申克孢子丝菌毒力因子及宿主抗感染免疫的研究进展

申克孢子丝菌是一种重要的双相型真菌,其引起的孢子丝菌病是一种常见的侵袭性皮肤感染.研究该菌毒力因子及宿主对其抗感染免疫对于深入了解其致病性及防治该病具有重要意义.该文介绍了申克孢子丝菌毒力因子及宿主对其抗感染免疫方面的研究进展.     

羊肚菌多糖提取分离及生物活性研究进展*

羊肚菌(Morchella spp.)是一种珍稀食药用真菌,从羊肚菌中提取的多糖在抗癌、抗氧化、降血糖、降血脂及免疫调节等方面具有良好的生物活性,在食品、药品和保健品开发方面具有广阔的应用前景。羊肚菌多糖的有效提取是对其进行结构解析和生物活性研究的基础,不同的提取方式对羊肚菌多糖的结构和生物活性具有一定影响。羊肚菌多糖的结构特性如分子量、单糖组成、一级结构等,对其生物活性具有很大影响,因此研究羊肚菌多糖的结构对揭示其生物活性及作用机制具有重要意义。针对羊肚菌多糖进行综述,总结羊肚菌多糖提取分离、结构解析及生物活性的研究进展,分析羊肚菌多糖生物活性的作用机制,并对今后研究方向提出展望,以期为羊肚菌多糖的研究与开发提供理论基础。     

苔藓植物在园林城市建设中的应用现状分析

苔藓植物是自然界重要组成部分,在城市绿化中具有重要功能:具有一定的观赏价值、有独特的造景功能、环境指示作用、吸水、保水功能等,但其在园林城市的建设中长期处于被忽略、甚至被排挤的边缘地位,应进一步加强对其的研究及开发利用。     

组蛋白乙酰化与卵母细胞及胚胎的体外发育

组蛋白乙酰化及去乙酰化是表观遗传修饰一个重要部分,其对哺乳动物卵母细胞成熟和胚胎发育具有重要的调节作用。因此深入研究组蛋白乙酰化的发生机制,对于改善卵母细胞和早期胚胎的发育具有重要意义。对哺乳动物卵母细胞及胚胎发育过程中的组蛋白乙酰化动态修饰进行综述。     

土壤线虫对气候变化的响应研究进展

全球变化对陆地生态系统功能具有重要而深远的影响。陆地生态系统地下部分具有重要的生态功能,其组成及结构对气候变化的响应将进一步减缓或加剧全球化进程。土壤线虫在各类生态系统中分布十分广泛,是地下食物网的重要组分,在维持土壤生物多样性及营养物质循环过程中发挥重要作用,其组成及结构对不同气候变化驱动因子的响应机制与模式不尽相同。增温及降水格局变化主要是通过改变线虫生境而直接影响其种群密度与结构,两者通常表现为正效应且作用效果随处理时间的延长而增强。CO2与大气氮沉降主要是通过影响地上植被,凋落物质量,土壤理化性质等间接过程影响土壤线虫。同时,不同的全球变化因子之间存在着复杂的交互作用,深入理解这些因子之间交互作用对线虫群落的影响模式与机制对于探讨未来气候变化情景下生态统生物多样性及养分循环过程具有重要的理论指导意义。     

干细胞及微小RNAs治疗肺纤维化的研究进展

肺纤维化是一种严重危害人类健康的呼吸系统常见并发症,是各种不同病因的肺间质疾病的最后共同结果。其严重影响人体呼吸功能,且随着病情和肺部损伤的加重,患者呼吸功能不断恶化,其发病率和死亡率逐年增加。干细胞作为一种具有自我复制能力的多潜能细胞,近年研究发现其与微小RNAs在治疗肺部疾病中均具有重要作用,了解干细胞及微小RNAs与肺纤维化治疗之间的关系具有重要意义。本文将主要介绍几种干细胞及微小RNAs治疗肺纤维化的相关作用机制,此综述结果将为预防和治疗肺纤维化提供新的研究方向。     

白刺花的育苗造林技术及开发利用前景

白刺花 (Ｓｏｐｈｏｒａｄａｖｉｄｉｉ)是生态适应性很广的植物 ,具有很强的耐受性 ,是岩溶山区理想的水土保持 ,改良土壤 ,营造生物围栏及绿化造林的先锋树种。白刺花全身是宝 ,其叶、花、种子中富含多种氨基酸、维生素及矿质元素 ,具有多种较高的开发价值 ,是一个生态效益和     

利用基因工程改良植物类胡萝卜素的合成

类胡萝卜素(carotenoids)是植物体内存在的一类重要天然色素物质的总称,其生物功能广泛.类胡萝卜素是人类饮食结构中重要的组成部分,并且在医药、化妆品及食品与饲料工业等方面扮演着重要的角色.类胡萝卜素还是一些维生素合成的前体,具有多种保健功能,可以提高人体免疫力,并具有抗癌的功效.目前有大量关于提高植物体内类胡萝卜素含量及定向改变其种类的研究,对类胡萝卜素代谢途径及其调控的理解是这些研究的基础.主要阐述植物天然类胡萝卜素的生物合成及利用基因工程对类胡萝卜素改良的研究进展.     

长江流域中华鲟保育进展、存在问题及对策分析

中华鲟具有重要的保育及学术研究价值。长江流域环境恶化及一些建设阻断了其洄游路线,破坏了其繁殖生境。同时因其具有较高的营养和药用价值而被大肆捕捞,导致其资源遭到严重破坏。系统阐述了当前中华鲟保育的紧迫性和必要性,回顾了中华鲟保育的历史过程,分析了当前中华鲟保护面临的一些问题和危机,并提出了相应的保育策略。对保护和拯救这一濒危的“活化石”,恢复其资源及维护长江和近海生态平衡具有重要意义。     

中华倒刺鲃

中华倒刺鲃是我国特有的淡水名优鱼类.具有个体大,生长快,食性杂,抗病力强等特点.其形态特征、生活习性、繁殖与生长及人工养殖有其自身的特点.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.