九顶山野生猕猴桃资源分布及保护

本文通过对九顶山野山猕桃资源现状调查,郑重探讨九顶山野生猕猴桃资源保护和合理开发利用方法,为政府制定保护措施和开发利用决策提供科学依据。     

九顶山蛇类动物资源调查及保护建议

蛇类是有鳞目蛇亚目 ( Serpentes)的爬行动物 ,是自然生态的重要组成部分 ,它的生存灭绝直接关系到自然生态环境的质量。长期以来人们过度地捕捉野生蛇类 ,使自然界中的野生蛇类数量急剧减少 ,甚至有些蛇类已濒临灭绝 ,导致自然生态环境平衡失调 ,严重影响着人类的生存繁衍。为了有效地保护蛇类资源 ,我们于 1 997年 4月至 1 999年6月组织部分专家和科研人员对九顶山区的蛇类资源进行调查 ,基本摸清该区蛇类资源的种类、分布及栖息环境状况 ,现报道如下。1　九顶山自然概况　　九顶山地处四川省德阳市西北山区 ,西北与阿坝州的茂汶羌族自治…     

九顶山蔷薇科植物资源及保护对策

中国是蔷薇科植物的原生中心之一,分布有55属,1000多种。蔷薇科植物是经济和生态价值极大的植物种类,其中有果树植物、观赏花卉植物和药用植物,深受广大人民群众的喜爱。德阳市九顶山区位于岷山山系中段,自然条件优越,气候温和,雨量充沛,海拔由700 m直接爬升到4989 m,植物垂直带谱十分明显,分布有多种蔷薇科植物。1998~2003年,作者与有关专家学者三次对九顶山区蔷薇科植物资源种类及分布环境进行了调查,调查结果显示,该区分布有蔷薇科植物37属237种。其中,草本植物10属46种,占该区蔷薇科植物的19.4%,木本植物27属191种,占该区蔷薇科植物的80.6%。就加强蔷薇科植物资源保护提出了相应的建议,为市政府制定蔷薇科植物资源保护和开发利用措施提供了科学依据。     

辽宁医巫闾山两栖爬行动物多样性及保护对策

1　自然概况医巫闾山位于辽宁西部山地丘陵的东部边缘,与辽河平原相邻。山体呈东北—西南走向,地理位置在121°31′42″Ｅ～120°46′40″Ｅ、41°26′40″Ｎ～40°46′00″Ｎ之间。主要山体地处锦州地区北宁市(原北镇县)与义县交界处。海拔多在200-800ｍ之间。气候属暖温带半干旱季风气候,夏季炎热多雨,冬季寒冷干燥,年平均气温82℃,年平均降水量600ｍｍ,其中6～8月占全年降水量的707%。植物区系属华北植物区系,植被类型主要有蒙古栎林、油松林和灌木丛。蒙古栎林分布在偏阴坡处,林中混生有大叶朴、紫椴、花曲柳、黑桦、五角枫、小叶朴、胡…     

四川资阳市两栖爬行动物资源调查初报

1996~2007年对四川省资阳市的两栖爬行动物资源进行了初步调查,发现两栖类7种,其中有尾目1种,无尾目6种;爬行类18种,其中龟鳖目2种,有鳞目蜥蜴亚目5种、蛇亚目11种,其中包括新记录1科3属5种。建议加强对该市两栖爬行动物物种多样性及其生境的保护,合理利用两栖爬行动物资源。     

云岭山脉云南地区两栖爬行类动物多样性

云岭位于云南省西北部、西藏自治区东南部及四川省西南部,是横断山系的重要山脉,同时也是澜沧江和金沙江的分水岭。为了掌握云岭山脉云南地区的生物多样性状况与威胁因素,促进区域的生物多样性保护和监管,本文开展了云岭山脉云南地区的两栖爬行动物多样性调查与评估。2019年和2020年采用以样线法为主、访问为辅的野外调查,共计布设样线239条,共记录两栖类37种,隶属2目10科22属;爬行类44种,隶属2目10科25属。多样性分析结果显示:云岭山脉云南地区的两栖爬行动物种类相较西双版纳等热点地区的更少,且爬行动物较两栖动物更为丰富,造成这种现象可能的原因是海拔限制或调查错过繁殖期。在2,200–2,300 m的海拔段能够记录到更多数量的两栖爬行物种,因此中高海拔具有更为丰富的两栖爬行动物多样性。在云岭山脉云南地区的非保护区区域,栖息地破坏和人为干扰是威胁两栖爬行动物生存和繁殖的主要因素。此外,调查还发现了外来物种,需进一步进行外来种的监测,及时控制种群数量,避免大规模的生态入侵。本研究摸清了云岭山脉云南地区的两栖爬行动物多样性本底,查明了调查区域内生物多样性保护中存在的问题和胁迫因素,为该区域内生物...     

西藏两栖抓行动物多样性的补充调查及现状

本文简要介绍了作者于１９９８年到西藏从事两栖爬行动物调查的结果,并对西藏地区两栖爬行动物的分布格局及其自下而上现状进行了讨论。     

千岛湖两栖爬行类动物群落结构嵌套分析

生境片段化是导致生物多样性降低的主要原因之一.该文采用样线法对千岛湖23个岛屿的两栖爬行类进行了调查,并结合植物种类调查数据和GIS技术提取的栖息地景观参数,使用“BINMATNEST”软件和Spearman相关性分析等方法,对这些岛屿上的两栖爬行类群落的分布格局及其影响因素进行分析.结果表明,千岛湖两栖爬行类群落整体上呈现嵌套分布格局;嵌套格局与岛屿面积和生境类型相关显著.因此,在制定千岛湖地区两栖爬行动物保护措施时,应优先考虑面积较大和生境类型多的岛屿.     

重庆市两栖动物资源及现状

依据近３０年的野外调查采集结果,重庆市现有两栖动物２目８科１８属３３种。区系组成以华中区物种占绝对优势,为５１．５２％。地理分布上处于盆中平原丘陵省的物种仅１２种,盆地东北缘大巴山省有２４种,盆地东南缘山地省有２８种。对重庆的两栖动物多样性和资源类型进行了分析,概括了资源利用现状。     

历山保护区的药用两栖爬行类

历山自然保护区位于山西省南部 ,地跨翼城、沁水、阳城、垣曲四县交界处 ,地理坐标为东经 111°5 1′10″～ 112°36′35″ ,北纬 35°16′30″～ 35°2 7′2 0″ ,本区属暖温带季风型大陆性气候 ,是东南亚季风的边缘 ,水资源丰富 ,雨量充沛 ,光照充足 ,为野生动物的生存繁衍提供了得天独厚的自然生态条件 ,具有“山西省动植物资源宝库”的美称。关于该区的药用西栖爬行类 ,尚未见有系统报道 ,于 1997～ 1998年对该区的药用两栖爬行类进行了系统分析 ,现将资料整理如下。1　 研究现状1933年Ｇ .ｓｅｙｓ和Ｅ .ｌｉｃｅｎｔ对历山野生动物进…     

九顶山区野生兰花资源分布及保护

通过对九顶山区野生兰花资源的种类、分布现状调查,发现九顶山区有野生兰花资源38属,87种,有些种类已经濒临绝灭。并针对九顶山区野生兰花资源保护管理现状,就如何制定九顶山区野生兰花资源保护管理规划提出决策建议。     

中国苏铁属植物资源和保护

苏铁类植物含2科10属, 是现存种子植物最原始的类群之一, 具有重要的科学研究和保护价值。苏铁属(Cycas)是唯一在中国有自然分布的苏铁类植物, 约20种, 多数种类为中国特有。中国的苏铁属植物主要分布于西南地区和东南沿海, 大部分种类为狭域分布的类群, 其生存繁衍受到了严重的威胁, 均被列为国家一级重点保护野生植物。基于文献资料收集整理和野外调查, 本文对中国苏铁属植物的研究和保护进行了阶段性总结。介绍了中国苏铁属植物分类研究、地理分布; 阐述了中国苏铁植物生存面临的主要威胁及相应的保护措施, 提出了保护方案的制定应遵循遗传学特征等科学依据。文中总结了我国苏铁植物保护科研工作中存在的5个主要问题: (1)苏铁植物基础科学问题有待进一步研究, (2)苏铁植物生境破坏较为严重, (3)人为盗采贩卖依然猖獗而苏铁植物园林园艺育种事业却举步不前, (4)苏铁自身生物学特性导致繁殖困难, (5)迁地保护难以保证苏铁种质“纯洁性”等, 同时针对这些问题提出相应建议, 以期为我国苏铁属植物的研究、保护以及可持续利用工作提供参考。     

Oxygen storage capacity and tolerance of submergence of a non-aquatic reptile and an aquatic reptile

The oxygen storage capacities and the tolerance to submergence of an aquatic snake, Natrix sipedon, and a non-aquatic snake, Crotalus viridis, were determined and compared. C. viridis was found to have a larger oxygen storage capacity, hemoglobin content and blood volume than N. Sipedon. The submergence time for C. viridis was 30.13 min which was less than the estimated time for submergence based on the oxygen storage capacity. N. sipedon exceeded its estimated dive time of 24.00 min and remained submerged for 65.57 min without signs of stress. During submergence, the heart rate of N. sipedon fell to 9% (5 beats/min) of the resting rate, while the heart rate of C. viridis fell to only 75% (27 beats/min) of the resting rate during this activity. These data indicate that N. sipedon responds to submergence via a typical diving reflex and extends its oxygen stores beyond that expected of a non-diver such as C. viridis.     

Eye structure and amphibious foraging in albatrosses

Anterior eye structure and retinal visual fields were determined in grey-headed and black-browed albatrosses, Diomedea melanophris and D. chrysostoma (Procellariiformes, Diomedeidae), using keratometry and an ophthalmoscopic reflex technique. Results for the two species were very similar and indicate that the eyes are of an amphibious optical design suggesting that albatross vision is well suited to the visual pursuit of active prey both on and below the ocean surface. The corneas are relatively flat (radius ca. 14.5 mm) and hence of low absolute refractive power (ca. 23 dioptres). In air the binocular fields are relatively long (vertical extent ca. 70 degrees) and narrow (maximum width in the plane of the optic axes 26–32 degrees), a topography found in a range of bird species that employ visual guidance of bill position when foraging. The cyclopean fields measure approximately 270 degrees in the horizontal plane, but there is a 60 degrees blind sector above the head owing to the positioning of the eyes below the protruding supraorbital ridges. Upon immersion the monocular fields decrease in width such that the binocular fields are abolished. Anterior eye structure, and visual field topography in both air and water, show marked similarity with those of the Humboldt penguin.     

Photon-harvesting efficiency and arbuscular mycorrhiza in amphibious plants

The amphibious plant species of intermittent aquatic habitats thrive both submerged and emerged. In order to outline the adaptive characters of these two life forms photochemical efficiency of photosystem 2, leaf contents of chlorophyll (Chl) a and b, carotenoids (Car), anthocyanins (Ant), and UV-B absorbing compounds (UV-B abs), and root aerenchyma and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonisation were studied in Glyceria fluitans, Gratiola officinalis, Ranunculus lingua, Teucrium scordium, Sium latifolium, Sparganium emersum, and Veronica anagallis-aquatica. Water level fluctuations did not exert a severe effect on photon harvesting efficiency. Submerged specimens had higher contents of Car and Ant whereas higher contents of UV-B abs were found in emerged specimens indicating efficient protection against the harmful effects of solar radiation. Roots of all species studied had extensive aerenchyma and were colonised by AM fungi, which were significantly more abundant in emerged specimens. This is the first report on AM symbiosis in S. latifolium and S. emersum.     

Puberty in a Mesozoic reptile

1. Download : Download high-res image (169KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

Comparative assessment of amphibious hearing in pinnipeds

Auditory sensitivity in pinnipeds is influenced by the need to balance efficient sound detection in two vastly different physical environments. Previous comparisons between aerial and underwater hearing capabilities have considered media-dependent differences relative to auditory anatomy, acoustic communication, ecology, and amphibious life history. New data for several species, including recently published audiograms and previously unreported measurements obtained in quiet conditions, necessitate a re-evaluation of amphibious hearing in pinnipeds. Several findings related to underwater hearing are consistent with earlier assessments, including an expanded frequency range of best hearing in true seals that spans at least six octaves. The most notable new results indicate markedly better aerial sensitivity in two seals (Phoca vitulina and Mirounga angustirostris) and one sea lion (Zalophus californianus), likely attributable to improved ambient noise control in test enclosures. An updated comparative analysis alters conventional views and demonstrates that these amphibious pinnipeds have not necessarily sacrificed aerial hearing capabilities in favor of enhanced underwater sound reception. Despite possessing underwater hearing that is nearly as sensitive as fully aquatic cetaceans and sirenians, many seals and sea lions have retained acute aerial hearing capabilities rivaling those of terrestrial carnivores.