白叶枯病菌侵染水稻体细胞无性系变异植株叶片的扫描电镜观察

选用离体筛选的抗白叶枯病水稻体细胞无性变异系后代植株的种子,收获后播种。对其功能叶用白叶枯病菌菌株浙１７３剪叶接种７２ｈ后,对叶片进行扫描电镜观察。结果发现,筛选的抗性品种的水孔周围病菌较少,而感病品种的水孔周围病菌则分布较多。证明了白叶枯病菌的侵染途径首先是通过水孔进入植物叶片内部的;另外也证明了筛选的水稻体细胞无性变异系后代植株已具有成株抗性。     

番茄耐盐体细胞变异体的离体筛选

以上海主要栽培番茄品种“鲜丰”的下胚轴作为外植体诱导愈伤组织,用NaCl进行直接高盐胁迫和逐渐加大盐浓度胁迫筛选。研究结果表明,逐渐NaCl浓度胁迫筛选获得的耐盐性大多属生理适应性,直接高盐胁迫筛选才有可能获得真正的耐盐突变体。直接高盐胁迫筛选再生出的12株耐盐植株,在150mmol/L NaCl的盐胁迫下,幼苗的成活率可达66％,而未经胁迫筛选过的原始株成活率则为零。其中,2株耐盐突变株能正常开花、结果。其在盐胁迫培养基中芽体的生根率、鲜重及干重均显著高于原始株。     

水稻抗白叶枯病菌毒素细胞无性变异系的初步筛选

应用湖北水稻白叶枯病强毒菌株“江陵６９１”活细菌、细菌培养滤液、病菌粘液多糖和菌体多糖。对水稻粳１０５、粳３０３７和科选１号的幼穗及花药所形成的愈伤组织进行共培养筛选。获得体细胞再生植株４４３株,花粉植株３１株,其中１７株为单倍体（ｎ＝１２）。同工酶谱显示,筛选出的粳１０５愈伤组织的过氧化物酶同工酶活性加强,带数增多。     

植物体细胞无性系变异的分子基础

TheMoleculBasicofSomaclonalVariationinPlantsZhangChunyiYangHanmin(BiologyDepartmentofLanzhouUniversityLanzhou730000)近年来,随着植物细胞和组织培养技术的迅速发展与广泛应用,不断发现在培养细胞和再生植株中存在着各种不同的变异,其中有些是可以遗传的,这种可遗传的变异被称为体细胞无性系变异[39]．变异的发生有其遗传学基础,具体表现在显微水平上的染色体数目和结构变异与分子水平上的基因突变、碱基修饰、基因扩增或丢失、基因重排以及转座因子的激活而影响核及细胞质基因的表达等等．目前,人们在已经积累的大量有…     

水稻体细胞无性系变异

水稻体细胞无性系变异研究取得了很大进展,获得了大量抗病、抗逆、优质、矮杆等突变体。对这些突变体遗传分析表明,大多数突变性状由1对或2对基因控制。水稻体细胞无性系变异的发生与基因型、性状、继代时间、培养方式等有关,并具有内在的机制,点突变和反转录转座子插入可能是引起水稻无性系变异的两个重要原因。     

水稻体细胞无性系变异

水稻体细胞无性系变异研究取得了很大进展 ,获得了大量抗病、抗逆、优质、矮杆等突变体。对这些突变体遗传分析表明 ,大多数突变性状由 1对或 2对基因控制。水稻体细胞无性系变异的发生与基因型、性状、继代时间、培养方式等有关 ,并具有内在的机制 ,点突变和反转录转座子插入可能是引起水稻无性系变异的两个重要原因。     

鸢尾体细胞无性系的建立与变异

本文以德鸢尾,马蔺、拟鸢尾和鸢等几种宿根鸢尾为试验材料,通过花器培养建立了体细胞无性系,在多次继代培养过程中,研究了离体培养对鸢尾体细胞无性系变异的影响,并运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳技术分析了试管苗叶片的过氧化物酶同工酶。结果表明离体培养已经改变了鸢尾的遗传基础,但在形态特征、生态习性及观赏性状等方面未发生明显的表型变异。     

莲瓣兰形态变异研究

莲瓣兰是分布于云南西北部、四川西南部和台湾的濒危兰花.本研究采用引种不同种群的莲瓣兰栽培在相同环境中的植株为实验材料,测定其形态性状并进行统计计算,分析莲瓣兰种群之间的形态变异以及亲缘关系.巢氏方差分析结果显示,莲瓣兰19个表型性状居群间方差百分比为22.162%,居群内方差百分比为77.838%,莲瓣兰形态变异主要来源于居群内;聚类分析显示保山施甸(SD),大理云龙形态(YL)较为接近,春剑贵州兴隆(XL)居群形态与莲瓣兰各居群差别较大,距离较远.研究结果可为莲瓣兰的类群划分、良种选育及野生资源的保护提供基础数据.     

禾谷类作物体细胞变异的研究（Ⅰ）

禾谷类作物是人类粮食的最主要来源.其体细胞(无性系)变异研究,受到了人们极大的重视,并取得了长足进展.现在已经明确体细胞变异不仅具有物种和器官特异性,而且在禾谷类作物的再生植株中普遍存在.体细胞变异包括的类型很广,有形态学、生理学、遗传学和     

镉在莲各器官中累积规律的研究

莲子是我国重要的特产优质资源,但莲等水生植物容易吸收积累重金属.为了探究莲对重金属镉的吸收积累特点,利用盆栽外施不同浓度的镉(0,1.0 mg·kg-1,2.5 mg·kg-1)培养两个莲子品种,检测分析镉对莲子生物量的影响及莲各器官中镉的含量.结果表明:随着外施镉浓度的增加,两种莲子生物量下降,各器官中镉含量增加,且...     

Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers in the sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)

The sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is an aquatic plant of economic and ornamental importance in China. From an (AG)_n‐enriched genomic library, 24 microsatellites were isolated and identified by using the (fast isolation by the AFLP of sequences containing repeats) FIASCO protocol. Eleven loci showed polymorphism with two to six alleles per locus. These markers yielded 42 alleles in a survey of 32 accessions of the sacred lotus. Eleven effective primer pairs of simple sequence repeats were designed and will be used as genetic markers to evaluate the fine‐scale population structure of the sacred lotus in the future.     

花莲种质资源形态性状多样性研究(英文)

对从国家种质资源圃中选取的40份花莲种质资源的19个形态性状进行了观察。结果发现花型、花瓣数、雌蕊是否瓣化、雌蕊瓣化程度和根茎颜色与花蕾形状呈显著正相关,其中花型、花瓣数和根茎颜色与花蕾形状呈极显著高度相关。通径分析表明现蕾期对花型有显著正向效应(0.552),其次是花瓣数(0.516)和根茎颜色(0.368)。与花型呈显著负相关的性状有花瓣长(-0.801)、现花期(-0.558)和叶宽(-0.451)。主成分分析显示前四个成分累计贡献率达65.68%。聚类分析将所有材料分为四组。     

莲藕的化学成分与生物活性研究进展

对莲藕(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)不同组织(莲藕、荷花、荷叶、莲梗、莲子、莲心、莲蓬)的有效化学成分(类黄酮、酚类、生物碱、三萜、多糖、SOD、膳食纤维、挥发油)作了简要的综述,并对其主要的生物活性进行了归纳,以期对莲藕资源的综合利用提供理论依据。     

Scanning Electronmicroscopic Observations on Development and Structure of Pericarp of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn

Pericarp of Hindu lotus is developed from the ovary wall only. It is differentiated intothe exocarp, mesocarp and endocarp which can be clearly recognized. The vascular bundles,secretory apparatus and aerenchyma are present in the ground tissue. The aeration system is.associated with stomata (St), air passages (Ap)and chamber (Ch). St apparatus with a specific form are located deeply under epidermal cells. Ap is schizogenous. Chisschizolysigenous. The wall of Ch has perforations which lead to surrounding cells. Ap and Ch arein contact with St in both outer and inner epidermis (Ep), so the aeration system covers the wholepericarp. In Ep, there are several kinds of secretory apparatus with different slimes. Lacticifers are articulated, some of them are branched and some not. In xylem, annular and helicaltracheids and vessels, in phloem, sieve tubes, companion cells and their contents can be observed. On the opposite side of the funicular attachment near stigma develops a hump. Thepericarp hump (Ph) is a specific structure in lotus. After studies on its fine structure, developing process and the relation between fruit development and Ph, the author considered thatPb functions probably as a respiratory apparatus of the developing seed.     

试管藕诱导技术研究

莲藕 ( Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)在我国有着悠久的栽培历史 ,分布极为广泛 ,是一种重要的水生蔬菜和水生观赏植物 ,但其繁殖系数较低 ( 1∶ 1 0 ) ,远途运输费用高。为此 ,我们已进行了快繁技术研究 [1 ] ,但试管苗的成活率较低 ,因此我们开展了试管藕的诱导工作。试管藕作为一种休眠和繁殖器官 ,利于成活 ,便于运输。此外 ,还可以进行离体保存及其他的生理、生化方面的研究工作 ,为这些研究提供一个可操作的简单系统。1 　材料与方法1 .1 　材料取国家种质水生蔬菜资源圃试验田的鄂莲一号和鄂莲四号的茎尖。1 .2 　方法将取回的鄂莲一号…     

藕莲种质资源形态与农艺性状的遗传变异分析

藕莲是莲（Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.ssp.nucifera）的3种类型之一,在我国作为水生蔬菜栽培的历史愈两千年。对国家种质资源圃中来自17个省和直辖市的68份藕莲资源的19个形态和农艺性状进行了观察,并对其遗传变异进行了分析。结果发现整藕重与主藕重、主藕长和第三节粗成极显著正相关。通径分析结果表明主藕重对整藕重的正向效应最高（0.982）。主成分分析结果显示前4个成分占总变异的77.33%。结果还显示对整藕重负效应最高的是主藕重/整藕重（-0.296）。聚类分析发现所有藕莲资源可分为5组。     

藕莲种质资源形态与农艺性状的遗传变异分析(英文)

藕莲是莲(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.ssp.nucifera)的3种类型之一,在我国作为水生蔬菜栽培的历史愈两千年。对国家种质资源圃中来自17个省和直辖市的68份藕莲资源的19个形态和农艺性状进行了观察,并对其遗传变异进行了分析。结果发现整藕重与主藕重、主藕长和第三节粗成极显著正相关。通径分析结果表明主藕重对整藕重的正向效应最高(0.982)。主成分分析结果显示前4个成分占总变异的77.33%。结果还显示对整藕重负效应最高的是主藕重/整藕重(-0.296)。聚类分析发现所有藕莲资源可分为5组。     

Ultrastructure of Protein Bodies and Plastids in Cotyledon of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.at Seed Germination

The present article deals mainly with the formation and dissolution of protein bodies and development of plastids in cotyledon cells of Nelumbo nucifera during seed germination. Electron microscopic studies reveal that protein bodies are formed after imbibition of the cotyledons before germination. They are produced through accumulation of protein material in small vacuoles delivered from the exudates of endoplasmic reticulum or by fragmentation of endoplasmic reticulum itself. In the period of germination, most of the material in the protein bodies dissolute and they coalesce with each other forming large vacuoles. The protein residue of the vacuoles condenses into small blocks with high electron density adhering to the tonoplast or freely floating in the vacuole. Thus, it suggests that the protein bodies of the germinating N. nucifera cotyledons are originated from vacuoles formed by endoplasmic reticulum. Part of the plastids found in cotyledonous cells of mature N. nucifera seeds exists as proplastids. They develop continuously after imbibition of the cotyledons. During the period of seed germination, many concentric lamellae are developed along the plastid membrane on which they later coalesce with the neighboring concentric lameUae forming loosely organized prolamellar bodies which condense into paracrystalline lattices. No ribosomes are present in the inter spaces of paracrystatline lattice. One to several prolamellar bodies can be developed in one plastid.     

莲的非可食用部分中生物碱分布

研究了莲的非可食用部分荷叶、莲子心、莲房、藕节、莲子壳和藕皮中生物碱的组分及含量。采用乙醇水溶液从非可食用部分提取生物碱,然后用高效液相色谱法进行测定。结果表明莲子心提取物中含有5种主要的生物碱,其中4种为莲心碱、异莲心碱、荷叶碱和甲基莲心碱。除莲子心外的其他部分的提取物组分较相似,都含有6～8种主要的生物碱。荷叶碱在荷叶中的含量最高,可达149.64μg/g;莲心碱、异莲心碱和甲基莲心碱在莲子心中的含量最高,分别为457.76、6155.85、1420.90μg/g。莲的六个非可食用部分中都含有5～8种主要的生物碱,有很好的开发利用价值。