中国东北长白山森林保护区多孔菌科简记

1983年挪威 L.Ryvardeu教授来中国访问并与微生物研究所合作进行长白山森林保护区多孔菌类的研究。从9月12～16日到长白山采集标本。双方各自在北京和奥斯陆进行研究。本文共报道了143种多孔菌。除14种是文献中曾记载过而未经研究的标本外,其余129种是这次采到的标本鉴定的结果。其中29个种是中国的新记录,3个种是新组合和2个新种。它们是多年骨皮孔菌(Skeletocutis perennis Ryv.)和平伏脆骨孔菌(Wolfiporia cartila-ginea Ryv.)。这一地区的多孔菌种类是典型的北半球北部山区真菌类群。这种类群大致由三种不同的成分组成。一种是典型的北半球植物地理成分。多孔菌代表种类有:Antrodia albida,A.lenis,Cerrena unicolor,Fomitopsis Pinicola以及Oxypo-rus corticola等。另一种是从美国北部到亚洲的北部、东部植物地理成分。典型的多孔菌种类有:Cryptoporus volvatus,Fomitopsis cajanderi,Ganoderma tsugae,Inonotus weirii以及Wolfiporia cocos等。第三种是东亚成分。多孔菌代表种类有:Ceriporiopsis crema,Heterobasision insularis,Lenzites japonica,Nigroporuscastaneus以及Phellinus baumii等。     

Obba and Sebipora, new polypore genera related to Cinereomyces and Gelatoporia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota)

Cinereomyces clade is a newly proposed monophyletic group of polypores containing currently four genera and five species, including two promising biopulping fungi, Ceriporiopsis rivulosa and C. subvermispora. The Cinereomyces clade is well-delimited in nrDNA-based phylogenetic analysis, but its position in Polyporales remains unclear. Its closest relative may be found in the core polyporoid clade. Only a few morphological characters are common for all the species in the clade, e.g. CB– and CRB+ hyphae, white fruiting bodies, presence of oil, and middle-sized spores. Culturally, the species are unified by producing simple-septate generative hyhpae in the margin, which produce simple-clamped hyphae backwards. The genus Gelatoporia is the correct place for Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. Two new genera are described in the group: Obba to incorporate C. rivulosa and a new austral species, Obba valdiviana, known from southern Argentina and recorded here also from Tasmania, and Sebipora to accommodate a new species from tropical Asia, S. aquosa. ITS sequences imply that Eurasian Gelatoporia subvermispora may belong to a different species from the North American one. G. subvermispora is recorded as new to Indonesia.     

Phylogenetic relationships in European Ceriporiopsis species inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences

The aim of this work was to clarify taxonomy and examine evolutionary relationships within European Ceriporiopsis species using a combined analysis of the large subunit (nLSU) nuclear rRNA and small subunit (mtSSU) mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences. Data from the ITS region were applied to enhance the view of the phylogenetic relationships among different species. The studied samples grouped into four complex clades, suggesting that the genus Ceriporiopsis is polyphyletic. The generic type Ceriporiopsis gilvescens formed a separate group together with Ceriporiopsis guidella and Phlebia spp. in the phlebioid clade. In this clade, the closely related species Ceriporiopsis resinascens and Ceriporiopsis pseudogilvescens grouped together with Ceriporiopsis aneirina. C. resinascens and C. pseudogilvescens have identical LSU and SSU sequences but differ in ITS. Ceriporiopsis pannocincta also fell in the phlebioid clade, but showed closer proximity to Gloeoporus dichrous than to C. gilvescens or C. aneirina–C. pseudogilvescens–C. resinascens group. Another clade was composed of a Ceriporiopsis balaenae–Ceriporiopsis consobrina group and was found to be closely related to Antrodiella and Frantisekia, with the overall clade highly reminiscent of the residual polyporoid clade. The monotypic genus Pouzaroporia, erected in the past for Ceriporiopsis subrufa due to its remarkable morphological differences, also fell within the residual polyporoid clade. Ceriporiopsis subvermispora held an isolated position from the other species of the genus. Therefore, the previously proposed name Gelatoporia subvermispora has been adopted for this species. Physisporinus rivulosus appeared unrelated to two other European Physisporinus species. Moreover, Ceriporiopsis (=Skeletocutis) jelicii grouped in a separate clade, distinct from Ceriporiopsis species. Finally, the ITS data demonstrated the proximity of some Ceriporiopsis species (Ceriporiopsis portcrosensis and Ceriporiopsis subsphaerospora) to Skeletocutis amorpha.     

Two new polypores (Ceriporiopsis lavendula and Skeletocutis inflata spp. nov.) from Guangdong Province,China

Two new polypores (Ceriporiopsis lavendula B. K. Cui sp. nov. and Skeletocutis inflata B. K. Cui sp. nov.) are described from the Guangdong Province in southern China. Ceriporiopsis lavendula is characterized by having resupinate basidiocarps with lavender to grayish blue pore surface and very thin to almost absent subiculum, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, and oblong‐ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores. Moreover, it grows on wood of Castanopsis exclusively. Skeletocutis inflata is characterized by having pileate basidiocarps, smaller pores (8–10 per mm), inflated and partly dissolved skeletal hyphae in KOH. In addition, its tramal skeletal hyphae are parallel along the tubes. Identification keys to species of Ceriporiopsis and Skeletocutis occurring in China are provided.     

Sidera, a new genus in Hymenochaetales with poroid and hydnoid species

A new genus, Sidera (Hymenochaetales), is described to accommodate the dimitic polypores Skeletocutis lenis and S. vulgaris, the monomitic polypore Ceriporiopsis lowei, and the monomitic, hydnoid Athelopsis lunata. The genus is characterised by white-rot, whitish resupinate fruiting bodies, crystal rosettes on specialised hyphae, and allantoid spores. Cinereomyces (Polyporales) is confirmed to be a good genus including C. lindbladii, separate from Diplomitoporus as defined by its type species D. flavescens and the closely related D. crustulinus. Fabisporus is a taxonomic synonym of Diplomitoporus. Poriodontia subvinosa belongs to the Hymenochaetales.     

White rot Basidiomycetes isolated from Chiloé National Park in Los Lagos region, Chile

Wood decomposition is an important component in forest ecosystems but information about the diversity of fungi causing decay is lacking. This is especially true for the temperate rain forests in Chile. These investigations show results of a biodiversity study of white-rot fungi in wood obtained from Chiloé National Park in Los Lagos region, Chile. Culturing from white-rotted wood followed by sequencing of the complete internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) or partial large subunit region of the rDNA, identified 12 different species in the Basidiomycota. All of these fungi were characterized as white rot fungi and were identified with a BLAST match of 97 % or greater to sequences in the GenBank database. Fungi obtained were species of Phlebia, Mycoacia, Hyphodontia, Bjerkandera, Phanerochaete, Stereum, Trametes, and Ceriporiopsis. This report identifies for the first time in Chile the species Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, Hyphodontia radula, Phlebia radiata, Phanerochaete affinis, Peniophora cinerea, Stereum gausapatum, Phlebia setulosa and Phanerochaete sordida. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the type of decay caused by the fungi that were isolated and a combination of selective lignin degraders and simultaneous white rot fungi were found. Fungi that cause a selective degradation of lignin are of interest for bioprocessing technologies that require modification or degradation of lignin without cellulose removal.     

两种稀有的孔状木生真菌

本文对中国长白山自然保护区两种稀有的新记录多孔菌黑白拟蜡菌Ceriporiopsisalbonigrescens,分支榆孔菌Elmerinacladophora进行了报道,对这两个种进行了详细描述和显微结构绘图。     

Systematics of Schistopterini (Diptera: Tephritidae: Tephritinae), with descriptions of new genera and species

Abstract. The systematics of tribe Schistopterini (Diptera: Tephritidae) is reviewed and discussed, and a key is given to the fourteen current genera, of which four are new. A cladogram of the type species of the genera plus all other species of one of the new genera ( Microtreta ) is presented, supporting the monophyly of Microtreta .
The new genera include Calloptera (type species Rhabdochaeta asteria Hendel), Microtreta (type species Microtreta fini , sp.n.), Melanopterella (type species Rhabdochaeta nigra Bezzi) and Schistotephritis (type species Camaromyia acrophthalma Bezzi). Microtreta is treated comprehensively; its constituents, deemingi, fini, frontale, jeffreyi and longicornis (all new species), are described from East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Host plants, all of genus Vernonia (Asteraceae), are recorded for the four East African species. Characters of immature stages are described for M. longicornis . Eighteen new combinations are made.     

辽宁淡水鱼类寄生艾美虫属二新种（真球虫目：艾美科）

本文记述艾美虫属Ｅｉｍｅｒｉａ Ｓｃｈｎｅｉｄｅｒ,１８７５二新种：寄生于鲢、鳙肾脏的柳壕艾美虫,新种Ｅｉｍｅｒｉａ ｌｉｕｈａｏｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。寄生于草鱼肾脏的草鱼艾美虫,新种Ｅｉｍｅｒｉａ ｃｔｅｎｏｐｈａｒｙｎｇｏｄｏｎｉ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

Aleocharine rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) associated with Leptogenys Roger, 1861 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) II. Two new genera and two new species associated with L. borneensis Wheeler, 1919

Two new genera and two new species of Aleocharinae (Staphylinidae) from Malaysia are described: Parawroughtonilla Maruyama, gen. n. (type species: Parawroughtonilla hirsutaMaruyama, sp. n.), Leptogenonia Maruyama, gen. n. (type species: Leptogenonia roslii Maruyama, sp. n.), which are associated with Leptogenys borneensis Wheeler, 1919. They are closely related and share a unique character state of the aedeagus.     

New hyphomycete genera on Qualea species from the Brazilian cerrado

As part of studies on cerrado fungi three new hyphomycetes are described in association with trichomes on leaves of native species of Qualea (Vochysiaceae). These are: Trichomatomyces gen. nov. (type species: T. byrsonimae comb. nov.), Trichosporodochium gen. nov. (type species: T. cerradensis sp. nov.), and Phaeoidiomyces gen. nov. (type species: P. qualeae).     

Revision of the endemic Taiwanese millipede genus Aponedyopus Verhoeff, 1939, with descriptions of two new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Advances in the systematica of Diplopoda III

The millipede genus Aponedyopus is endemic to Taiwan and contains three species. All previously described nominal species are considered to represent one species: Aponedyopus montanus Verhoeff, 1939 (the type species), including Aponedyopus reesi (Wang, 1957) and Aponedyopus maculatus Takakuwa, 1942, syn. n. Two further species are described as new: Aponedyopus similissp. n. and Aponedyopus latilobatussp. n. The genus is re-diagnosed, all of its three species are keyed, and their distributions mapped.     

云南西双版纳热带雨林地区的食蚜蝇（双翅目：食蚜蝇科）

本文共记述了云南西双版纳地区２３属３７种食蚜蝇。其中有１新种和中国１新纪录种,另外有２种在国外报道,我国台湾和海南有分布,但国内无任何记载和描述,本文对这些种类均进行了描述。同时还对该地区的食蚜蝇区系特点及不同生态环境下食蚜蝇多样性进行了初步分析。     

东亚茎蜂科二新属(膜翅目)

描述了东亚膜翅目茎蜂科两新属:大跗茎蜂属Magnitarsijanus gen.nov.和短痣茎蜂属Stigmatijanus gen.nov.,前者分布于中国和日本,后者分布于中国东部,其模式种分别为Janus kashivorus Yano et Sato,1928和Janus stigmaticus Maa,1949.建立了2个新组合:红盾大跗茎蜂Magnitarsijanus kashivorus(Yano et Sato,1928)comb.nov.和黄鳞短痣茎蜂Stigmatijanus stigmaticus(Maa,1949)comb.nov.,其中红盾大跗茎蜂是中国新纪录种.     

Three new ascomycetous yeasts from insect-associated arboreal habitats

A new species of Pichia and two new species of Candida are described and were determined to be genetically isolated from all other currently recognized ascomycetous yeasts from their sequence divergence in the species-variable D1/D2 domain of large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA. The three species were primarily isolated from the frass of wood-boring insects living in pine and spruce trees. The new species and their type strains are the following: Pichia ramenticola NRRL YB-1985 (CBS 8699), mating type alpha (NRRL YB-3835, CBS 8700, mating type a), Candida piceae NRRL YB-2107 (CBS 8701), and Candida wyomingensis NRRL YB-2152 (CBS 8703). Pichia ramenticola and C. piceae assimilate methanol as a carbon source; P. ramenticola is the first known heterothallic ascomycetous yeast to utilize this compound.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichomonascus petasosporus</Emphasis> sp. nov. and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sympodiomyces indianaensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., two new members of the Saccharomycetales

Two new yeasts are described that were recognized as novel from nucleotide divergence in domains D1/D2 of 26S rDNA. The new species and their type strains are the following: Trichomonascus petasosporus NRRL YB-2092T (CBS 9602T), mating type a, NRRL YB-2093 (CBS 9603), mating type alpha, and Sympodiomyces indianaensis NRRL YB-1950T (CBS 9600T). Phylogenetic analysis placed the two new taxa, which are sister species, in the Sympodiomyces clade near Blastobotrys/Stephanoascus farinosus. Placement of Trichomonascus in the Saccharomycetales resolves the earlier uncertainties surrounding the classification of this morphologically unusual genus.     

The Oriental 'fly-like' leafhoppers of the subfamily Stegelytrinae - the Doda group (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

The Oriental 'fly-like' leafhoppers of the Doda group are reviewed and a key is given for their separation. Two new genera and two new species are described: Pseudododa gen. n. (with type species P. orientalis sp. n.) and Aculescutellaris gen. n. (with type species A. hirtellus sp. n.). The variation within the former species is documented and illustrated, and the special mineral uptake behavior ('mud-puddling') of this genus and other Cicadellidae is reviewed.     

Neotapirissus gen. nov. of the tribe Issini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae) from Hainan Island

Neotapirissus gen. nov. , in the tribe Issini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae), is described from China, and type species Neotapirissus reticularis sp. nov. (China: Hainan) is described and illustrated. The female internal reproductive organs of the new species are also described and illustrated. The new genus is compared to the superficially similar genus Tapirissus Gnezdilov. The morphological diversity of the issids distributed in Hainan Island is discussed briefly.     

中国前毛广口蝇属分类研究及三新种记述(双翅目：广口蝇科)

对前毛广口蝇属 Prosthiochaeta Enderlein（双翅目：广口蝇科）的属征进行了讨论。详细记述采自我国西南和华中地区的本属3新种: 峨眉前毛广口蝇 P. emeishana sp. Nov.,褐翅前毛广口蝇 P. fuscipennis sp. Nov. 及花翅前毛广口蝇 P. pictipennis sp. Nov.;并附其形态特征图和已知种检索表。 新种模式标本保藏于中国科学院动物研究所。