区域自噬的调节可能有重要作用。     

基于PERK/Nrf2/HO-1信号通路研究瑞马唑仑对心肌缺血再灌注损伤大鼠铁死亡的影响

摘要 目的：基于蛋白激酶R样内质网激酶（PERK）/核因子E2相关因子2（Nrf2）/血红素氧合酶-1（HO-1）信号通路探究瑞马唑仑对心肌缺血再灌注损伤（MIRI）大鼠铁死亡的影响。方法：将90只SD大鼠随机分为假手术（Sham）组、MIRI组、低剂量-瑞马唑仑组（L-瑞马唑仑组,5 mg/kg）、高剂量-瑞马唑仑组（H-瑞马唑仑组,20 mg/kg）、H-瑞马唑仑+PERK抑制剂组（瑞马唑仑20 mg/kg+GSK2606414 1 mg/kg）,每组18只。采用结扎冠状动脉左前降支（LAD）0.5 h、再灌注2 h制备MIRI大鼠模型,于再灌注2 h后即刻尾静脉注射给药,再灌注24 h后进行组织取材。酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法检测血清心肌损伤标志物[肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）、心肌肌钙蛋白I（cTnI）]水平;HE染色观察心肌组织病理改变;Tunel染色检测心肌细胞凋亡;透射电镜观察心肌细胞超微结构变化;检测心肌组织中铁死亡相关标志物[铁、活性氧（ROS）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）]水平;蛋白质印迹法（Western Blot）检测心肌组织中PERK/Nrf2/HO-1信号通路相关蛋白表达。结果：与Sham组相比,MIRI组心肌结构受损,纤维排列紊乱,线粒体呈现显著的铁死亡特征（膜固缩,膜密度增加,嵴减少）,血清中CK-MB、cTnI水平,心肌细胞凋亡率及心肌组织中铁、ROS、MDA水平升高（P<0.05）,心肌组织中GSH水平及p-PERK/PERK、核Nrf2/Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达降低（P<0.05）;与MIRI组相比,L-瑞马唑仑组和H-瑞马唑仑组心肌组织上述病理改变明显减轻,血清CK-MB、cTnI水平,心肌细胞凋亡率及心肌组织中铁、ROS、MDA水平降低（P<0.05）,心肌组织中GSH水平及p-PERK/PERK、核Nrf2/Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达升高（P<0.05）;与H-瑞马唑仑组相比,H-瑞马唑仑+PERK抑制剂组心肌组织上述病理改变加重,血清CK-MB、cTnI水平,心肌细胞凋亡率及心肌组织中铁、ROS、MDA水平升高（P<0.05）,心肌组织中GSH水平及p-PERK/PERK、核Nrf2/Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达降低（P<0.05）。结论：瑞马唑仑可通过抑制铁死亡减轻大鼠MIRI,可能通过激活PERK/Nrf2/HO-1信号通路而实现。     

Nrf2激动剂CDDO-Im对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠肝脏脂肪变性的影响

摘要 目的：探究Nrf2激动剂CDDO-Im对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠肝脏脂肪变性的作用。方法：33只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为两组：一组16只饲喂普通饲料,另一组17只饲喂高脂饲料建立肥胖模型。造模成功后将小鼠随机分成四组：普通饲料溶剂对照组（Control ND组）、普通饲料Nrf2激动剂组（Nrf2(+) ND组）、高脂饲料溶剂对照组（Control HFD组）和高脂饲料Nrf2激动剂组（Nrf2(+) HFD组）。分别给予Nrf2激动剂CDDO-Im和等体积溶剂灌胃干预6周后,检测各组小鼠血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（T-CHO）和低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）。苏木素-伊红（HE）染色观察肝脏组织形态学变化。RT-qPCR检测肝脏Nrf2下游抗氧化基因Nqo1、Ho1和Gclc的mRNA表达水平,Western Blot检测肝脏NQO1、HO-1和GCLC的蛋白表达水平。结果：与正常小鼠相比,肥胖小鼠的体重、TG和LDL-C升高（P＜0.05）,肝脏脂肪变性增加,GCLC的蛋白表达水平降低（P＜0.05）。在肥胖小鼠中,与溶剂对照组相比,Nrf2激动剂组小鼠的体重、血清TG降低（P＜0.05）,肝脏脂肪变性减轻,Nqo1和Gclc的mRNA表达水平升高（P＜0.05）,NQO1和GCLC的蛋白表达水平升高（P＜0.05）。结论：Nrf2激动剂CDDO-Im可改善高脂饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠肝脏脂肪变性,可能与Nrf2激动剂CDDO-Im激活抗氧化基因的表达来减轻肝细胞氧化应激有关。     

缺氧微环境SIRT1亚细胞定位对结直肠癌细胞凋亡的影响及其机制研究

目的:探究缺氧微环境SIRT1亚细胞定位对结直肠癌细胞凋亡的影响及其分子机制。方法:将编码过表达野生型SIRT1以及核定位序列(nuclear localization sequence,NLS)突变型SIRT1(SIRT1NLSmt)的慢病毒载体转染人类结肠癌HCT116细胞株,经嘌呤霉素筛选获得稳定过表达野生型SIRT1细胞株(LV-SIRT1细胞)和细胞质定位的NLS突变型SIRT1细胞株(LV-SIRT1NLSmt细胞),通过观察慢病毒载体编码的SIRT1-GFP融合蛋白的荧光定位,明确稳定转染细胞中外源性SIRT1的亚细胞定位。利用real-time PCR、Western blot法对分离提取的核-质蛋白进行检测,证实外源性SIRT1的表达和亚细胞定位情况。利用CCK-8细胞毒性实验、流式细胞术检测和TUNEL染色比较缺氧(1%O2)处理前后LV-SIRT1和LV-SIRT1NLSmt细胞存活或凋亡情况,Western blot法检测凋亡相关蛋白p53、ac-p53(K382)、Bcl-2、Bax、caspase-3和cleaved caspase-3表达水平。结果:Western blot、real-time PCR和免疫荧光染色结果显示稳定转染细胞均存在外源性SIRT1的过表达,NLS突变可导致SIRT1NLSmt富集于细胞质中;与亲本细胞HCT116和LV-SIRT1NLSmt细胞相比,LV-SIRT1细胞对缺氧的耐受能力最差、细胞凋亡水平最高,凋亡相关蛋白p53、Bax、caspase-3、cleaved caspase-3表达水平显著升高,ac-p53(K382)和Bcl-2表达水平显著下降,且LV-SIRT1细胞的胞核ac-p53下降最为显著。结论:在缺氧微环境中,细胞核定位的SIRT1通过影响p53的去乙酰化水平促进结直肠癌细胞凋亡。     

MiR-373 exacerbates renal injury and fibrosis via NF-κB/MatrixMetalloproteinase-9 signaling by targeting Sirtuin1

BackgroundRenal fibrosis is a final common pathway of chronic kidney disease. SIRT1, a NAD⁺-dependent protein deacetylase, deacetylates the p65 of NF-κB and shows protective effects in kidney disorders. miR-373 directly targets the 3′UTR of SIRT1. However, roles of miR-373 in renal fibrosis are unclear.MethodsTGF-β1, a critical regulator of fibrosis, was used to stimulate human kidney-2 cells to establish cell model for renal fibrosis. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was performed as an in vivo model.ResultsTGF-β1 induced the level of miR-373, reduced level of SIRT1, and promoted p65 acetylation and MMP-9 expression. These effects were reversed by the miR-373 inhibitor. In the animal model, UUO caused a consistent pattern as demonstrated in vitro.ConclusionThese results indicated an undesired effect of miR-373 in the regulation of renal injury and fibrosis by targeting SIRT1-mediated NF-κB/MMP-9 signaling, which might provide a potential therapeutic strategy for renal fibrosis.     

缺氧通过SIRT1调控结直肠癌细胞自噬

目的:探究缺氧调控结直肠癌细胞自噬的分子机制。方法:分别在常氧及缺氧(1%氧气浓度)条件下处理细胞,western blot检测细胞内沉默信息调节因子1(Silencing Information Regulator 1,SIRT1)及自噬相关标志分子的表达情况;慢病毒转染构建SIRT1稳定过表达或敲减细胞株,利用透射电镜观察细胞内自噬体形成的情况;使用m RFP-GFP-LC3双标腺病毒感染细胞,在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下观察细胞自噬流的进展。结果:Western blot结果显示,缺氧条件下,HCT116及SW480细胞内SIRT1的表达水平随着缺氧时间的延长而降低,自噬特异性底物p62蛋白水平降低且LC3-I/II转换增加;与对照组相比,SIRT1过表达细胞内自噬特异性底物p62的表达水平升高而LC3-I/II转换受到抑制;相反在SIRT1敲减细胞内,p62的表达水平降低而LC3-I/II转换进一步促进。透射电镜结果发现SIRT1过表达后,细胞内自噬溶酶体形成减少、自噬体数量增多;激光共聚焦结果显示,SIRT1过表达细胞内绿色荧光淬灭减少、自噬体与自噬溶酶体的融合收到明显抑制,说明SIRT1通过抑制自噬溶酶体的形成,阻断自噬流的进展。结论:缺氧通过抑制SIRT1的表达促进结直肠癌的细胞自噬。     

miR-19通过Keap-Nrf2/HO-1信号通路对卵巢癌细胞增殖的影响

摘要 目的：研究卵巢癌组织和细胞中miR-19的表达,探讨其异常表达对卵巢癌细胞Kelch样环氧氯丙烷相关蛋白-1（Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein1,Keap1）--核因子E2相关因子2（nuclearfactor-E2-relatedfactor2,Nrf2） /血红素氧合酶-1（heme oxygenase1,HO-1）信号通路及卵巢癌细胞增殖的影响。方法：回顾性收集2019年1月至2020年12月于我院就诊的患者经病理切片诊断为卵巢癌上皮细胞的手术标本30例,卵巢良性肿瘤标本30例,正常卵巢组织标本30例。免疫组化检测不同标本中Keap1、Nrf2、HO-1的表达,检测卵巢组织及细胞中miR-19、Keap1、Nrf2、HO-1的mRNA表达水平,及卵巢癌细胞中Keap1、Nrf2、HO-1的蛋白表达水平。在OVCAR-3细胞中沉默miR-19后,Western Blot检测细胞内Keap1、Nrf2、HO-1蛋白表达水平,收集沉默miR-19,对照组,沉默Nrf2、对照组的OVCAR-3细胞,继续培养0 h、24 h、48 h后,检测细胞增殖和凋亡。结果：Keap1蛋白在卵巢癌组织中的阳性表达显著低于良性卵巢肿瘤组织及正常卵巢组织;Nrf2和HO-1蛋白在卵巢癌组织中的阳性表达显著低于良性卵巢肿瘤组织及正常卵巢组织（P＜0.05）;沉默miR-19抑制其表达后,细胞内Keap1 mRNA、蛋白表达水平明显升高,Nrf2、HO-1 mRNA表达水平无明显变化,蛋白表达水平明显降低（P＜0.05）;沉默miR-19 组、沉默Nrf2组与转染阴性对照组相比,增殖能力明显降低,凋亡能力明显升高（P＜0.05）。结论：卵巢癌细胞中,miR-19表达水平升高,可通过调控Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1信号通路影响卵巢癌细胞的增值、凋亡能力。     

Saikosaponin A alleviates Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis via SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway

Mastitis is a common and serious bacterial infection of the mammary gland. Saikosaponin A (SSA) is a triterpenoid saponin isolated from Bupleurum falcatum that has the ability to treat various diseases. However, little is known about the role of SSA in achieving mastitis remission. Here, we found that SSA alleviated Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-induced mastitis by attenuating inflammation and maintaining blood-milk barrier integrity. Furthermore, S. aureus activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway by upregulated p-p65 and p-IκB. S. aureus also induced ferroptosis in mammary gland in mice, mainly characterized by excessive iron accumulation, mitochondrial morphological changes and impaired antioxidant production. However, S. aureus-induced NF-κB activation and ferroptosis were prevented by SSA. Moreover, SAA could upregulate the expression of SIRT1, Nrf2, HO-1 and GPX4. And the inhibitory effects of SAA on inflammation and ferroptosis were reversed by SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527. In conclusion, SAA protected S. aureus-induced mastitis through suppressing inflammation and ferroptosis by activating SIRT1/Nrf2 pathway.     

Naringenin protects RPE cells from NaIO3-induced oxidative damage in vivo and in vitro through up-regulation of SIRT1

BackgroundDry age-related macular degeneration (dAMD) leads to serious burden of visual impairment and there is no definitive treatment. Previous studies have showed that naringenin (NAR) significantly increased electroretinography (ERG) c-wave in sodium iodate (NaIO₃)-treated rats and viability of NaIO₃-treated ARPE-19 cells. But the underlying mechanism is still unknown.PurposeWe tested the hypothesis that anti-oxidation mediated by Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was important to the protective effect of NAR on dAMD.Study design/MethodsNaIO₃-induced mice retinopathy and ARPE-19 cells injury models were established. In vivo, the protective effect of NAR eye drops on retina was evaluated by flash ERG (FERG) recording and histopathological examination. In vitro, viability of ARPE-19 cells, and the levels of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and carbonyl protein were detected. Protein expression of SIRT1 was analyzed by immunochemical staining, immunofluorescence and western blotting.ResultsNAR eye drops improved retinal function and morphology and normalized the protein expression of SIRT1 in mice exposed to NaIO₃. NAR promoted the survival of ARPE-19 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. NAR up-regulated SIRT1 protein expression, and decreased levels of ROS and carbonyl protein. Moreover, EX527, a selective inhibitor of SIRT1, abolished the effects of NAR on the cell viability and ROS. In addition, SRT1720, a selective agonist of SIRT1, improved the viability of cells and suppressed the production of ROS.ConclusionOur findings indicate that SIRT1-mediated anti-oxidation contributes to the protective effect of NAR eye drops on dAMD.     

Combination therapy with bone marrow stromal cells and FK506 enhanced amelioration of ischemic brain damage in rats

AimsWe previously reported that cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2 (CysLT₂) mediates ischemic astrocyte injury, and leukotriene D₄-activated CysLT₂ receptor up-regulates the water channel aquaporin 4 (AQP4). Here we investigated the mechanism underlying CysLT₂ receptor-mediated ischemic astrocyte injury induced by 4-h oxygen-glucose deprivation and 24-h recovery (OGD/R).Main methodsPrimary cultures of rat astrocytes were treated by OGD/R to construct the cell injury model. AQP4 expression was inhibited by small interfering RNA (siRNA). The expressions of AQP4 and CysLTs receptors, and the MAPK signaling pathway were determined.Key findingsOGD/R induced astrocyte injury, and increased expression of the CysLT₂ (but not CysLT₁) receptor and AQP4. OGD/R-induced cell injury and AQP4 up-regulation were inhibited by a CysLT₂ receptor antagonist (Bay cysLT2) and a non-selective CysLT receptor antagonist (Bay u9773), but not by a CysLT₁ receptor antagonist (montelukast). Knockdown of AQP4 by siRNA attenuated OGD/R injury. Furthermore, OGD/R increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38, whose inhibitors relieved the cell injury and AQP4 up-regulation.SignificanceThe CysLT₂ receptor mediates AQP4 up-regulation in astrocytes, and up-regulated AQP4 leads to OGD/R-induced injury, which results from activation of the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways.     

Corynoline protects against zearalenone-induced liver injury by activating the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway

Corynoline has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects. In the present study, the potential protective effects of corynoline against zearalenone (ZEA)-induced liver injury were investigated. ZEA was administered daily for 5 days. Then, liver tissues were used for subsequent experiments. Corynoline attenuated liver histopathological changes induced by ZEA. The production of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in liver tissues, as well as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum, was also inhibited by corynoline. Meanwhile, ZEA-induced MPO activity and MDA content were both attenuated by corynoline. ZEA-induced NF-κB p65 and IκBα phosphorylation were inhibited by corynoline. Furthermore, SIRT1, Nrf2, and HO-1 expression were increased by corynoline. In addition, the protective effects of corynoline against liver injury were reversed by the SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527. Taken together, corynoline protected against ZEA-induced liver injury by activating the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.     

Resveratrol with antioxidant activity inhibits matrix metalloproteinase via modulation of SIRT1 in human fibrosarcoma cells

AimsResveratrol, a silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) activator, has been reported to act as an antioxidant contained in red wine and prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases. Histone deacetylase such as SIRT1 is involved in the regulation of lifespan extension. In this study, the effect of resveratrol on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that play an important role in metastasis was examined in human fibrosarcoma cell line, HT1080.Main methodsThe effect of resveratrol on MMPs' activity was evaluated using gelatin zymography. Western blot analysis and RT-PCR assay were used to determine the effect of resveratrol on the expression level of MMP-9, MAPK and SIRT1 proteins and genes, respectively.Key findingsIt was observed that resveratrol exhibited not only antioxidant effects on lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidation but also inhibitory effects on the expression of MMP-2 and 9 in HT1080 cells stimulated with either phorbol myristate acetate or phenazine methosulfate. Furthermore, it was found that treatment with resveratrol decreased the level of MMP-9 expression via down-regulation of p-ERK, c-fos and p65. In addition, the level of SIRT1 gene expression was also enhanced by treatment of resveratrol alone but the level of MMP-9 gene expression was decreased.SignificanceThese results suggest that the activation of SIRT1 in the presence of resveratrol especially inhibits the expression of MMP-9 in HT1080 cells, providing evidence that resveratrol can be a potential candidate for chemoprevention of cancer.     

Resveratrol reduces vascular cell senescence through attenuation of oxidative stress by SIRT1/NADPH oxidase-dependent mechanisms

ObjectiveSenescence of vascular cells contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases and the overall aging. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of resveratrol (Res) on amelioration of vascular cell aging and the role of SIRT1/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase pathway.Methods and ResultsAdult male Wistar rats were treated with a high-fat/sucrose diet (HFS) in the presence or absence of Res for 3 months. HFS and in vitro treatment with high glucose increased the senescence cells and reactive oxygen species production in rat aorta and cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs), respectively, which was attenuated by Res treatment. Res protected against HFS- or high-glucose-induced increase in NADPH oxidase p47phox expression and decrease in SIRT1 level. Apocynin, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, down-regulated p47phox protein expression, but had no influence on SIRT1 protein; sirtinol, a SIRT1 inhibitor, aggravated the decrease in SIRT1 protein level and the increase in p47phox protein expression induced by high glucose.ConclusionOur studies suggested that Res was able to reverse the senescence process in aorta induced by HFS in rats or induced by the exposure to high glucose in cultured BAECs. The underlying mechanism is at least SIRT1/NADPH oxidase pathway dependent.     

miR-96-5p靶向FOXO1调节脑缺血再灌注损伤机制

摘要 目的：探究miR-96-5p在脑缺血再灌注损伤（CIRI）中的作用及机制。方法：通过qRT-PCR检测36例确诊的缺血性脑卒中患者（IS患者组）和30例健康体检者（健康组）的血清miR-96-5p水平。将PC12细胞分为5组：对照组、NC-ag组、miR-96-5p-ag组、NC-an组、miR-96-5p-an组。采用Lipofectamine 2000对PC12细胞进行转染,通过qRT-PCR验证转染效率。将PC12细胞分为6组：对照组、氧糖剥夺/复氧复糖（OGD/R）组、OGD/R+NC-ag组、OGD/R+miR-ag组、OGD/R+NC-an组、OGD/R+miR-an组。根据分组对PC12细胞进行OGD/R处理和转染。通过MTT法检测PC12细胞活力,TUNEL法检测PC12细胞凋亡。采用改良Longa法建立大鼠CIRI模型,然后将大鼠分为假手术组、CIRI组、CIRI+NC-an组和CIRI+miR-an组。假手术组和CIRI组大鼠尾静脉注射生理盐水,CIRI+NC-an组和CIRI+miR-an组大鼠分别尾静脉注射NC-antagomir和miR-96-5p-antagomir。然后检测各组大鼠的神经功能评分、脑梗死体积和脑组织细胞凋亡情况。按照试剂盒说明书测定PC12细胞和大鼠脑组织中MDA、SOD和GSH-Px的含量。通过qRT-PCR检测PC12细胞和大鼠脑组织miR-96-5p和Forkhead box O1（FOXO1） mRNA水平,通过Western blot检测FOXO1、Ac-FOXO1、Bax和Bcl-2的蛋白表达水平。结果：与Health组比较,IS组患者的血清miR-96-5p水平显著升高（P<0.001）。与对照组和NC-ag组比较,miR-96-5p-ag组的miR-96-5p水平升高,FOXO1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均降低,FOXO1的乙酰化水平升高（P<0.05）。与对照组和NC-an组比较,miR-96-5p-an组的miR-96-5p水平降低,FOXO1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平均升高,FOXO1的乙酰化水平降低（P<0.05）。与OGD/R组和OGD/R+NC-an组比较,OGD/R+miR-an组的相对细胞活力升高,TUNEL阳性率降低,Bax的蛋白相对表达量降低,Bcl-2的蛋白相对表达量升高,MDA水平降低,SOD和GSH-Px水平升高,miR-96-5p水平降低,FOXO1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平升高,FOXO1的乙酰化水平降低（P<0.05）。与CIRI组和CIRI+NC-an组比较,CIRI+miR-an组大鼠的神经功能评分和脑梗死体积降低,TUNEL阳性率降低,Bax的蛋白相对表达量降低,Bcl-2的蛋白相对表达量升高,MDA水平降低,SOD和GSH-Px水平升高,miR-96-5p水平降低,FOXO1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平升高,FOXO1的乙酰化水平降低（P<0.05）。结论：miR-96-5p在CIRI发生过程中表达上调,而下调miR-96-5p表达可能通过负调控FOXO1以减轻CIRI程度。