牛分枝杆菌CFP-10基因的表达和重组蛋白的纯化

根据GenBank中牛分枝杆菌的基因序列,设计合成一对扩增CFP-10基因完整ORF的特异性引物,以pET32a (+)为载体构建重组表达载体CFP-10/pET32a (+).重组表达载体转化大肠杆菌BL21 (DE3),经0.9 mmol/L IPTG 37℃诱导3 h后表达,收集菌体并裂解,裂解后上清和沉淀经SDS-PAGE分析,结果表明融合蛋白分子量分别为30 kD,表达产物以可溶性存在于上清中,后经Ni-NTA吸附柱方法对目的蛋白进行纯化,经薄层凝胶扫描分析,纯化后的His融合蛋白纯度达95%,该CFP-10表达蛋白可作为体外诊断抗原,为进一步建立检测牛分枝杆菌的方法奠定基础.     

牛分枝杆菌mpb64基因的克隆、鉴定及其表达

以牛型分枝杆菌基因组DNA为模板,PCR方法扩增mpb64基因,纯化PCR产物并与pDM18-T载体连接、转化,经酶切及核苷酸序列鉴定为正确后,酶切产物亚克隆到原核表达载体pET30a(+)的KpnI／EcoRI位点,构建重组表达质粒pET30a+-mpb64,转化到大肠杆菌DE3内,以IPTG进行诱导,终浓度为1mmol／L,诱导产物进行SDS-PAGE电泳。结果表明,PCR方法成功扩增出mpb64基因,核苷酸序列测定验证了其正确性,重组表达质粒表达的pET30a+-mpb64融合蛋白相对分子量为30.4kDa,与实测相符。牛分枝杆菌pET30a+-mpb64的成功表达为牛结核病的诊断及新型疫苗的研究奠定了基础。     

结核分枝杆菌分泌蛋白ESAT-6的表达、纯化和鉴定

目的：克隆结核分枝杆菌分泌蛋白ESAT-6基因,并在大肠杆菌中进行表达和纯化。方法：用PCR方法从结核分枝杆菌H37Rv基因组扩增出ESAT-6基因片段,克隆至pMD18一T载体中,序列测定正确后,将其亚克隆到表达载体pGEX-4T－1并在大肠杆菌DH5α中表达,表达蛋白经SDS—PAGE及Westem—blot分析后,亲和层析法纯化蛋白。结果：成功克隆了ESAT-6基因,并对其在E．coli中进行了表达,SDS—PAGE及Western—blot分析表明表达产物正确。通过GST纯化系统获得34kD纯化蛋白,与文献报道相符。结论：成功获得了纯化的ESAT-6蛋白,为进一步研究ESAT－6蛋白的致病机理提供了实验依据。     

结核分枝杆菌分泌蛋白ESAT-6的表达、纯化和鉴定

目的:克隆结核分枝杆菌分泌蛋白ESAT-6基因,并在大肠杆菌中进行表达和纯化。方法:用PCR方法从结核分枝杆菌H37Rv基因组扩增出ESAT-6基因片段,克隆至pMD18-T载体中,序列测定正确后,将其亚克隆到表达载体pGEX-4T-1并在大肠杆菌DH5α中表达,表达蛋白经SDS-PAGE及Western-blot分析后,亲和层析法纯化蛋白。结果:成功克隆了ESAT-6基因,并对其在E.coli中进行了表达,SDS-PAGE及Western-blot分析表明表达产物正确。通过GST纯化系统获得34kD纯化蛋白,与文献报道相符。结论:成功获得了纯化的ESAT-6蛋白,为进一步研究ESAT-6蛋白的致病机理提供了实验依据。     

不同牛分枝杆菌特异性基因PCR方法的比较

【背景】牛结核病是我国二类动物疫病,世界动物卫生组织将其列为法定报告的动物疫病。牛主要通过患病牛呼吸道分泌物和咳嗽所产生的气溶胶感染;人则主要通过食用未经高温处理的病牛的肉或奶感染。因此,经过病原学PCR检测对疑似患病牛牛奶或屠宰组织样品进行快速检验确诊,能够最大限度地减少奶牛养殖中乳品生产业的经济损失。【目的】研究并确定适宜的牛分枝杆菌PCR扩增引物及参数,为临床快速准确诊断牛结核病提供参考。【方法】对已报道的5对PCR引物,运用降落(touch down) PCR法确定适宜退火温度(Tm);运用梯度稀释的牛分枝杆菌C68001株(国内牛结核菌素生产用菌株)基因组DNA以及不同菌液含量的人工模拟临床样本(淋巴结、肺脏和牛奶),确定不同引物PCR方法的敏感性;同时以6种常见牛感染菌(牛种布鲁氏菌2308、羊种布鲁氏菌Rev.1、牛分枝杆菌C68001和AN5、禽分枝杆菌C68202、副结核分枝杆菌C68681和胞内分枝杆菌C68226)核酸样本,确定不同引物PCR方法的特异性。【结果】所有引物在53-63℃均含有目的条带,确定引物的最佳退火温度是60℃。在细菌核酸敏感性检验中,1号和3...     

牛脑中神经特异性S-100蛋白的纯化及鉴定

牛脑充分匀浆后经三次硫酸铵分级沉淀,再通过一次DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B层析柱,线性梯度洗脱后共收集4个峰洗脱液。PAGE分析(7.5％凝胶)显示第3峰为单一区带;免疫双扩散证实该洗脱液中蛋白为S-100蛋白。SDS-PAG E分析显示S-100蛋白分子量约为10kD;非还原条件下,凝胶过滤(Sephadex G-75)显示S-100蛋白位于MW为20kD区域。认为该纯化方法简便、快速,可获得较高纯度的S-100蛋白,活性高达1∶128以上,完全能满足进一步研究之用。     

奶牛瘤胃中牛链球菌的分离鉴定

采用厌氧分离技术从奶牛瘤胃中分离出1株细菌,通过对其形态、培养特性、生理生化特性、16S rRNA基因序列测定与同源性分析等研究,确定分离菌株为牛链球菌（Streptococcus bovis）,为进一步研究其对瘤胃发酵的影响奠定了基础。     

环介导等温可视扩增检测牛分枝杆菌方法的建立

目的:建立一种快速简便检测牛分枝杆菌的方法。方法:根据已发表的牛分枝杆菌特殊基因序列,设计并合成6对特异扩增牛分枝杆菌特异性基因片段的引物,通过条件优化,建立针对牛分枝杆菌的环介导等温扩增(LAMP)检测法,测定其特异性和敏感性,并对采集的牛临床样品的DNA分别进行检测。结果:采用该法只检出牛分枝杆菌,检测的最低拷贝数为1×102拷贝/μL。结论:建立的LAMP方法简便、快速、特异性高,可用于临床上牛分枝杆菌的快速检测。     

Increased frequency of delayed type hypersensitivity to metals in patients with connective tissue disease

BackgroundConnective tissue disease (CTD) is a group of inflammatory disorders of unknown aetiology. Patients with CTD often report hypersensitivity to nickel. We examined the frequency of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) (Type IV allergy) to metals in patients with CTD.MethodsThirty-eight patients; 9 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 16 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 13 with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and a control group of 43 healthy age- and sex-matched subjects were included in the study. A detailed metal exposure history was collected by questionnaire. Metal hypersensitivity was evaluated using the optimised lymphocyte transformation test LTT-MELISA^® (Memory Lymphocyte Immuno Stimulation Assay).ResultsIn all subjects, the main source of metal exposure was dental metal restorations. The majority of patients (87%) had a positive lymphocyte reaction to at least one metal and 63% reacted to two or more metals tested. Within the control group, 43% of healthy subjects reacted to one metal and only 18% reacted to two or more metals. The increased metal reactivity in the patient group compared with the control group was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The most frequent allergens were nickel, mercury, gold and palladium.ConclusionsPatients with SLE, RA and SS have an increased frequency of metal DTH. Metals such as nickel, mercury and gold are present in dental restorative materials, and many adults are therefore continually exposed to metal ions through corrosion of dental alloys. Metal-related DTH will cause inflammation. Since inflammation is a key process in CTDs, it is possible that metal-specific T cell reactivity is an etiological factor in their development. The role of metal-specific lymphocytes in autoimmunity remains an exciting challenge for future studies.     

Immune response to BCG-Moreau (Rio de Janeiro) strain. Spectrum of delayed hypersensitivity in genetically defined mice

Abstract Generation of delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) in genetically defined mice immunized with Mycobacterium bovis BCG of the Moreau (Rio de Janeiro) strain was studied. This vaccine strain has been reported as the most virulent and able to induce strong tuberculin sensitivity. Mice were selected by the expression of Bcg gene trait, by responsiveness to mycobacterial antigens and H2 haplotype. DTH was evaluated by the ear-swelling test of mice immunized subcutaneously with live BCG at doses ranging from 1 μg to 1000 μg. A survey of inbred strains of mice showed H2b and H2q mice as high responders, H2d as an intermediate responder, H2k as a low responder and H2a as a non-responder. Study of H2-congenic pairs of high and non-responder strains showed significant DTH in all mice independently of the genetic background and H2 haplotype. A mouse strain expressing Bcg (r) trait displayed DTH superior to a Bcg (s) strain. Comparison of DTH response of strains expressing Bcg (r) or (s) trait showed no relationship between the Bcg locus and DTH to mycobacteria. These data suggest DTH is under polygenic control including the major histocompatibility complex but excluding the Bcg locus.     

Coupling of proteins to liposomes and their role in understanding delayed type of hypersensitivity in human and mice

Liposome-coupled lepromin was found to elicit a 3-week skin reaction in leprosy patients similar to that elicited by wholeMycobacterium leprae. The present study suggests that the presentation of antigens in a specific orientation is necessary for evoking delayed type hypersensitivity response in humans.     

潜在多重耐药患者肠道内乳杆菌的分离与鉴定

目的 从临床潜在多重耐药患者粪便中分离获得乳杆菌,完成种属鉴定并分析其临床意义。方法 采集临床患者粪便,在MRS和含碳酸钙的LBS固体培养基上分离培养,挑取目的菌落反复分离获得纯化菌株,利用生化鉴定方法进行种属鉴定。结果 45份样本共得到7株乳杆菌,其中植物乳杆菌5株、鼠李糖乳杆菌2株。结论 研究发现,分离到的植物乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌可能具有更强的耐受性与生物学活性。分离获得的植物乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌有待日后对其开展特性、耐受性及安全性等研究,以便对分离的菌株有更深入的认识。     

Isolation and identification of novel protein kinase genes from the round-spotted pufferfish(Tetraodon fluviatilis) genomic DNA

The round-spotted pufferfishTetraodon fluviatilis has a genome size of 380 Mb which is slightly smaller than that of another pufferfish,Fugu rubripes rubripes (Fugu). Due to their compact genome and small introns, both pufferfishes have been proposed as model organisms for genome studies. In this study, we have used genomic DNA as template to perform PCR to screen for protein kinase (pk) genes. Forty-oneT. fluviatilis pk genes encoding 7 receptor tyrosine kinases, 14 nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, 16 serine/threonine kinases, 1 dual kinase and 3 novel kinases have been identified. The success of this approach depends on the size and location of the introns. Most of the identifiedpk gene fragments contain introns, ranging from 71 to 300 bp, with an average of 120 bp. It is noteworthy that the intron/exon boundaries of certain genes which belong to the same family are identical. We also analyzed by specific RT-PCR primers the expression profile of those 3 novel genes as well as some selectedpk genes in a variety of tissues. We found thaterbB3,pku , mrk, CaMK I,CaMKII, and two novel kinase genes (133 and 3–26) are expressed in all tissues examined. However, the novel clone 146 is strongly expressed in the brain and weakly in the intestine, kidney and heart.     

家养野猪源猪圆环病毒2型安徽株的分离鉴定及其全基因组序列分析

目的对安徽省临诊疑似PMW S家养野猪病例进行猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)分离鉴定,并对分离株的全基因组进行克隆与序列分析。方法应用PK-15细胞进行PCV2的分离与增殖,根据PCR、IFA、电镜技术进行PCV2分离株的鉴定,克隆分离株的全基因组,并对序列进行分析。结果获得1株来自安徽家养野猪源PCV2分离株,命名为YZ0901。该毒株全基因组长为1 767 bp,属于PCV2b基因型。与GenBank已发表的国内外参考毒株的同源性介于93.9%~99.2%,与安徽分离毒株彼此之间的同源性介于93.4%~99.5%。结论安徽省家养野猪中存在PCV2感染,分离毒株与家猪源病毒差异不大,PCV2核苷酸序列比较稳定,其进化不存在明显的地域相关性,家养野猪源PCV2的基因型与当地PCV2流行株的基因型密切相关。     

Th2-type immune response observed in healthy individuals to sonicate antigen prepared from the most prevalent Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain with single copy of IS6110

Different Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains operate different immune evasion strategies for their survival in the host. This mainly depends on the virulence of the strain and the host immune responses. The most virulent strains are actively involved in the transmission, widely spread in the community and induce differential immune responses. We evaluated the immune response of a sonicate antigen prepared from one predominant strain (S7) from M. tuberculosis harbouring a single copy of IS6110. Significant lymphoproliferative response against purified protein derivative from tubercle bacillus (PPD) and H37Rv antigens was observed in PPD positive normal individuals and tuberculosis patients. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels against these antigens were significantly increased in normal individuals but not in tuberculosis patients. The antigen S7 showed marginal T-cell proliferation but did not induce IFN-gamma secretion in both groups. Conversely, it induced significantly high levels of cytokine interleukin 4 (IL-4) in normal individuals. The macrophage cytokines, IL-12 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), did not show S7 antigen specific stimulation. The intracellular cytokine further confirmed an increase in IL-4(+)/CD4+ T-cells and a decrease in IFN-gamma(+)/CD4+ T-cells upon stimulation. The antibody response showed an increase in IgG and IgA levels against this antigen in normal individuals. These observations suggest that antigen S7 modulates the immune response towards T helper cell type 2 by suppressing T helper cell type 1 protective immune response in PPD positive normal individuals. We speculate that some components of this sonicate antigen are associated with immunosuppressive response.     

Biochemical properties of single-stranded DNA-binding protein from Mycobacterium smegmatis,a fast-growing mycobacterium and its physical and functional interaction with uracil DNA glycosylases

The single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (SSBs) are vital to virtually all DNA functions. Here, we report on the biochemical properties of SSB from a fast-growing mycobacteria, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and the interaction of the homotetrameric SSBs with uracil DNA glycosylases (UDGs) from M. smegmatis (Msm), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtu) and Escherichia coli (Eco). UDG is a crucial DNA repair enzyme, which removes the promutagenic uracil residues. MsmSSB stimulates activity of the homologous Msm UDG and of the heterologous Mtu-, and Eco-UDGs. On the contrary, while the MtuSSB stimulates the Mtu UDG, it inhibits the other two UDGs. Although the MsmSSB shares 84% identity with MtuSSB, the two are strikingly different, in that MsmSSB contains a glycine-rich segment (11 out of 13 residues) in the spacer connecting the N-terminal DNA-binding domain with the C-terminal acidic tail. While the DNA-binding properties of MsmSSB, such as its affinity to oligomeric DNA, requirement of minimum size DNA and the modes of interaction are indistinguishable from those of Eco-, and Mtu-SSBs, it is unclear if the glycine-rich segment confers structural advantage to MsmSSB, responsible for its stimulatory effect on all UDGs tested. More importantly, by using a small polypeptide inhibitor of UDGs, and the deletion mutants of SSBs, we suggest that the C-terminal acidic tail of the SSBs interacts within the DNA-binding groove of the UDGs, and propose a role for SSBs in the recruitment of UDGs to the damaged DNA.     

Isolation of a palmitoyl CoA-protein complex with properties of the ADP/ATP carrier from bovine heart mitochondria

A palmitoyl CoA-protein complex was isolated from bovine heart mitochondria and purified to homogeneity. The elution profile of the [¹⁴C]palmitoyl CoA bound protein from a hydroxyapatite column was identical to that seen when [³H]carboxyatractylate was used as the bound ligand. A sample of the palmitoyl CoA-protein complex from a peak fraction of the column appeared to be homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The mobility of the protein bound with palmitoyl CoA was identical to the one bound with carboxyatractylate and the molecular weight was estimated to be 30,000 daltons. Compared to the stable palmitoyl CoA-protein complex, purification of the unliganded carrier from mitochondria at 22°C resulted in a disaggregated protein. These physical characteristics of the palmitoyl CoA-protein complex correspond to those identified for the $\text{ADP}\text{ATP}$ carrier. The results further confirm the specificity of the fatty acyl CoA ligand for the adenine nucleotide translocase and support the concept that it may be a physiological modulator of adenine nucleotide translocation.