双酶法制备螺旋藻多肽的工艺研究

选用碱性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶结合的双酶法对螺旋藻蛋白进行水解。其中,对木瓜蛋白酶水解螺旋藻蛋白的工艺进行优化。以水解度为指标,研究了酶解时间、酶与底物比、pH和酶解温度4种因素对酶解反应的影响。在此基础上设计了3因素(加酶量、酶解温度和pH)3水平的响应面试验。结果表明碱性蛋白酶水解螺旋藻蛋白的最佳酶解条件为:加酶量4300 U/g,pH 7.0,酶解温度55℃,酶解时间160 min;木瓜蛋白酶的最佳酶解条件为:酶底比为4.5%,酶解温度60℃,pH 6.5,酶解时间210 min。利用碱性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶结合的双酶法制得的多肽水解度可达32.90%,与单酶法相比,水解度明显提高。     

球孢白僵菌胞外壳聚糖酶的纯化和性质

球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana 1316-V1的培养上清液经硫酸铵分级沉淀,SephadexG-75凝胶过滤,Chitosan-bead亲和层析,第二次SephadexG-75凝胶过滤,得到电泳纯的一种胞外壳聚糖酶,比活力达到45u/mg。此酶的分子量为36kD;最适酶反应温度为60℃;最适pH为4.0;最适离子强度为0.25mol/LNaCl;37℃以下,pH2.0-5.0之间稳定性好;Cu^2 ,Hg^2 ,Pb^2 ,Ni^2 对该酶有强烈抑制作用;Ag^ ,Mn^2 也有较强抑制作用;Fe^2 有轻微激活作用,该壳聚糖酶是一种糖蛋白,含糖约为12.6%。酶的最适底物为脱乙酰度为90%的胶体壳聚糖;也能轻微水解CMC、DEAE-Cellulose和胶体几丁质;但不能水解片状的壳聚糖和几丁质。     

球孢白僵菌胞外壳聚糖酶的纯化和性质*

球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana 1316-V1的培养上清液经硫酸铵分级沉淀,Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤,Chitosan-bead亲和层析,第二次Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤, 得到电泳纯的一种胞外壳聚糖酶,比活力达到45u/mg 。此酶的分子量为36 kD; 最适酶反应温度为60℃;最适pH为4.0;最适离子强度为 0.25mol/L NaCl; 37℃以下,pH 2.0~5.0之间稳定性好; Cu2+、Hg2+、Pb2+、Ni2+ 对该酶有强烈抑制作用;Ag+、Mn2+也有较强抑制作用;Fe2+有轻微激活作用。该壳聚糖酶是一种糖蛋白,含糖约为12.6%。酶的最适底物为脱乙酰度为90%的胶体壳聚糖;也能轻微水解CMC、DEAE-Cellulose和胶体几丁质;但不能水解片状的壳聚糖和几丁质。     

无花果沙雷氏菌CH0203壳聚糖酶的纯化及生化性质研究

目的：得到纯化的无花果沙雷氏菌CH02503的壳聚糖酶,并研究其生化性质。方法：将发酵粗酶液先后通过硫酸铵分级沉淀,superdex75凝胶柱和羧甲基纤维素离子交换柱层析,壳聚糖酶得到纯化。结果：经测定,该酶为内切酶,其相对分子质量为29kDa,等电点9．4,在45℃和pH4．0—7．5之间稳定,最适温度是45％,最适pH3．6,Mn^2＋、Co^2＋能够激活,Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋、Ni^2＋、Cr^3＋能够抑制该酶的活性,该酶最适底物是脱乙酰度85％的壳聚糖,对脱乙酰度低于45％的壳聚糖不能作用,对羧甲基甲壳素和羧甲基纤维素不能作用,以完全脱乙酰的壳聚糖为底物时,最终水解产物是单糖、二糖、三糖,反应的米氏常数为0．44mg／ml。     

酶法水解谷朊粉工艺研究

对谷蛋白肽酶法制备工艺进行了研究.利用蛋白酶Alcalase可获得较高的水解度,其较优的工艺如下:底物浓度10%,加酶量为底物的0.5%,pH为8.75,水解温度60 ℃,水解时间90 min.酶解后期,添加蛋白酶Umamizyme进行复合酶水解,其产物具有多肽含量高、风味协调等特点.     

从拟康氏木霉中提取壳聚糖的初步研究

本实验以拟康氏木霉菌丝为原料,采用碱法提取壳聚糖,通过正交实验分析碱浓度和反应时间对壳聚糖产率、脱乙酰度和分子量的影响.结果表明:随着碱浓度的增加和反应时间的延长,产率在一定范围呈先上升后下降的趋势,而壳聚糖的脱乙酰度均增加;碱浓度一定时,壳聚糖的分子量随着反应时间的延长呈先上升后下降的趋势.壳聚糖产率占菌丝体干重达14.4%,纯度为90.2%,脱乙酰度达95.2%.     

里氏木霉几丁质酶表达及其水解产物组成与结构分析

优化并全合成里氏木霉几丁质酶基因,在毕赤酵母中实现分泌表达。产物几丁质酶的蛋白浓度达0. 17mg/ml,最适pH为5. 6,最适温度为65℃,酶活为0. 52U/ml。该酶在50℃及以下较稳定。利用该酶水解低脱乙酰度壳聚糖并对产物的组成及结构进行分析。超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry,UPLC-QTOF MS)检测及分析结果显示,酶解产物中包含至少41种聚合度2～18,不同脱乙酰度的壳寡糖组分;核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR)检测及分析结果显示,产物壳寡糖的还原端主要为N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖,非还原端则同时含有N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖及氨基葡萄糖。相关结果可为壳寡糖的结构与功能关系研究提供参考。     

产壳聚糖酶菌株的筛选、鉴定及酶学特性分析

【目的】利用筛选培养基,从福建沿海潮间带泥样中分离筛选产壳聚糖酶的菌株,并研究菌株的产酶特性。【方法】通过形态学观察,结合26S rDNA序列进行分类鉴定,采用DNS法测定酶活力。【结果】筛选得到产壳聚糖酶的菌株KQ-1002与草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)的同源性为99%,并初步鉴定为青霉属的一种。发酵培养的最适温度为30°C,最适碳源为1.0%水溶性壳聚糖,最适氮源为1.87%(NH4)2SO4,最适pH为6.0。该菌株液体发酵培养72 h产壳聚糖酶活性最高,经优化后最高产酶量为18 U/mL。纯化后的壳聚糖酶经SDS-PAGE分析其分子量约40 kD。酶促反应最适pH为5.0,最适反应温度为55°C,Km值为1.293 g/L。在离子浓度为1.0×10 3mol/L时,金属离子Cu2+、Hg2+、Ag+对酶的活性均有强烈的抑制作用。壳聚糖酶对不同底物及脱乙酰度的壳聚糖具有不同的降解作用。【结论】筛选获得产壳聚糖酶的真菌菌株KQ-1002的壳聚糖酶活力经优化后提高了约7倍,是一株具有研究和应用潜力的产壳聚糖酶菌株。     

绿色木霉粗纤维素酶液水解壳聚糖的研究

利用自制绿色木霉粗纤维素酶液降解壳聚糖制备低聚壳聚糖.采用粘度法、乙酰丙酮法和还原糖浓度分析,研究了温度、pH值及反应时间等因素对壳聚糖水解程度和产物相对分子质量的影响,并采用质谱法对水解产物进行定性分析.结果表明,粗纤维素酶液水解壳聚糖作用的最适pH为5.0、最适反应温度为50 ℃、最适反应时间为12 h.粗纤维素酶...     

来自拟青霉属真菌的壳聚糖酶的分离纯化、理化性质及降解产物的分析(英文)

从来自拟青霉属真菌Paecilomyces sp.CS-Z的发酵液中获得一种壳聚糖酶,该酶被纯化了9.4倍,产率为48.2%。经SDS-PAGE分析确定为单一条带,分子量为29kDa,其最适pH为6.0–6.5,最适温度为55℃,在80℃处理60min后,能保持较好的热稳定性,Hg2+完全抑制了酶活,对脱乙酰度85%–95%的壳聚糖具有较高的水解活性,而对几丁质和羧甲基纤维素无活性。薄层层析和质谱分析表明该酶是一种内切酶,其水解产物为聚合度大于6的壳寡糖,其理化性质与至今报道的壳聚糖酶有所不同,为壳聚糖酶的开发提供了重要的实验依据。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.