不同种子预处理方法对提高三树种幼苗耐盐性的效应

刺槐（ＲｏｂｉｎｉａｐｓｅｕｄｏａｃａｃｉａＬｉｎｎ．）、湿地松（ＰｉｎｕｓｅｌｉｏｔｉＥｎｇｅｌｍ．）和侧柏〔Ｐｌａｔｙｃｌａｄｕｓｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓ（Ｌ．）Ｆｒａｎｃｏ〕种子经０３％ＣａＣｌ２,２５０μｇ／ｇＨ３ＢＯ３和２５０μｇ／ｇ多效唑（ＭＥＴ）浸种２４ｈ,然后测定幼苗的耐盐性。结果表明,在０．３％ＮａＣｌ胁迫条件下,不同种子预处理方法对种子发芽率、平均苗高、根茎比、简易活力指数（ＳＶＩＳ）以及幼苗中Ｎａ＋与Ｋ＋的累积量、Ｎａ＋／Ｋ＋比及游离脯氨酸含量有较大影响。树种不同,处理效果也存在明显差异。湿地松以０．３％ＣａＣｌ２,侧柏以２５０μｇ／ｇＨ３ＢＯ３浸种处理效果最好,显著提高种子发芽率、平均苗高、根茎比和ＳＶＩＳ,降低幼苗Ｎａ＋吸收量和Ｎａ＋／Ｋ＋比,缓解盐胁迫逆境。３种种子预处理方法均降低刺槐种子发芽率、平均苗长和ＳＶＩＳ,但提高刺槐幼苗游离脯氨酸含量和幼苗根茎比,减少幼苗对Ｎａ＋的吸收,降低Ｎａ＋／Ｋ＋比     

刺槐宽叶和四倍体无性系的组织培养

１植物名称刺槐（Ｒｏｂｉｎｉａｐｓｅｕｄｏａｃａｃｉａ）优良无性系：Ｔｅｔｒａｐｌｏｉｄｌｏｃｕｓｔ、Ｇｌｇａｓｔｙｐｅｌｏｃｕｓｔ。２材料类别带腋芽的茎段。３培养条件（１）启动培养基：ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ０．２５ｍｇ·Ｌ－１（单位下同）＋ＮＡＡ０．０５。（２）分化培养基和继代培养基：ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ０．５＋ＮＡＡ０．１＋ＡｇＮＯ３１０,ＭＳ＋６ＢＡ０．５＋ＮＡＡ０．１。上述培养基均添加３％蔗糖、０．６％琼脂。（３）生根培养基：１／２ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ０．２＋ＮＡＡ０．２,添加２％蔗糖０．６％琼脂。培养基ｐＨ…     

脂多糖对离体培养大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

本研究观察到１０－７～１０－５ｋｇ／Ｌ脂多糖（ｌｉｐｏｐｏｌｙｓａｃｈａｒｉｄｅ,ＬＰＳ）可显著促进血管平滑肌细胞（ＶＳＭＣ）的增殖及ＤＮＡ的合成（Ｐ＜００５）。５×１０－４～１０－３ｋｇ／ＬＬＰＳ却抑制ＶＳＭＣ的增殖及ＤＮＡ的合成,降低其活力（Ｐ＜００１）,并呈时间依赖效应。一氧化氮合酶抑制剂ＮＮｉｔｒｏＬＡｒｇｉｎｉｎｅ（ＬＮＮＡ）可拮抗ＬＰＳ的抑制作用。大剂量ＬＰＳ作用组ＶＳＭＣ上清液中一氧化氮（ＮＯ）代谢产物ＮＯ－３和ＮＯ－２的含量与对照组相比显著增加（Ｐ＜００１）,４８ｈ组比２４ｈ组增加９１％,７２ｈ组比４８ｈ组增加４５％;同时,诱导性一氧化氮合酶（ｉｎｄｕｃｔｉｖｅｎｉｔｒｉｃｏｘｉｄｅｓｙｎｔｈａｓｅ,ｉＮＯＳ）免疫组化染色呈阳性。结果表明,低浓度ＬＰＳ促进ＶＳＭＣ增殖和ＤＮＡ合成,而高浓度ＬＰＳ却明显抑制ＶＳＭＣ增殖和ＤＮＡ合成,降低其活力。这种抑制作用可能与ＬＰＳ诱导ＶＳＭＣ产生的ＮＯ有关。     

武汉地区三种大戟科化石木的研究

研究了我国湖北省武汉市新洲县阳逻镇出土的大戟科树种的化石木,它们是武汉叶下珠（ＰｈｙｌｌａｎｔｈｕｓｗｕｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓＪ．Ｊ．Ｙａｎｇｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）、武汉土密树（ＢｒｉｄｅｌｉａｗｕｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓＪ．Ｊ．Ｙａｎｇｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）、重阳木（ＢｉｓｃｈｏｆｉａｐｏｌｙｃａｒｐａＡｉｒｙＳｈａｗ）。这些化石木的地质年代为晚第三纪（距今２０００～２５０万年）。根据林木生长条件和树种演化,晚第三纪时期当地的气候是炎热和潮湿的：１大戟科的叶下珠亚科现代树木主要分布于热带地区;２晚第三纪时,在武汉地区热带树种楸枫（Ｂ．ｊａｖａｎｉｃａＢｌ．）与现代亚热带树种重阳木并存,现代树种重阳木系具半散孔趋势的散孔材,而晚第三纪时武汉地区的化石木无半散孔趋势,反映了重阳木这个树种演化;３该地区化石木群中还有热带树种顶果木（ＡｃｒｏｃａｒｐｕｓｆｒａｘｉｎｉｆｏｌｉａＡｒｎ．ｅｘＷｉｇｈｔ）和海南红豆（ＯｒｍｏｓｉａｐｉｎｎａｔａＭｅｒ．）。     

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ＫＥＹＷＯＲＤＩＮＤＥＳ（１９９６，Ｖｏｌ．１７）Ａｂｕｎｄａｎｃｅ（３）：２３２ＡＣＡｓｅｒｕｍ（４）：４９９，５０７Ａｃｃｉｐｉｔｒｉｄａｅ（４）＝４８２Ａｄｅｎｏｈｙｐｏｐｈｙｓｉｓ（ｌ）：７８Ａｅｒｉａｌｒｅｓｐｉｒａｔｉｏｎ（２）：１５１Ａ...     

青藏高原毛茛科3种特有植物核型和进化研究

对青藏高原高山冰缘地区毛茛科３种特有植物的核型进行了分析。它们的核型公式（Ｋ）、染色体相对长度组成（Ｃ．Ｒ．Ｌ．）和核型不对称系数（Ａｓ．Ｋ％）分别为：青藏金莲花Ｔｒｏｌｉｕｓｐｕｍｉｌｕｓｖａｒ．ｔａｎｇｕｔｉｃｕｓ：Ｋ（２ｎ）＝６ｍ＋８ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｔ,Ｃ．Ｒ．Ｌ．＝４Ｌ＋４Ｍ２＋４Ｍ１＋４Ｓ,Ａｓ．Ｋ％＝６３．５７,核型属２Ｂ型;甘青乌头Ａｃｏｎｉｔｕｍｔａｎｇｕｔｉｃｕｍ为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝６ｍ＋１０ｓｍ,Ｃ．Ｒ．Ｌ．＝４Ｌ＋８Ｍ１＋４Ｓ,Ａｓ．Ｋ％＝６２．５４,２Ｂ型;单花翠雀花Ｄｅｌｐｈｉｎｉｕｍｃａｎｄｅｌａｂｒｕｍｖａｒ．ｍｏｎａｎｔｈｕｍ为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝６ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ,Ｃ．Ｒ．Ｌ．＝４Ｌ＋４Ｍ２＋４Ｍ１＋６Ｓ,Ａｓ．Ｋ％＝６４．３４,属３Ｂ型。经同相关近缘种核型资料比较,青藏金莲花核型不对称性和进化程度比金莲花Ｔ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ低;甘青乌头的核型不对称性和进化程度在其近缘类群（乌头组Ｓｅｃｔ．Ａｃｏｎｉｔｕｍ）已报道的种之内最低;单花翠雀花核型不对称性和进化水平比翠雀组（Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｄｅｌｐｈｉｎａｓｔｒｕｍ）已报道的展毛翠雀花Ｄ．ｋａｍａｏｅｎｓｅｖａｒ．ｇｌａｂｒｅｓｃｅｎｓ、     

酸性木聚糖酶产生菌的筛选及产酶条件

从１５０株真菌中筛选到８株产木聚糖酶活力在１００Ｕ／ｍＬ以上的菌株,其中活力最高的为黑曲霉（编号１４９）（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｕｓｎｉｇｅｒ）。该菌株产酶较适培养基为：麸皮半纤维素４％,ＮａＮＯ３１％,麸皮１％,用不加（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４和尿素的Ｍａｎｄｅｌｓ氏营养盐液配制。２８℃～３０℃振荡培养６０ｈ,酶活力最高可达３７５．２Ｕ／ｍＬ。该酶最适作用ｐＨ为４６,在ｐＨ３～１１之间基本稳定。该菌株发酵液中含有木聚糖酶（相对活力１００）外还有淀粉酶（１８）,甘露聚糖酶（０９８）,β木糖苷酶（０９４）和纤维素酶（０１７）。     

油松林带对径流的调节作用

油松林带对径流的调节作用王维华,朱劲伟（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,１１００１５）ＴｈｅＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆＰｉｎｕｓｔａｂｕｌａｅｆｏｒｍｉｓＳｋｅｌｔｅｒｂｅｌｔｉｎＲｕｎｏｆｆＲｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎ￥ＷａｎｇＷｅｉｈｕａ;ＺｈｕＪｉｎｗｅｉ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,ＡｃａｄｅｍｉａＳｉｎｉｃａ,Ｓｈｍｙａｎｇ１１００１５）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｍａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（６）：１７－２０．ＴｈｅｒｏｌｅｏｆＰｉｎｕｓｔａｂｕｌａｅｆｏｒｍｉｓｓｈｅｌｔｅｒｂｅｌｔｉｎｒｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｏｆａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｉｏｎｉｓｄｅｍｏｎｓｔｒａｔｅｄｂｙｆｉｅｌｄｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔｓｏｎａｗａｔｅｒｂａｌａｎｃｅｔｒｉａｌｆｉｅｌｄ．３８．３％ｏｆｐｒｅｃｉｐｉｔａｔｉｏｎｗａｓｉｎｔｅｒｃｅｐｔｅｄｂｙｔｈｅｃａｎｏｐｙ,Ｄｏｍｉｎａｎｔｆａｃｔｏｒｓｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｉｎｇｃａｎｏｐｙｉｎｔｅｒｃｅｐｔｉｏｎａｒｅｒａｉｎｆａｌｌａｍｏｕｎｔａｎｄｒａｉｎｆａｌｌｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｔｙ,Ｔｈｅｓｌｏｐｅｒｕｎｏｆｆｇｅｎｅｒａｔｅｄｗａｓ１     

亚高山云冷杉混交林树木生长释放与干扰分析

对云南碧塔海亚高山云冷杉林内４个样地冠层树木的生长压制和释放的历史,用树木年轮分析方法进行了重建,然后根据生长释放频率推测林冠干扰强度（每１０年冠层树木的死亡百分率）。４个林分（１个中龄林,３个成过熟林）生长释放的平均百分率为４８％～９２％。中龄林内,平均生长释放频率为７１％／１０ａ,成过熟林则为７４％～９５％／１０ａ,在油麦吊云杉〔Ｐｉｃｅａｂｒａｃｈｙｔｙｌａｖａｒ．ｃｏｍｐｌａｎａｔａ（Ｍａｓｔ．）ＣｈｅｎｇｅｘＲｅｈｄ．〕占优势的林分和大果红杉（Ｌａｒｉｘｐｏｔａｎｉｎｉｖａｒ．ｍａｃｒｏｃａｒｐａＬａｗ）油麦吊云杉混交林分内,估测的林冠干扰强度分别为４８％／１０ａ和５９％／１０ａ。     

多荚草中的新三萜皂甙

从石竹科植物多荚草（Ｐｏｌｙｃａｒｐｏｎ ｐｒｏｓｔｒａｔｕｍ（Ｆｏｒｓｓｋ．）Ａｓｃｈｅｒｓ．ｅｔ Ｓｃｈｗｅｉｎ．ｅｘ Ａｓｃｈｅｒｓ）中分离得到３个新的柴胡皂甙类化合物：ｐｒｏｓｔｒａｔｏｓｉｄｅ Ａ￣Ｃ（１￣３）。它们的结构通过波谱方法分别鉴定为：３－Ｏ－｛β－Ｄ－ｘｙｌｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｙｌ－（１→２）－β－Ｄ－ｇｌｕｃｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｙｌ－（１→４）－「β－Ｄ－ｇｌｕｃｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｙ     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.