鱼腥藻SP.595液泡化原生质球诱导条件的研究

用浓度为0．15mol／L的KNO3、KCl、K2SO4、KH2PO4、K2HPO4、NaNO3、NaCl、Na2SO4、NaH2PO4、Na2HPO4、(NH4)2SO4、MgSO4、CaC12等单盐分别配合0．1％的溶菌酶处理鱼腥藻sp．595(Anabaenasp．595)。经4h,KH2PO4、K2SO4、Na2SO4、NaH2PO4、(NH4)2SO4、MgSO4、CaC12能诱导形成原生质球,但液泡化原生质球极少,而KNO3、NaNO3、NaC1诱导形成少量液泡化原生质球。用相近浓度的双盐,即KNO3和NaC1、KNO3和(NH4)2SO4、NaC1和(NH4)2SO4分别配合0．1％的溶菌酶处理,诱导效果亦不佳。用相近浓度的三盐NaC1、KNO3和(NH4)2SO4及五种盐NaC1、KNO3、(NH4)2SO4、Na2HPO4和KH2PO4分别配合0．1％的溶菌酶处理,诱导原生质球和液泡化原生质球的效果明显提高,液泡化原生质球比例达到66．90％—79．97％。     

重金属及微量元素诱导蓝藻形成液泡*

鱼腥藻595(Anabaena sp.595)、织线藻246(Plectonema boryanum 246)和伪枝藻248(Scynetonema hofmanni 248)在两种重金属汞、镉和两种微量元素铜、锌诱导下,藻丝细胞均能发生膨大、液泡化现象。不同重金属及微量元素对3种蓝藻液泡化诱导作用强弱程度不同。汞的诱导作用明显强于镉、铜和锌,0．1μmol／L汞可诱导3种蓝藻发生液泡化。采用压片法均观察到诱导形成的液泡,液泡在相差显微镜下显示为圆球形,基本透明。     

神农架地区川金丝猴栖息地四种树生地衣的氮敏感性

为了解氮沉降对神农架地区川金丝猴栖息地地衣多样性的潜在影响,本文以最大光合效率Fv/Fm、地衣细胞膜完整性(RE)和叶绿素OD435/OD415为指标,以神农架地区生物量较大、可能被川金丝猴取食的4种树生地衣(长松萝Usnea longissima、桦树松萝Usnea betulina、杯树花日本变种Ramalina calicaris var.japonica和裸缘衣Parmotrema hypoleucinum)为对象,以去离子水和不同浓度的KNO3、NH4NO3和(NH4)2SO4的溶液浸泡处理,采用MiniPAM荧光仪在氮处理前和处理后的0、24、48和72 h分别测定地衣的Fv/Fm值,在72 h后测定地衣浸出液电导率RE和叶绿素OD435/OD415值,研究4种地衣的氮敏感性。结果表明,4种地衣对72 h的高氮处理均表现出敏感性,但敏感的氮素类型和指示指标存在种间差异。其中,(1)以Fv/Fm为指标,长松萝和桦树松萝对KNO3最敏感,杯树花日本变种和裸缘衣则对(NH4)2SO4较为敏感;(2)以RE为指标时,长松萝和桦树松萝对(NH4)2SO4最敏感,而杯树花日本变种在KNO3、NH4NO3和(NH4)2SO4间无差异,裸缘衣则对(NH4)2SO4较为敏感;(3)以OD435/OD415为指标时,长松萝和裸缘衣对(NH4)2SO4较为敏感,桦树松萝对KNO3和(NH4)2SO4均敏感,杯树花日本变种则对KNO3、NH4NO3和(NH4)2SO4均敏感。上述研究结果不仅证明川金丝猴栖息地树生地衣面临氮沉降的现实威胁,还说明其氮敏感性具有种特异性和及其作用机制的复杂性。因此,进一步开展川金丝猴栖息地氮沉降特征及其对川金丝猴主食地衣影响的研究,对川金丝猴保育具有重要的意义。     

C、N、P对杜氏盐藻突变藻株Zea1生长和积累玉米黄素的影响

通过UV辐照和NTG诱变处理杜氏盐藻野生型藻株得到一株杜氏盐藻高产玉米黄素突变株Zea1,以此突变藻株为实验材料,系统研究了光照强度、盐浓度、碳源、氮源、磷源等对Zea1生长和玉米黄素积累合成的影响。葡萄糖在10mmol/L时既适合Zea1生长,又有利于其玉米黄素的积累。KNO3浓度为1mmol/L时最适合突变株藻细胞生长,而(NH4)2SO4浓度为1mmol/L最有利于藻细胞内玉米黄素的积累。综合来看,1mmol/L(NH4)2SO4为最优氮源。KH2PO4浓度为0.1mmol/L时Zea1藻细胞积累玉米黄素含量最高,同时在此浓度下也最适宜藻细胞的生长。讨论了此结果的机理和意义,为利用杜氏盐藻大规模生产玉米黄素提供了理论依据。     

青霉素处理检查和分离蓝藻细胞液泡

蓝藻是否有液泡一直是一个悬而未决的问题 [1,2 ] 。近年来 ,郭厚良等在原生质球研究中[3 ,4] 发现一些无机盐能诱导某些蓝藻细胞形成液泡[5] ,随后又发现细胞液泡 [6] ,并通过原生质球途径实现了无机盐诱导液泡的分离[7] 。应当说 ,细胞液泡较之无机盐诱导分化形成的液泡具有更大的重要性。但在细胞液泡方面尚有诸多问题不够明确 ,如细胞液泡的分化频率 ,细胞液泡存在的普通性以及如何分离细胞液泡等。为此 ,我们进行了青霉素细胞检查和分离蓝藻细胞液泡的试验。1　材料和方法1 .1　藻种及培养研究使用了 3种蓝藻 ,鱼腥藻 71 2 0、发状念珠…     

无机盐诱导鱼腥藻 595 (Anabaena sp.595)的细胞学效应

鱼腥藻 595 (Anabaenasp. 595)在0.05 mol/L钾、钠、铵的盐酸盐、硝酸盐、硫酸盐和磷酸盐的诱导下,2 d后即出现显著的细胞学效应：细胞体积增大,明显液泡化;少数细胞发生横向和不均等分裂;藻丝片段化,异形胞分化率相对提高。其中,铵盐培养的藻丝细胞内出现特异的浓缩颗粒状区域。钙盐、镁盐也诱导类似细胞学变化,但作用较弱。在含 0.1 mol/L NaCl的培养基中长期培养,细胞出现周期性分化行为,开始细胞膨大并液泡化,以后色素质重新充满细胞,液泡消失,然后细胞分裂至正常细胞大小,成为接近正常的藻丝,但接着又膨大液泡化,如此进入新的周期过程。     

十四属蓝藻液泡的检查和分离

采用压片法,渗透冲击法和原生质球法,对14个属的不同蓝藻进行了液泡存在的检查和分离试验,每种蓝藻都检查到液泡,无一例外。其中鱼腥藻、念珠藻、项圈藻、席藻、简孢藻等都能形成液泡化原生质球,原生质球低渗破裂释放液泡,液泡得率极高,不同种的液泡都耐低渗。因此,本研究证明液泡在蓝藻中的存在是普遍的。     

无机盐诱导鱼腥藻 595 (Anabaena sp.595)的细胞学效应

鱼腥藻595(Anabaena sp．595)在0．05mol／L钾、钠、铵的盐酸盐、硝酸盐、硫酸盐和磷酸盐的诱导下,2d后即出现显著的细胞学效应：细胞体积增大,明显液泡化;少数细胞发生横向和不均等分裂;藻丝片段化,异形胞分化率相对提高。其中,铵盐培养的藻丝细胞内出现特异的浓缩颗粒状区域。钙盐、镁盐也诱导类似细胞学变化,但作用较弱。在含0．1mol／L NaO的培养基中长期培养,细胞出现周期性分化行为,开始细胞膨大并液泡化,以后色素质重新充满细胞,液泡消失,然后细胞分裂至正常细胞大小,成为接近正常的藻丝,但接着又膨大液泡化,如此进入新的周期过程。     

山西运城盐池湖区蓝藻种类组成及分布特点

通过多年野外考查,在山西运城盐池湖区采集到蓝藻共17属35种(含变种),其中色球藻科9属19种,胶须藻科1属1种,颤藻科4属12种,念珠藻科3属3种.该区域的水体根据其含盐量的不同可分为4种类型:淡水水体(含盐量0.001%~0.05%)、混盐水体(含盐量0.05%~3%)、真盐水体(含盐量3%~4%)和高盐水体(含盐量4%~34.7%).受含盐量的影响,蓝藻在各类水体中的分布有明显差异,随含盐量增加,种类数减少,在高盐水体未见分布.与国内其它3个盐湖藻类的分布相比较,蓝藻在混盐水体比淡水水体具有更高的相似性.     

氮源对杜氏盐藻生长及光合系统Ⅱ的影响

以NaNO3、CO(NH_2)_2、NaNO2、NH4Cl作为氮源,并设无氮处理,研究杜氏盐藻(Dunaliella salina)生长及其PSⅡ对不同氮源的响应特征,以明确杜氏盐藻对不同氮源的利用情况,为盐藻培养基的优化和营养盐的筛选提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)杜氏盐藻在CO(NH_2)_2环境中具更高的比增长速率[μmax,(0.482±0.032)/d]。(2)NaNO2、NaNO3、CO(NH_2)_2作氮源时,杜氏盐藻快速光响应曲线的初始斜率(α)、最大光量子产率(Fv/Fm)及反应活性中心所捕获的光能(ABS/RC)、反应活性中心捕获的激发能用于还原QA的能量(TR0/RC)、最大光化学效率(φP0)、t=0时捕获的激子将电子传递到电子传递链中超过QA的其他电子受体的概率(ψ0)和t=0时用于电子传递的量子产额(φE0)在处理间均差异不显著(P0.05),但三者与无氮和NH4Cl处理组相比均具有显著差异。(3)与NaNO2、NaNO3、CO(NH_2)_2处理组相比,无氮环境使得盐藻相对可变荧光(Vj)显著升高,盐藻光合电子从QA-到QB的传递受阻,导致QA-大量积累;而NH4Cl做氮源时,杜氏盐藻叶绿素荧光动力学曲线的K相出现,使得其PSⅡ放氧复合体(OEC)受损。研究认为,杜氏盐藻在NaNO3、CO(NH_2)_2、NaNO2作为唯一氮源时均可良好生长,并在CO(NH_2)_2环境中生长得更快;缺氮胁迫使得盐藻生长受到显著抑制,PSⅡ反应活性中心的数量降低,电子传递受阻;而NH4Cl对杜氏盐藻的毒性效应使得其PSⅡ放氧复合体(OEC)受损,藻体在短期内开始死亡。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.