杜仲籽油与紫苏籽油脂肪酸组成的比较研究

利用气相色谱法,对杜仲籽油和紫苏籽油的脂肪酸组成、α-亚麻酸含量等进行了比较研究。结果发现,两者不仅脂肪酸GC指纹图谱较为相似(脂肪酸组成、含量基本相同),而且外观、气味、折光率等质量指标也非常相近。说明了杜仲籽油具有与紫苏籽油同样的开发价值。     

自然光温下甘薯试管苗的脱毒与快繁

1　植物名称　甘薯 (Ｉｐｏｍｏｅａｂａｔａｔａｓ)品种 (系 )泉薯 6 4 7、97 1 1和 98 2 6。2　材料类别　 0 .2～ 0 .5ｍｍ茎尖分生组织和 3 2～ 3 5℃高温预培养的 2～ 5ｍｍ茎尖。3　培养条件　愈伤组织与芽的诱导培养基 :(1 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 1 .0ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 )     

新疆香梨脱毒苗的组织培养快速繁殖技术研究

香梨(PyrussinkiangensisYü)是新疆重要的经济果树,其试管苗微繁与一般梨属植物一样,容易玻璃化,生根率及移栽成活率均较低,亟待解决(赵剑和杨文杰1998;王革献等2003;Kadota和Niimi2003)。为此,本文就此问题作了一些探讨。培养基中以单位植株诱导形成侧芽的个数计算;展叶数以试管苗叶片完全展开、扁平为标志。得到如下结果:1.增殖方式1主要是通过提高腋芽的分化个数来增殖的,增殖效率较高,但玻璃化严重,以带侧芽茎段培养时的腋芽分化,虽然增殖效率相对较低,但玻璃苗率为0,茎尖枯死也不多,且试管苗展叶良好,即在保证一定增殖效率的情况下…     

华山松籽油的成分分析及其抗氧化的研究

通过气相色谱 GC 分析了华山松籽油的主要脂肪酸组成.结果表明:华山松籽含油率为56.5%,其中主要含有亚油酸63%,油酸26%,棕榈酸5%,硬脂酸2%,花生酸1%,芥酸1%,不饱和脂肪酸总量达90%.抗氧化研究采用Schaal烘箱法63±1℃,即在松籽油中加入几种不同的抗氧化剂进行加速氧化.结果表明:抗氧化剂二丁基对甲苯酚、没食子酸丙酯、特丁基对苯二酚对松籽油有明显的抗氧化作用,其中特丁基对苯二酚效果较好,柠檬酸对其具有协同增效作用,添加50mg/kg柠檬酸,抗氧化效果显著.VE无显著作用.     

越冬胁迫对草鱼抗氧化能力及脂肪酸组成的影响

为了探讨草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)越冬期间氧化应激状况及其与组织脂肪酸比例变化的关联性,将草鱼[初始体重(1053.33±16.11) g]分别置于室外水泥培育池,自然越冬处理0、1周、2周、4周、8周、12周和16周后,进行生物学性状指标,肝胰脏、肌肉、前肠、脂肪组织和血清抗氧化能力指标及肝胰脏、肌肉、脂肪组织脂肪酸比例的测定,同时进行了抗氧化能力指标与脂肪酸比例间的关联性分析。结果表明,在越冬期间,草鱼机体体重、肝胰脏重量、肥满度、肝体比、脏体比、肠体比和腹腔脂肪指数均发生显著下降(P<0.05);但是肾指数和脾指数显著上升(P>0.05)。氧化胁迫应激最大的3个组织分别是脂肪组织、肝胰脏和肌肉。肝胰脏PUFA比例对总体脂肪酸比例产生了主要的影响(主成分载荷特征值>0.5),肌肉C18:2n-6和C16:0比例对总体脂肪酸组成产生主要影响,脂肪组织中的PUFA、n-6PUFA、SFA和MUFA比例对总体脂肪酸比例产生了主要影响;关联分析表明草鱼脂肪组织中SFA在越冬期间供应能量同时,与氧化应激乃至机体损伤显示正相关关联性,肌肉中PUF...     

灵芝孢子粉氨基酸,脂肪酸及元素组成的研究

从灵芝Ｇａｎｏｄｅｒｍａｌｕｃｉｃｈａｍ孢子粉中检出１８种常见氨基酸,总是为７．２９～７．７１ｍｇ／１００ｍｇ;其中甲硫氨酸含量高达３．３０～３．４８ｍｇ／１００ｍｇ人体必需氨基酸含量占总量的６９．４～７０．４％,灵芝孢子粉含有棕榈酸（１９．８％）油酸（５５．２％）,亚油酸（１６．５％）以及少量的肉豆蔻酸,硬脂酸,廿碳烯酸及廿二碳四烯酸等,对５６种元素进行定量或半定量分析,结果表明灵芝孢子粉碳氮比     

菌草灵芝孢子油与段木灵芝孢子油中脂肪酸组成的比较研究

利用气相色谱法,对菌草灵芝孢子油与段木灵芝孢子油中脂肪酸组成、不饱和脂肪酸含量等进行了比较研究。结果发现两者脂肪酸GC指纹图谱极为相似(脂肪酸组成基本相同),说明了菌草灵芝孢子油与段木灵芝孢子油一样有同样的开发价值,但是脂肪酸含量不同,菌草灵芝孢子油中亚油酸和油酸占55.61%,不饱和脂肪酸占61.15%;段木灵芝孢子油中亚油酸和油酸占49.87%,不饱和脂肪酸占54.88%。而且两者的外观、气味略不同。     

苹果试管苗移栽前后光合特性的初步研究（简报）

植物组织培养近十几年来得到迅猛发展,已广泛应用于植物的快速繁殖及育种等各个领域。但关于苹果等木本植物试管苗光合特性方面的研究尚未见系统报道。现将我们对苹果试管苗移栽前后的光合特性所进行的研究,介绍如下。试材选用苹果品种长富-2的组培无性系。生根培养基为1/2MS 0.3mg/1 IBA 2%蔗糖 0.5%琼脂,培养容器为100ml三角瓶,温度25—28℃,光强3000lx,光周期16/8(日/夜)。生根处理45天后转到温室,开口锻炼3天,移栽在遮荫温室中,基质为蛭石并用塑料     

玻璃化与正常苹果试管苗的叶片和茎的显微结构比较

以苹果品种‘鲁加5号’试管苗为试材,其用石蜡切片和电镜扫描观察方法,比较玻璃化与正常试管苗叶片和茎的显微结构的结果表明：苹果玻璃化试管苗的叶片和茎的显微结构与正常试管苗有显著差异,前者的叶片厚度变大,表皮细胞密度极低;表皮细胞体积膨大,液泡化,栅栏组织厚度减小,海绵组织厚度增加;气孔器的长轴变化不明显,短轴变宽,气孔密度极高;茎的维管组织中有空洞和塌陷,导管管壁多皱褶,筛管中无淀粉粒积累。     

饲料脂肪水平对杂交鲟幼鱼生长、饲料消化率、抗氧化水平和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响

研究旨在探究饲料中不同脂肪水平对西伯利亚杂交鲟(Acipenser baerii Brandt♀×A. schrenckii Brandt♂)幼鱼生长、饲料消化率、血清生化指标及肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响。以鱼油为脂肪源,配制4种脂肪水平分别为5%(D05)、10%(D10)、15%(D15)和20%(D20)的等氮饲料。选用初始体重为(152.83±0.67) g的杂交鲟,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复25尾鱼。养殖周期为12周。结果显示,饲料中不同脂肪水平对杂交鲟的生长性能有显著影响(P<0.05)。其中, D15组杂交鲟幼鱼的末均重(FBW)、增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)显著高于D05、D10和D20组(P<0.05),饲料效率(FE)显著高于D05和D10组(P<0.05)。随着饲料中脂肪含量的增加,杂交鲟幼鱼脏体比(VSI)、肝体比(HSI)及肌肉、肝脏中的脂肪含量显著上升(P<0.05)。饲料中不同脂肪水平对干物质(ADCd)、蛋白质(ADCp)表观消化率无显著影响(P>0.05)。D10、D15和D20组脂肪表观消化率(ADCf)显...     

不同钙浓度对两种岩溶植物幼苗生长及其酶活性的影响

该研究采用砂培法,以狗骨木(Swida wilsoniana)和南酸枣(Choerospondias axillaris)两种岩溶植物为研究对象,用不同钙离子(Ca~(2+))浓度(设为5、35、70、150、300 mmol·L~(-1)的5个水平)的营养液进行培养,研究其对两种植物的生长及酶活性的影响。结果表明:狗骨木和南酸枣的株高在5 mmol·L~(-1)时最大,之后随Ca~(2+)浓度上升呈下降趋势,南酸枣在300 mmol·L~(-1)时有所回升。两种植物的根、枝、叶生物量和总生物量随着Ca~(2+)浓度增加而减少。狗骨木叶、枝、根的生物量分配比率为根枝叶,南酸枣在35 mmol·L~(-1)时表现为根枝叶,其他在Ca~(2+)浓度下均为枝根叶,叶生物量分配少。狗骨木和南酸枣的丙二醛(MDA)含量在150 mmol·L~(-1)时最低,且狗骨木的低于南酸枣。钙胁迫下,与南酸枣相比,狗骨木维持较高的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和可溶性糖含量。两种植物在5和150 mmol·L~(-1)的Ca~(2+)浓度下各项指标处于较适水平,而在300 mmol·L~(-1)的高钙离子浓度下受到明显的胁迫,对比两种植物,狗骨木较南酸枣在高钙浓度下有更好的适应性。     

Effect of dietary fatty acids on expression of lipogenic enzymes and fatty acid profile in tissues of bulls

This study investigated the effects of dietary linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) v. linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) on fatty acid composition and protein expression of key lipogenic enzymes, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and delta 6 desaturase (Δ6d) in longissimus muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue of bulls. Supplementation of the diet with C18:3n-3 was accompanied by an increased level of n-3 fatty acids in muscle which resulted in decrease of n-6/n-3 ratio. The diet enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) significantly inhibited SCD protein expression in muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and reduced the Δ6d expression in muscle. There was no significant effect of the diet on ACC protein expression. Inhibition of the Δ6d expression was associated with a decrease in n-6 PUFA level in muscles, whereas repression of SCD protein was related to a lower oleic acid (C18:1 cis-9) content in the adipose tissue. Expression of ACC, SCD and Δ6d proteins was found to be relatively higher in subcutaneous adipose tissue when compared with longissimus muscle. It is suggested that dietary manipulation of fatty acid composition in ruminants is mediated, at least partially, through the regulation of lipogenic enzymes expression and that regulation of the bovine lipogenic enzymes expression is tissue specific.     

从酶的专一性看植酸酶与酸性磷酸酶的关系

迄今为止的资料表明,大多数植酸酶与酸性磷酸酶的关系密切。通过测定Km,即可判断只有以植酸（盐）为最适底物的酶（包括酸性磷酸酶）才是严格意义上的植酸酶。     

Flavour biogenesis. Partial purification and properties of a fatty acid hydroperoxide cleaving enzyme from fruits of cucumber

A membrane-bound enzyme, which catalyses the cleavage of fatty acid hydroperoxides to carbonyl fragments, has been partially purified from cucumber fruit. The isomeric 9- and 13-hydroperoxydienes (but not the hydroxydienes) derived from both linoleic and linolenic acids are cleaved by the enzyme but a mixture of 9- and 10-hydroperoxymonoenoic derivatives of oleic acid was not attacked. No evidence was obtained for free intermediates between fatty acid hydroperoxides and the cleavage products. Major volatile products were: cis-3-nonenal and hexanal (from 9- and 13-hydroperoxides of linoleic acid respectively) or cis-3,cis-6-nonadienal and cis-3-hexenal (from 9- and 13-hydroperoxides of linolenic acid). The increase in the ratio of cis-3- to trans-2-enal products with enzyme purification indicated that cis-3-enals are the immediate cleavage products and that the trans-2- forms are produced by subsequent isomerization.     

控制性分根区交替滴灌对苹果幼树形态特征与根系水分传导的影响

采用固定滴灌(根区一侧固定供水)、控制性分根区交替滴灌(根区两侧交替供水)和常规滴灌(紧贴幼树基部供水)3种灌水方式和3种灌水定额(固定滴灌和交替滴灌均为10、20和30 mm,常规滴灌为20、30和40 mm),对比研究了控制性分根区交替滴灌对苹果幼树形态特征与根系水分传导的影响.结果表明： 交替滴灌的根区两侧土壤出现反复干湿交替过程,常规滴灌的根区两侧土壤含水率差异不显著.在灌水定额相同时,灌水侧的土壤含水率在3种灌水方式间差异不显著.与常规滴灌和固定滴灌相比,交替滴灌显著增加了苹果幼树的根冠比、壮苗指数和根系水分传导,在30 mm灌水定额处理下,交替滴灌的根冠比分别增加31.6%和47.1%,壮苗指数增加34.2%和53.6%,根系水分传导增加9.0%和11.0%.3种灌水方式下,根干质量和叶面积均与根系水分传导呈显著线性正相关.控制性分根区交替滴灌增强了苹果幼树根系水分传导的补偿效应,促进了根系对水分的吸收利用,有利于干物质向各个器官均衡分配,显著提高了根冠比和壮苗指数.     

Developmental and nutritional regulation of the messenger RNAs for fatty acid synthase,malic enzyme and albumin in the livers of embryonic and newly-hatched chicks

Summary The mRNAs for fatty acid synthase and malic enzyme were almost undetectable in total RNA extracted from the livers of 16-day old chick embryos. Both mRNAs increased in abundance between the 16th day of incubation and the day of hatching. In neonates, fatty acid synthase mRNA level was dependent on nutritional status, increasing slowly if the chicks were starved and rapidly if they were fed. The abundance of malic enzyme mRNA decreased in starved neonatal chicks and increased in fed ones. When neonates were first fed and then starved, starvation caused a large decrease in the abundance of both mRNAs. Conversely, feeding, after a period of starvation, resulted in a substantial increase in both mRNAs. The relative abundances of fatty acid synthase and malic enzyme mRNAs correlated positively with relative rates of enzyme synthesis. Thus, nutritional and hormonal regulation of the synthesis of these two lipogenic enzymes is exerted primarily at a pre-translational level.The abundance of albumin mRNA decreased significantly between the 16th day of incubation and the day of hatching but did not change thereafter in fed or starved chicks. The relative stability of albumin mRNA levels after hatching attests to the selectivity of the nutritional regulation of fatty acid synthase and malic enzyme mRNAs. The decrease in albumin mRNA which occurred between 16 days of incubation and hatching contrasts with the increase in albumin mRNA sequences which occurred during late gestation in the fetal rat (20). High levels of albumin in the chick embryo may be related to the lack of an analogue of mammalian alpha-fetoprotein in birds.Abbreviations PIPES piperazine-N,N-bis (2 ethanesulfonic acid) - SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate Postdoctoral Fellow of the Medical Research Council of Canada.     

5株新分离海洋硅藻总脂和脂肪酸组成的比较研究

从浙江渔山列岛、朱家尖海域拖网采集浮游植物,采用平板分离法和水滴分离法分离、纯化出5株硅藻,用MAV培养基进行培养,采用Bligh—Dyer法和气相色谱-质谱法,对5株海洋硅藻的总脂及脂肪酸组成进行了分析比较。结果表明：在水温17—25℃,盐度25,自然光照,不充气培养条件下,5株海洋硅藻的总脂含量为15．14％-28．07％,除成对海链藻（Thalassiosirabinata）外,大龙骨藻（Tropidoneismaxima）、咖啡双眉藻（Amphoracoffeaeformis）、曼氏骨奈藻SM-2012—1（Skeletonemamunzelii）、曼氏骨条藻SM-2012-2（Skeletonemamunzelii）的总脂含量均超过其干重的20％。除咖啡双眉藻的20：4n_6含量高于20：5n4外,其它4株硅藻的20：5n．3在脂肪酸组成中含量较高,达22．04％-27．74％;5株硅藻中C18系列脂肪酸含量较低,为0．13％-7．6％;咖啡双眉藻除外的其它4株硅藻均舍有一定量的22：6n-3（2．40％-3．45％）。最终选出大龙骨藻（Tropidoneis maxima）、曼氏骨条藻SM-2012-1（Skeletonemamunzelii）、曼氏骨条藻SM-2012-2（Skeletonemamunzelii）具有开发的潜能。     

Effect of surfactants on peroxidase activity: IV. Effect of milk lipids and fatty acid salts

The effect of surfactants, lipids and fatty acid salts isolated from cow milk on the activity of hemecontaining horseradish peroxidase in solution was studied. As the surfactant concentration increases, the rate of the enzymic reaction successively decreases, increases, and again decreases, down to zero in the case of the fatty acid salts. The initial deceleration of the reaction rate results from the enzyme inhibition. The subsequent increase is caused by an improved accessibility for the substrate and the enhanced activity of the catalytic site of the enzyme due to its immobilization in the surfactant aggregates. A shielding of the protein by these aggregates can explain the secondary deceleration of the enzymic reaction rate. The general character of the dependence is similar and does not depend on the surfactant structure for a series of fatty acid salts and phospholipids; however, it is quite different in the case of cholesterol and sphingomyelin. For communication III, see [1].     

镉及其与钙组合对褐脉少花龙葵毛状根生长、抗氧化酶活性和吸收镉的影响

为了探讨利用褐脉少花龙葵毛状根来修复重金属镉(Cd)污染的可能性,采用溶液培养法研究了Cd单独及其与钙(Ca)组合对褐脉少花龙葵毛状根生长、抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性及对Cd吸收的影响。结果表明,Cd≤50μmol/L时能促进毛状根生长,而高于100μmol/LCd则抑制毛状根生长,使其侧根根尖变褐和变短,数目减少。与对照相比,不同浓度Cd培养的毛状根可溶性蛋白含量和SOD活性先升高后逐渐下降;其丙二醛(MDA)含量显著提高;100μmol/LCd使毛状根POD活性逐渐升高,但300μmol/LCd则使毛状根POD活性逐渐降低。与对照(仅添加100μmol/L或300μmol/LCd的毛状根)相比,Cd和10～30mmol/LCaCl2组合培养使毛状根可溶性蛋白含量和MDA含量降低;但提高其SOD活性;而100μmol/LCd和10～30mmol/LCaCl2结合培养的毛状根POD活性均比对照低;而300μmol/LCd和10～30mmol/LCaCl2结合培养的毛状根POD活性则均比对照提高。原子吸收分光光度法测定结果表明,毛状根吸收和吸附的重金属Cd含量随着培养基中Cd浓度的升高而增加。但外源加入10～30mmol/LCaCl2能减少毛状根对Cd的吸收,并调节其抗氧化酶SOD和POD活性,降低其膜脂过氧化水平而解除重金属Cd对毛状根生长的抑制或毒害。