补施CO2对日光温室黄瓜生长的影响

实验以日光温室中正常生长的黄瓜为对照,研究了补施CO2对温室黄瓜光合作用,株高、茎粗、节数、植株干重及鲜重,叶绿素含量、叶面积及厚度,瓜长、瓜重及周径,总产量和抗病性的影响.结果表明与生长正常条件下黄瓜的日光合曲线相比,补施CO2的温室内黄瓜的日光合曲线有所改变,日平均光合速率提高了1.275 μmol*m-2*s-1;与对照相比,株高、茎粗、节数、植株干重、鲜重分别增加了10.7%、37.6%、27.1%、27.3%、31.4%,对植株节数和干鲜重的影响达到极显著水平;叶绿素含量、叶面积及厚度分别增加了0.48%、7.07%、24.82%,对叶面积的影响达到显著水平;黄瓜的果长、果重和平均周径分别增加了9.4%、13.1%、11.8%,对果重的影响达到显著水平;温室总体产量增加了23.96%;补施CO2也提高了黄瓜抗病性,使每百株的发病株次降低了9株次.补施CO2可以缩小黄瓜植株间差异.     

CO_2浓度升高对不同寄主植物上西花蓟马和花蓟马成虫体内消化酶活性的影响

【目的】为明确大气CO_2浓度升高对入侵昆虫西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis及其本地近缘种花蓟马F.intonsa的影响机制。【方法】在CO_2人工气候箱(400和800μL/L)内分别以不同的寄主植物(四季豆、茼蒿、辣椒和黄瓜)饲养西花蓟马和花蓟马3代以后,比较分析两种蓟马成虫体内消化酶(淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶)活性的差异。【结果】4种寄主植物饲养的西花蓟马和花蓟马成虫体内淀粉酶活性均随着CO_2浓度的升高而降低,其中四季豆、黄瓜、辣椒和茼蒿饲养的西花蓟马成虫体内淀粉酶活性依次降低21.39%,25.33%,44.59%和42.27%;而花蓟马成虫体内淀粉酶活性则分别降低了48.79%,49.47%,38.86%和38.92%。随着CO_2浓度的升高,两种蓟马成虫体内脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶的活性均升高,其中四季豆、黄瓜和辣椒饲养的两种蓟马酶活性均显著升高(P0.05)。高CO_2浓度环境中四季豆饲养的西花蓟马脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶活性分别是对照的2.00和2.49倍,黄瓜饲养的种群其脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶活性分别是对照的2.36和2.27倍,辣椒饲养种群相应的酶活性分别是对照的3.61和3.59倍。而高CO_2浓度环境中四季豆、黄瓜和辣椒饲养的花蓟马脂肪酶活性仅分别是对照的1.76,2.18和2.69倍,胰蛋白酶活性分别为对照的1.72,2.19和2.42倍。【结论】CO_2浓度升高和寄主植物种类是影响两种蓟马成虫体内淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性变化的重要原因,两种蓟马均能通过调节自身的酶活性来适应未来高CO_2浓度的气候环境,其中入侵种西花蓟马对环境的适应性强于本地近缘种花蓟马。     

日光温室土壤定时加温对黄瓜幼苗光合特性的影响

采用定时土壤加温处理,研究日光温室内土壤温度变化对黄瓜幼苗光合特性的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,日光温室在6:00—8:00时进行土壤加温,显著提高了土壤温度,尤其是在7:00—12:00,较高的土壤温度不仅降低了黄瓜幼苗叶片气孔限制值,增加气孔导度和细胞间CO2浓度,而且还显著提高黄瓜叶片ФPSII、Pn、AQY和CE,如在12:00,加温处理黄瓜幼苗叶片Pn和ФPSII分别比对照处理高62.3%、19.67%;而土壤温度变化对黄瓜幼苗叶片Fv/Fm影响不大;日光温室土壤加温显著促进黄瓜幼苗的生长,表现在黄瓜幼苗株高、茎粗、鲜重均明显增加,地上部鲜重比对照高113.8%。总之,日光温室内土壤定时加温通过提高土壤温度,增强了黄瓜幼苗叶片对CO2和光能利用能力,提高了黄瓜幼苗光合作用,进而促进黄瓜幼苗的生长。该结果可为低温季节设施黄瓜高产栽培提供理论依据。     

地表覆盖对温室黄瓜生长及生理特性的影响

研究了地表覆盖秸秆、地膜和秸秆加膜对日光温室嫁接和非嫁接黄瓜生长与生理特性的影响.结果表明,地表覆盖可有效促进植株生长,嫁接黄瓜覆盖秸秆加膜、地膜与秸秆的株高和茎粗依次比对照增加91、71、57 cm和0127、0.086、0.111 cm,非嫁接黄瓜增幅较小;地表覆盖可增强光合作用,嫁接黄瓜覆盖秸秆加膜、地膜、秸秆的净光合速率分别比对照增加2.63、2.08与1.36 μmol·m^-2·s^-1,非嫁接黄瓜增幅较小;嫁接黄瓜覆盖秸秆加膜和秸秆的叶绿素含量比对照增加1.8%和3.15%,而覆盖地膜的叶绿素含量降低了3.8%,非嫁接黄瓜的叶绿素含量变幅较小;嫁接黄瓜覆盖秸秆加膜、地膜、秸秆的根系活力比对照提高0.98、0.48和0.8 mg TTC·g^-1FW,同一处理的非嫁接黄瓜根系活力增幅较小;地表覆盖可增加单株干物重,提高早期产量和总产量,嫁接黄瓜覆盖秸秆加膜、地膜与秸秆的单株产量比非嫁接黄瓜分别增加16%、5.3%和3.4%.     

基质中添加微生物制剂对黄瓜幼苗生长和枯萎病抗性的影响

为了解不同基质与菌剂或微生物有机肥互作对黄瓜幼苗生长和抗枯萎病的影响,以易感枯萎病黄瓜品种‘津研四号’为试材,采用成品育苗基质、草炭-醋糟(体积比1∶1)及草炭-蛭石(体积比1∶1)3种基质育苗,并在基质中分别添加微生物有机肥(Ba)、混合菌剂E和单一菌剂B006处理,成苗后定植到成品基质中,并接种枯萎病病菌进行处理。结果表明:3种育苗基质中添加适量的Ba、B006和E均能不同程度促进黄瓜幼苗生长和提高叶绿素含量,且以成品基质中添加微生物制剂效果最好,其中:添加30g Ba处理幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶面积、根体积是成品基质空白对照的1.07、1.09、1.50、1.30倍,幼苗地上鲜重、地上和地下干重分别是对照的1.28、1.41和1.34倍;E10处理的幼苗Chl a、Chl b和叶绿素总量的含量分别是成品对照的1.81、1.93和1.83倍。添加Ba、B006和E均提高了根围与根际中细菌和放线菌数量,降低枯萎病病菌数量,其中:添加B006能使根围和根际中细菌和放线菌的数量达到对照的2.10倍、1.96倍和2.32倍、1.92倍,而添加B006后植株根围、根际中枯萎病病菌的数量仅为对照中的19.05%和41.00%;添加B006和Ba能使枯萎病发病率比对照降低37.0%和25.0%。研究表明,在成品基质育苗中,添加30～40g微生物有机肥Ba,可提高黄瓜幼苗质量;定植后添加适量Ba或B006,可提高黄瓜植株枯萎病抗性。     

亚精胺对黄瓜幼苗灰霉病的诱抗作用

采用根际基质注射结合叶面喷洒不同浓度亚精胺（Spd）的方法,测定了灰霉病菌侵染下黄瓜幼苗植株病情指数、防御酶活性和抗病相关物质含量等生理生化指标,以明确Spd对黄瓜幼苗抗灰霉病的诱导作用.结果表明：Spd处理黄瓜灰霉病病情指数比对照最高降低25.4%;苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、过氧化物酶（POD）和多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性最高分别比对照提高48.4%、635.9%和38.9%;总酚、类黄酮和木质素含量也明显增加.表明Spd可诱导黄瓜幼苗对灰霉病的抗性,且最佳处理浓度为150 mg·L^-1.     

菌根化育苗对大棚黄瓜生长发育和果实品质的影响

以Glomus versiforme （GV）、Glomus mosseae（GM）和Glomus intraradices（GI）3种丛枝菌根菌及其混合菌种GM+GV、GM+GI、GV+GI和GM+GV+GI接种黄瓜幼苗,进行菌根化育苗,研究菌根化育苗对黄瓜的生长发育、产量和品质的影响.结果表明,接种的丛枝菌根菌均能与黄瓜幼苗根系形成菌根,侵染率高达41.74%～55.69%.其中,GV、GM、GM+GV、GM+GV+GI 和GV+GI是黄瓜的优势菌种,与对照相比,壮苗指数提高了58.14%～123.6%,前期产量增加了21.71%～37.87%,总产量增加了19.72%～34.41%.接种GM+GV和GV+GI处理可显著地提高黄瓜果实中Vc的含量,分别比对照提高了22.84%和21.95%;接种GV、GV+GI和GI处理可显著提高黄瓜果实中可溶性糖含量,分别比对照提高了13.79%、10.20%和8.25%;接种GV和GM+GI处理黄瓜果实中的氨基酸含量,分别比对照提高了47.66%和23.19%,蛋白质含量提高了17.67%～34.79%.     

授粉对黄瓜果实发育和品质的影响

以 津绿 3号 黄瓜为试材 ,研究了授粉对黄瓜果实发育、营养成分变化及采后果形变化的影响 .结果表明 ,授粉可减少化瓜、刺激果实发育、提高果实商品性 ,并提高产量 ,其坐瓜率、商品瓜率、单瓜重及产量分别较单性结实提高 6 3.0 %、6 8.7%、2 2 .6 %和 12 7.6 % .授粉瓜和单性结实瓜均表现为随着果实发育 ,可溶性蛋白质和维生素 C含量呈减少的趋势 ,可溶性糖含量呈逐渐增长的趋势 ,游离氨基酸含量呈波动变化 ,但授粉瓜的 4种营养成分均高于单性结实瓜 .在采后 1～ 5 d,授粉瓜头部易膨大形成大头瓜 ,而单性结实瓜果形变化不大     

增甘膦保鲜黄瓜、菜豆

1988、1989两年秋季,我们用增甘膦处理黄瓜、菜豆,贮藏保鲜,选刚采摘下的无病、虫害的黄瓜,菜豆,用0.1％增甘膦水溶液浸泡10分钟后沥干,放入30×60厘米的0.1毫米厚的聚乙烯袋中,袋口用橡皮筋扎好,贮于自然温度状态的地下窖,温度9—17℃。用清水浸泡做对照、贮藏30天后测定,用增甘膦处理过的黄瓜、菜豆失水率为1.12％和0.014％;对照失水率分别为2.45％和3％。无腐烂、无大肚瓜和黄衰瓜。而对照大肚瓜、黄衰瓜率分别为3.4％和6.9％。商品率提高。     

秸秆不同还田方式对污染土壤砷形态的影响

为探讨秸秆还田对农田土壤砷形态的影响, 采用室内土壤培养试验, 探究旱作和水淹条件下秸秆灰分还田、秸秆粉碎还田对污染农田土壤砷赋存形态的影响。结果表明: 在旱作条件下, 秸秆灰分还田松散结合态砷含量相比对照试验提高了102%, 钙型砷含量降低了30.3%; 秸秆粉碎还田松散结合态砷、钙型砷含量分别增加了43.3%、21.7%, 铝型砷、铁型砷含量降低。水淹条件下, 秸秆灰分还田、粉碎还田松散结合态砷含量相比对照试验提高了105%、210%, 钙型砷含量降低, 铝型砷、铁型砷含量升高, 残渣态砷含量降低。秸秆还田上覆水pH升高、Eh降低、砷浓度升高, 粉碎还田、秸秆灰分还田上覆水砷浓度分别达对照试验的26倍和6倍, Eh与上覆水砷浓度存在显著负相关, r=-0.876(P=0.01)。研究表明, 两种秸秆还田方式均能增加砷的活性, 若在砷污染土壤中用秸秆灰分或粉碎秸秆还田可能会增加砷的环境风险。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.