导读与评议

正(2016年第3期)面临夏季,本期针对蚊虫传播疾病刊出多篇论文与综述。为供读者及时阅读,其中"Zika病毒与Zika病毒病"及"Zika病毒感染的实验室诊断"特约专稿已于今年网上优先发表,本期则以纸质刊出。本期发表了于德山等的论文,他们在甘肃省陇南市及酒泉市(分别位于海拔900~2 500m及海拔200~5 700 m)共采集4 412只蚊虫,进行病毒分离和多种病毒基因特异性扩增检测。结果显示,我国     

Zika病毒与Zika病毒病

Zika病毒(Zika virus,ZIKV)是一种新现虫媒病毒,属于黄病毒科黄病毒属。其感染后临床表现为轻症发热,因病重住院者罕见。流行病学数据显示Zika病毒病的流行与自身免疫性神经性疾病格林-巴利综合征及先天性小头畸形有关,引起了专家和公众的关注,但具体机制有待深入研究。     

寨卡病毒新型疫苗的研究进展

寨卡病毒(Zika virus,ZIKV)感染可造成胎儿小头症及成人格林巴利综合症,世界卫生组织已将其定为世界公众健康紧急事件。因此急需要发展新型Zika疫苗。本文简要介绍寨卡病毒生物学性状、流行病学、临床表现,并重点对寨卡病毒3种新型疫苗(DNA、病毒载体、mRNA疫苗)研究进展进行综述与应用展望。     

导读与评议(2016年第4期)

正2016年8月6日在上海召开的《微生物与感染》全国编委会会议上,提出了如何在"导读与评论"栏目中突出重点。因此,从本期开始将对几篇特约专稿与论文加以重点介绍与评论。本期特约专稿由军事医学科学院生物工程研究所田德桥和陈薇撰写,题名为"基孔肯雅病毒与基孔肯雅热"。本刊已刊登过"Zika病毒与Zika病毒病"、"我国西尼罗病毒和Tahyna病毒的发现与流     

Science子刊:利用LAMP方法快速低成本地检测寨卡病毒

正在一项新的研究中,来自美国、巴西、尼加拉瓜和德国的研究人员开发出一种新的技术而使得通过捕捉和测试蚊子来监控寨卡病毒(Zika virus,ZIKV)传播能够变得更加快速和更加低廉。这种基于环介导等温扩增反应(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)的检测方法能够区分寨卡病毒亚洲毒株和非洲毒株,而且在理论上可能被用来在现场直接检测蚊子中     

寨卡病毒IgG抗体间接ELISA检测方法的初步建立

初步建立了寨卡病毒(Zika virus)IgG抗体的间接ELISA检测方法,为开发相应的血清学诊断试剂提供理论依据。选取寨卡病毒四种抗原,即E蛋白胞外区(Ectodomain)、NS1蛋白、C蛋白和rEⅢ蛋白进行重组表达和纯化,分别包被ELISA板并用间接法检测寨卡病人临床血清和正常人血清,确定每种检测抗原的检测敏感度和特异度。重组表达并纯化的四种寨卡病毒抗原浓度和纯度均达到检测要求。间接ELISA检测结果显示E蛋白胞外区和NS1蛋白的检测敏感度和特异度均达到较高水平,但C蛋白和rEⅢ蛋白的检测敏感度很低,不适合作为寨卡病毒的检测抗原。本研究初步评价了寨卡病毒四种抗原检测相应IgG抗体的敏感度和特异度,为研制血清学诊断试剂奠定了基础。     

Science子刊:利用LAMP方法快速低成本地检测寨卡病毒

正在一项新的研究中,来自美国、巴西、尼加拉瓜和德国的研究人员开发出一种新的技术而使得通过捕捉和测试蚊子来监控寨卡病毒(Zika virus,ZIKV)传播能够变得更加快速和更加低廉。这种基于环介导等温扩增反应(loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP)的检测方法能够区分寨卡病毒亚洲毒株和非洲毒株,而且在理论上可能被用来在现场直接检测蚊子中可能存在的寨卡病毒。相关研究结果发表在Science Translational Medicine期刊上,论文标题为"Rapid and specific detection of     

导读与评议(2016年第2期)

正本期特约专稿刊登了梁国栋教授撰写的经蚊传播、我国少见的西尼罗病毒和Tahyna病毒的分离与毒株分析及相关感染病例的综述,是值得广大读者阅读与学习的重要文章。这是本刊近期刊登寨卡病毒(Zika virus)及其相关疾病后,再度刊登的需认     

寨卡病毒检测研究进展

寨卡病毒病是近年来在非洲、亚洲、南美洲等地流行的一种隐性传染病.该病由寨卡病毒(Zika virus,ZIKV)感染导致,虽然患者或携带者的病情并不明显,或在短期内很难察觉.但由于近些年来的突然流行,患者数目的 急剧增加,而且各国间贸易往来愈加繁荣,亦加快了该疾病流行的步伐.疾病的防治离不开确切的诊断,如何快速、准确检测出寨卡病毒不容小觑,是急需解决的世界性难题之一.     

封面图片介绍

正寨卡病毒(Zika)为单股正链RNA病毒,直径40~70 nm,有包膜,包含10 794个核苷酸,编码3 419个氨基酸。寨卡病毒主要通过伊蚊叮咬传播,也可通过母婴传播及血液和性传播,灵长类动物(包括人)可能是寨卡病毒的主要宿主。寨卡病毒病的潜伏期(从接触到出现症状的时间)尚     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.