光轴苎叶Ju的化学成分研究

从光轴苎叶Ｊｕ地上部分甲醇浸膏中分得１１个化合物,经波谱分析确定其结构分别为：β－谷旮醇（４）,４－烯－６β－羟基－３豆甾烷酮（２）,麦角甾醇过氧化物（３）,α－软脂酸甘油酯（４）,（Ｅ）－３,４－亚甲二氧基苯丙烯醛（５）,胡椒碱（６）,胡椒次碱（７）,荜拔明宁碱（８）,ｇｕｉｎｅｅｎｓｉｎｅ（９）,ｃｅｐｈａｒａｎｏｎｅＡ（１０）,ｃｅｐｈａｒａｎｏｎｅＢ（１）。     

亚洲薄荷的两个化学型

亚洲薄荷的两个化学型桂新,周荣汉（安徽中医学院中药系合肥２３００３８）（中国药科大学植物化学分类研究室南京２１００３８）ＴｗｏｃｈｅｍｏｔｙｐｅｓｏｆＭｅｎｔｈａａｓｉａｆｉｃａＢｏｒｉｓｓ￥ＣｈｏｕＧｕｉ－Ｘｉｎ（ＡｎｈｕｉＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＴｒａ...     

草乌中生物碱的化学研究

从草乌－北乌头（Ａｃｏｎｉｔｕｍ ｋｕｓｎｅｚｏｆｆｉｉ Ｒｅｉｃｈｂ．）的块根－中分离得到１６个单体成分,据波谱方法分别鉴定为：乌头碱（ａｃｏｎｉｔｉｎｅ,１）、３－脱氧乌头碱（３－ｄｅｏｘｙａｃｏｎｉｔｉｎｅ,２）、中乌头碱（ｍｅｓａｃｏｎｉｔｉｎｅ,３）、北乌碱（ｂｅｉｗｕｔｉｎｅ,４）、次乌头碱（ｈｙｐａｃｏｎｉｔｉｎｅ,５）、１０－羟基乌头碱（ａｃｏｎｉｆｉｎｅ,６）、１４－苯甲酰乌头原     

山矾花精油化学成分的研究

用ＧＣ／ＭＳ从山矾花精油中鉴定出６８个化合物。主要芳香成分为方樟醇１８．３５％;反式－氧化芳樟醇（吡喃型）４．５６％顺式－氧化方樟醇１．４０％：β－紫罗兰酮１．２２％;反式－氧化方樟醇０．９５％;顺式－氧化芳樟醇〔吡喃型）０．５３％：γ－癸内酯０．０５％;δ－癸内酯０．１１％二氢－β－紫罗兰酮０．１１％、四氢－β－紫罗兰酮０．０６％．     

短Ju的化学成分

从短Ｊｕ地上部分甲醇粗提取物中分离得到７个化合物,经波谱分析鉴定为：β－谷甾醇,（１）ｒｅｔｒｏｆｒａｃｔａｍｉｄｅ Ａ（２）,ｃｈｉｎｇｃｈｅｎｇｅｎａｍｉｄｅＡ（３）ｎｅｃｔａｎｄｒｉｎ Ｂ（４）,（－）－ｎｅｃｔａｎｄｒｉｎ Ａ（５）,ｇａｌｇｒａｖｉｎ（６）,其中木脂素（４）（５）系首镒由胡椒属植物中分得。     

短的化学成分

从短（ＰｉｐｅｒｍｕｌｅｓｕａＤ．Ｄｏｎ．）地上部分甲醇粗提取物中分离得到７个化合物,经波谱分析鉴定为：β－谷甾醇（１）,ｒｅｔｒｏｆｒａｃｔａｍｉｄｅＡ（２）,ｃｈｉｎｇｃｈｅｎｇｅｎａｍｉｄｅＡ（３）,ｎｅｃｔａｎｄｒｉｎＢ（４）,（－）－ｎｅｃｔａｎｄｒｉｎＡ（５）,ｇａｌｇｒａｖｉｎ（６）。其中木脂素（４）、（５）系首次由胡椒属植物中分得。     

海南长须果化学成分的研究

从海南长须果（ＴａｃｃａｃｈａｎｔｒｉｅｒｉＡｎｄｒｅ）中分离得到了３个结晶性成分,经过理化常数和光谱分析,分别鉴定为箭根酮内酯Ａ（Ｉ）、１,７－二对苯羟墓－３,５－二羟基－庚烷（Ⅱ）和α－单棕桐酸甘油酯（Ⅲ）。它们均属首次从该植物中分得。其中箭根酮内酯Ａ有抗癌活性。     

大萼香茶菜庚素的化学结构

从大萼香茶菜（Ｒａｂｄｏｓｉａ ｍ ａｃｒｏｃａｌｙｘ （Ｄｕｎｎ） Ｈａｒａ）叶的乙醇提取物中又分离到３ 个二萜成分（结晶Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ）,通过ＩＲ、ＭＳ、１Ｈ－１Ｈ ＣＯＳＹ、１３Ｃ－１Ｈ ＣＯＳＹ和ＮＯＥ等光谱分析及衍生物的制备,确定结晶Ⅰ的结构为ｅｎｔ－７β－２０－ｅｐｏｘｙ－６α, ７α,１４α,１５α,１６α－ｐｅｎｔａｈｙｄｒｏｋａｕｒａｎｅ－１７－ａｃ－ｅｔａｔｅ,为新的二萜化合物,命名为大萼香茶菜庚素;结晶Ⅱ和Ⅲ为已知化合物ｒａｂｄｏｐｈｙｌｌｉｎ Ｈ和ｐｏｎｉｃｉｄｉｎ。     

山苦瓜中两个乌苏烷类新三萜

从葫芦科植物山苦瓜（Ｍｏｎｏｒｄｉｃａｄｉｏｃｉｃａ）干燥块根的浸膏中分得７个纯晶体,其中２个是乌苏烷新化合物;３－氧－苯甲酰－６－酮－乌苏酸和３－氧－苯甲酰－１１－酮－乌苏酸,其余为已知物：α－菠甾醇,齐墩果酸,丝石竹皂甙元,常春藤皂甙元和硬脂酸。     

云南血竭的化学成分及抗真菌活性

云南血竭为剑叶龙血树（Ｄｒａｃａｅｎａ ｃｏｃｈｉｎｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｌｏｕｒ．）Ｓ．ｃ．Ｃｈｅｎ）树脂,从中分离到５个芳香族化合物：对羟基苯甲酸乙酰（１）,７,４＾′－二羟基黄烷（２）,７－羟基－４＾′－甲氧基黄烷（３）,７,４＾′－二羟基黄酮（４）和ｌｏｕｒｅｉｒｉｎ Ａ（５）以及１个甾体皂甙（６）,并对其中３个酚性成分进行了抗真菌活性检测。另外,用薄层层析法对云南血竭、广西血竭、海南血竭及     

Mentha spicata (Lamiaceae) chemotypes growing wild in Greece

Mentha spicata is the commonest mint species growing wild in Greece, exhibiting great morphological and chemical variability. The oil content from different wild populations examined ranged from 0.3% to 2.2%; the most common value being ca.1%. Though commercially exploited M. spicata plants are always rich in carvone and dihydrocarvone, wild populations are very variable; four different chemotypes were distinguished within the species. These chemotypes are characterized by the high contribution of the following compounds: (1) linalool, (2) piperitone oxide or piperitenone oxide, (3) carvone-dihydrocarvone and (4) pulegone-menthone-isomenthone. This chemical variability suggests the possibility of further developing and exploiting the full potential of the species.     

兴安薄荷挥发油的成分

兴安薄荷（Mentha dahurica Fisch.ex Benth.）为唇形科薄荷属（Mentha L.）多年生草本植物,产于我国黑龙江、吉林、内蒙古东北部。俄罗斯远东地区以及日本北方也有分布。在我国东北有作中药薄荷入药的。其化学成分研究甚少,仅俄国Pulatova报道其含有香豆素类成分。为开发利用我国薄荷植物资源,作者对全国薄荷属植物进行了野外调查,并对其资源、生物学性状、孢粉学和化学等进行了较系统的研究,现仅就兴安薄荷挥发油中化学成分分析结果作一报道。     

Essential oil of two chemotypes of Mentha suaveolens during ontogenesis

The composition of the main constituents of the essential oil of two different chemotypes of Mentha suaveolens has been investigated during development. In the first chemotype (6) a definite increase of 1,2-epoxymen-thylacetate was observed, but piperitone oxide was always the main constituent. In the second chemotype (12) an increase of neo- and dihydrocarveol and their corresponding acetates was observed and dihydrocarvone was the main constituent. The results have been used to formulate a new biosynthetic scheme for the cyclic oxygenated monoterpenes found in essential oils of the genus Mentha.     

薄荷地上部分的非挥发性化学成分研究

薄荷属( Mentha Linn.)植物薄荷( Mentha haplocalyx Briq.)的干燥地上部分为常用中药材[1],其主要药用成分为挥发油[2-3],其非挥发性成分也具有重要的药理作用。为详细了解薄荷的非挥发性成分,作者对薄荷地上部分乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取物的组成成分进行了分析。     

Comparative Analysis of Antioxidant Activities of Fourteen Mentha Essential Oils and Their Components

The essential oils of 14 species and hybrids, respectively, of the genus Mentha were examined for their antioxidant capacity in the ABTS (2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid)) assay and in a lipid‐peroxidation (LPO) assay. The ABTS^.+‐scavenging capacity of pure essential‐oil components and mixtures of them was also tested. In both assays, Mentha×dumetorum (classification not fully confirmed), Mentha suaveolens, and Mentha×villosa (classification not fully confirmed) showed the highest antioxidant capacity, which was ascribed to the components germacrene D, piperitone oxide, and piperitenone oxide. The high antioxidant activity in the LPO assay of the two hybrids Mentha×gracilis and, to a lower degree, of Mentha×dalmatica (classification not fully confirmed) was ascribed to their high contents of cis‐ocimene and β‐caryophyllene. Of the pure components tested (germacrene D, piperitone oxide, and piperitenone oxide were not tested, as not commercially available), only cis‐ocimene showed a distinct antioxidant effect, whereas dihydrocarvone and linalool had pro‐oxidant effects in the ABTS assay.     

Separation and Qualitative Study of Mentha asiatica Boriss. Essential Oil Components by prep-GC,GC-QTOF-MS,NMR and Prediction of Bioactive Compounds

In order to understand the material basis of wild Mentha asiatica Boris. in Xinjiang, the chemical constituents of essential oil extracted from aerial parts of this plant were studied. A total 52 components were detected and 45 compounds were identified. First of all, the essential oil was separated by silica gel column chromatography, and divided into several parts according to the results of thin layer chromatography. Eight fractions were obtained, and then each fragment was preliminarily screened for antibacterial activity. It was found that all eight fragments had certain antibacterial activity in different level. Then the fractions were subjected to preparative gas chromatography (prep-GC) for further isolation. Ten compounds were identified by ¹³C-NMR, ¹H-NMR and gas chromatography-quadrupole time of flight-Mass spectrometry (GC-QTOF-MS). They are sabinene, limonene and β-caryophyllene, (1R*,3S*,5R*)-sabinyl acetate, piperitone oxide, rotundifolone, thymol, piperitone, 4-hydroxypiperiditone, cedrol. After screened by bioautography, 4-hydroxypiperone and thymol were showed best antibacterial activity. The inhibitory effects of the two isolated compounds on Candida albicans and their related mechanisms were studied. The results showed that, 4-hydroxypiperone and thymol significantly reduced ergosterol content on the surface of Candida albicans cell membrane in a dose-dependent manner. This work has accumulated experience for the development and utilization of Xinjiang characteristic medicinal plant resources and new drug research and development, and provided scientific basis and support for the later research and development of Mentha asiatica Boris.     

Structural Determination of a Repellent Principle in the Essential Oil of Mentha haplocalyx Briq.

Mentha haplocalyx Briq. is a plant which belongs to the Mentha genus of the Labiatae family. Yellowish-green oil is obtained from the leaves and stems with 0.05% yield by steam-distillation. Then the oil is fractionated and the isolated compound is purified by recrystallization. White prism crystal is obtained. It is identified as d-8-acetoxycarvotanacetone by UV, IR, NMR and MS. The mixed melting point of synthetic and natural samples has no depression. Their physical constants and spectral behavior also agree with each other. Thus, the structure of the crystalline compound isolated from the oil of Men, ha haplocalyx Briq. is confirmed to be d-8-acetoxycarvotanacetone. The compound has good repellent effect to mosquitoes, gnats and gadflies.     

薄荷化学成分及其药理作用研究进展

对国内外有关薄荷的化学成分和药理作用的研究进行了综述,为进一步研究和开发利用薄荷提供了依据。     

Effect of some essential oils on in vitro methane emission

The objectives of this study were to characterise four essential oils (EO) chemically and to evaluate their effect on ruminal fermentation and methane emission in vitro. The investigated EO were isolated from Achillea santolina, Artemisia judaica, Schinus terebinthifolius and Mentha microphylla, and supplemented at four levels (0, 25, 50 and 75 microl) to 75 ml of buffered rumen fluid plus 0.5 g of substrate. The main components of the EO were piperitone (49.1%) and camphor (34.5%) in A. judaica, 16-dimethyl 15-cyclooactdaiene (60.5%) in A. santolina, piperitone oxide (46.7%) and cis-piperitone oxide (28%) in M. microphylla, and gamma-muurolene (45.3%) and alpha-thujene (16.0%) in S. terebinthifolius. The EO from A. santolina (at 25 and 50 j1), and all levels of A. judaica increased the gas production significantly, but S. terebinthifolius (at 50 and 75 microl), A. santolina (at 75 microl) and all levels of M. microphylla decreased the gas production significantly in comparison with the control. The highest levels of A. santolina and A. judaica, and all doses from M. microphylla EO inhibited the methane production along with a significant reduction in true degradation of dry matter and organic matter, protozoa count and NH3-N concentration. It is concluded that the evaluated EO have the potential to affect ruminal fermentation efficiency and the EO from M. microphylla could be a promising methane mitigating agent.