Cohnella humi sp. nov., Isolated from Russian Soil

A Gram-positive, catalase and oxidase positive, rod-shaped bacteria, and spore-forming, designated as J20-3^T was isolated from a peat soil, collected near a coal mine at Prokopyevsk, (GPS; N53°52′51″, E86°43′39″) Kemerovo Oblast, Russia. A polyphasic taxonomy study using phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genotypic method was performed to characterize strain J20-3^T. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain J20-3^T represented a novel subline within the genus Cohnella in the family Paenibacillaceae. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence, strain J20-3^T showed 93.7–97.2 % similarity levels with other Cohnella species. Strain J20-3^T exhibited relatively low level of DNA–DNA hybridization value with type strains KACC 11643^T (40 %), KACC 11771^T (37.5 %), and KACC 15372^T (30.5 %). The strain showed typical chemotaxonomic characteristic of the genus Cohnella, with the presence of predominant respiratory quinone MK-7; major fatty acids are C_15:0, C_16:0, iso, and C_16:0. The DNA G+C content of the strain J20-3^T was 56.3 mol%. The polar lipid profile of the strain J20-3^T included major amount of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphoatidylethanolamine. On the basis of its phenotypic and genotypic properties, and its phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain J20-3^T should be classified as a novel species in the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella humi sp. nov. is proposed.     

Cohnella plantaginis sp. nov., a novel nitrogen-fixing species isolated from plantain rhizosphere soil

A novel bacterium capable of fixing nitrogen was isolated from plantain rhizosphere soil in China. The isolate, designated YN-83^T, is Gram-positive, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped (0.4–0.6 μm × 1.9–2.6 μm). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain YN-83^T was a member of the genus Cohnella. High similarity of 16S rRNA gene sequence was found between YN-83^T and Cohnella ginsengisoli DSM18997^T (97.99%), whereas the similarity was below 96.0% between YN-83^T and the other Cohnella species. DNA–DNA relatedness between strain YN-83^T and C. ginsengisoli DSM18997^T was 27.4 ± 6.2%. The DNA G+C content of strain YN-83^T was 59.3 mol%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C_15:0 (44.3%), iso-C_15:0 (11.3%), iso-C_16:0 (18.6%) and C_16:0 (7.7%). The polar lipids of strain YN-83^T consist of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, lyso- phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic properties, 16S rRNA gene sequence, G+C content and DNA–DNA hybridization, strain YN-83^T represents a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella plantaginis sp. nov. (type strain YN-83^T = DSM 25424^T = CGMCC 1.12047^T) is proposed.     

Cohnella boryungensis sp. nov., isolated from soil

A Gram-staining positive, endospore-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, BR-29^T, was isolated from soil from west coast of the Korean peninsula, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic study. Strain BR-29^T grew optimally at around pH 7.5, at 30°C and in the presence of 0.5% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain BR-29^T fell into a clade comprising the type strains of Cohnella species, with which it exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 92.8–96.4%. Strain BR-29^T contained a cell wall peptidoglycan based on meso-diaminopimelic acid and MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C_15:0, C_16:0 and iso-C_16:0. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysylphosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified phospholipids; a minor amount of phosphatidylglycerol was present. The DNA G+C content was 54.9 mol%. Strain BR-29^T could be differentiated from phylogenetically related Cohnella species by differences in phenotypic characteristics. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain BR-29^T represents a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella boryungensis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is BR-29^T (= KCTC 13735^T = CCUG 59598^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cohnella ferri</Emphasis> sp. nov. A Novel Member of the Genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cohnella</Emphasis> Isolated from Haematite Ore

The taxonomic position of a Gram-positive, endo-spore forming bacterium isolated from a haematite ore sample was analyzed by a polyphasic approach. The strain designated as HIO-4^T matched most of the phenotypic and chemical characteristics of the genus Cohnella and represents a novel species. The sequence of the almost complete 16S rRNA (1489 bases) was compared with those of previously studied Cohnella type strains and confirmed that the strain belongs to the genus Cohnella. Strain HIO-4^T differs from all other species of Cohnella by at least 3.9% at the 16S rRNA level and the moderately related species are Cohnella phaseoli (96.1%) and Cohnella yongneupensis (96.1%), respectively. Predominant polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE); few unknown phospholipids, mannose containing lipid, aminophospholipid and aminophosphoglycolipids. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the genotypic and phenotypic distinctiveness of strain HIO-4^T with its phylogenetic relatives and suggest that the strain HIO-4^T should be recognized as a novel species, for which the name Cohnella ferri sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HIO-4^T (=MTCC 8365^T = JCM 16139^T)     

Cohnella panacarvi sp. nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from ginseng cultivating soil

A Gram-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, nonmotile, endospore-forming bacterium, designated Gsoil 349T, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain Gsoil 349T belongs to the family Paenibacillaceae, and the sequence showed closest similarity with Cohnella thermotolerans DSM 17683T (94.1%) and Cohnella hongkongensis DSM 17642T (93.6%). The strain showed less than 91.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Paenibacillus species. In addition, the presence of MK-7 as the major menaquinone and anteiso-C(15:0), iso-C(16:0), and C(16:0) as major fatty acids suggested its affiliation to the genus Cohnella. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 53.4 mol%. On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain Gsoil 349T should be treated as a novel species within the genus Cohnella for which the name Cohnella panacarvi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Gsoil 349T (=KCTC 13060T = DSM 18696T).     

Paenibacillus cucumis sp. nov. isolated from greenhouse soil

Strain CO 4–7^T was isolated from greenhouse soil used for cultivation of cucumbers in Korea. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain CO 4–7^T showed the highest sequence similarity with Paenibacillus contaminans CKOBP-6^T (94.2%) among the type strains. Strain CO 4–7^T was a strictly aerobic, Gram-staining-positive, endospore-forming, and motile rodshaped bacterium. Strain CO 4–7^T grew at 10–45°C (optimum, 30°C), at pH 6.0–7.5 (optimum, pH 6.5) and in the presence of 0–5% NaCl (optimum, 0.5%). The DNA G+C content of strain CO 4–7^T was 48.5 mol%. It contained MK-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone and anteiso-C15:0 (51.8%), C16:0 (12.7%), and iso-C16:0 (8.6%) as the major fatty acids. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. Based on evidence from our polyphasic taxonomic study, it was concluded that strain CO 4-7T should be classified as a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which, the name Paenibacillus cucumis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CO 4–7^T (=KACC 17444^T=JCM 19515^T).     

Diaminobutyricibacter tongyongensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Homoserinibacter gongjuensis gen. nov., sp. nov. Belong to the Family Microbacteriaceae

Two bacterial strains, KIS66-7^T and 5GH26-15^T, were isolated from soil samples collected in the South Korean cities of Tongyong and Gongju, respectively. Both strains were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, mesophilic, flagellated, and rodshaped. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that both strains belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae of the phylum Actinobacteria. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KIS66-7^T had the highest similarities with those of Labedella gwakjiensis KSW2-17^T (97.3%), Cryobacterium psychrophilum DSM 4854T (97.2%), Leifsonia lichenia 2Sb^T (97.2%), Leifsonia naganoensis JCM 10592^T (97.0%), and Cryobacterium mesophilum MSL-15^T (97.0%). Strain 5GH26-15^T showed the highest sequence similarities with Leifsonia psychrotolerans LI1T (97.4%) and Schumannella luteola KHIAT (97.1%). The 16S rRNA gene sequence from KIS66-7^T exhibited 96.4% similarity with that from 5GH26-15^T. Strain KIS66-7^T contained a B2γ type peptidoglycan structure with D-DAB as the diamino acid; MK-13, MK-12, and MK-14 as the respiratory quinones; ai-C_15:0, ai-C_17:0, and i-C_16:0 as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phatidylglycerol, and glycolipids as the predominant polar lipids. Strain 5GH26-15T had a B2β type peptidoglycan structure with D-DAB as the diamino acid; MK-14 and MK-13 as the respiratory quinones; ai-C_15:0, i-C_16:0, and ai-C{vn17:0} as the major cellular fatty acids; and diphosphatidylglycerol, phatidylglycerol, and glycolipids as the predominant polar lipids. Both strains had low DNA-DNA hybridization values (<40%) with closely related taxa. Based on our polyphasic taxonomic characterization, we propose that strains KIS66-7^T and 5GH26-15^T represent novel genera and species, for which we propose the names Diaminobutyricibacter tongyongensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain KIS66-7^T=KACC 15515^T=NBRC 108724^T) and Homoserinibacter gongjuensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain 5GH26-15^T=KACC 15524^T=NBRC 108755^T) within the family Microbacteriaceae.     

<i>Portibacter lacus</i> gen. nov., sp.nov., a new member of the family <i>Saprospiraceae</i> isolated from a saline lake

A strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, orange-pigmented, rod-shaped, non-motile and chemoheterotrophic bacteria representing a new genus and species, designated YM8-076^T, was isolated from lake water collected at a harbor on Lake Notoro, Hokkaido, Japan. Preliminary analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the novel isolate could be affiliated with the family Saprospiraceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes and that it showed highest sequence similarity (88.5%) to Haliscomenobacter hydrossis ATCC 27775^T. The strain could be differentiated phenotypically from recognized members of the family Saprospiraceae. The G+C content of DNA was 53.7 mol%, MK-7 was the major menaquinone and iso-C15：0, iso-C15：1 and iso-C17：0 3-OH were the major cellular fatty acids. On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic studies, it was concluded that strain YM8-076^T represents a new genus and species of the family Saprospiraceae. We propose the name Portibacter lacus gen. nov., sp. nov. for this strain; its type strain is YM8-076^T (=KCTC 23747^T=NBRC 108769^T).     

Ornithinibacillus scapharcae sp. nov., isolated from a dead ark clam

A novel Gram-positive, aerobic, motile, hemolytic, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium TW25^T was isolated from a dead ark clam during a mass mortality event on the South coast of Korea. The strain grew optimally at 30°C, at pH 8–9, and with 1% (w/v) NaCl. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain TW25^T was associated with the genus Ornithinibacillus and that it was most closely related to the type strain of Ornithinibacillus californiensis (98.5% similarity). The dominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and C16:0. The peptidoglycan amino acid type was A4β, containing l-ornithine and d-aspartic acid. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, four unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified lipids. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The G + C content of genomic DNA was 36.7 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments with related strains revealed lower than 11 ± 3% relatedness. Based on this polyphasic taxonomic study, strain TW25^T represents a novel species in the genus Ornithinibacillus, for which the name Ornithinibacillus scapharcae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is TW25^T (=KACC 15116^T = JCM 17314^T).     

Spirosoma profusum sp. nov., and Spirosoma validum sp. nov., radiation-resistant bacteria isolated from soil in South Korea

Two novel Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterial strains BT702^T and BT704^T were isolated from soil collected in Jeongseon (37° 22′ 45″ N, 128° 39′ 53″ E), Gangwon province, South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains BT702^T and BT704^T belong to distinct lineage within the genus Spirosoma (family Cytophagaceae, order Cytophagales, class Cytophagia and phylum Bacteroidetes). The strain BT702^T was closely related to Spirosoma flavus 15J11-2^T (96.7% 16S rRNA gene similarity) and Spirosoma metallilatum TX0405^T (93.3%). The strain BT704^T was closely related to Spirosoma koreense 15J8-5^T (94.6%), Spirosoma endophyticum DSM 26130^T (93.8%) and Spirosoma humi S7-4-1^T (93.8%). The genome sizes of type strains BT702^T and BT704^T are 8,731,341 bp and 8,221,062 bp, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids of strains BT702^T and BT704^T were C_16:1 ω5c and summed feature 3 (C_16:1 ω6c/C_16:1 ω7c). The strains were found to have the same quinone system, with MK-7 as the major respiratory quinone. The major polar lipids of strain BT702^T was identified to be phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), aminophospholipid (APL) and aminolipid (AL), while that of strain BT704^T consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and aminophospholipid (APL). Based on the polyphasic analysis (phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and biochemical), strains BT702^T and BT704^T can be suggested as two new bacterial species within the genus Spirosoma and the proposed names are Spirosoma profusum and Spirosoma validum, respectively. The type strain of Spirosoma profusum is BT702^T (=?KACC 22028^T?=?NBRC 114859^T) and type strain of Spirosoma validum is BT704^T (=?KACC 22030^T?=?NBRC 114966^T).

     

Four new species of Chryseobacterium from the rhizosphere of coastal sand dune plants, Chryseobacterium elymi sp. nov., Chryseobacterium hagamense sp. nov., Chryseobacterium lathyri sp. nov. and Chryseobacterium rhizosphaerae sp. nov.

The taxonomic positions of five Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterial strains isolated from the rhizosphere of sand dune plants were examined using a polyphasic approach. The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that all of the isolates fell into four distinct phylogenetic clusters belonging to the genus Chryseobacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of isolates to mostly related type strains of Chryseobacterium ranged from 97.5% to 98.5%. All strains contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone, and iso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:0 3-OH and a summed feature of iso-C_15:0 2-OH and/or C_16:1 ω7c as the dominant fatty acids. Combined phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported that they represented four novel species in the genus Chryseobacterium, for which the names Chryseobacterium hagamense sp. nov. (type strain RHA2-9^T=KCTC 22545^T=NBRC 105253^T), Chryseobacterium elymi sp. nov. (type strain RHA3-1^T=KCTC 22547^T=NBRC 105251^T), Chryseobacterium lathyri sp. nov. (type strain RBA2-6^T=KCTC 22544^T=NBRC 105250^T), and Chryseobacterium rhizosphaerae sp. nov. (type strain RSB3-1^T=KCTC 22548^T=NBRC 105248^T) are proposed.     

Bacillus zhanjiangensis sp. nov., isolated from an oyster in South China Sea

A novel Gram-stain-positive, motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, endospore-forming, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain JSM 099021^T, was isolated from an oyster collected from Naozhou Island in the South China Sea. Growth occurred with 0?C15% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 2?C4%) and at pH 6.0?C10.0 (optimum pH 7.5) and at 10?C45°C (optimum 30?C35°C). meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The predominant respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and the major polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, iso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. The genomic DNA G + C content was 39.5 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 099021^T belongs to the genus Bacillus, and was most closely related to the type strains of Bacillus halmapalus (sequence similarity 99.0%), Bacillus horikoshii (98.4%) and Bacillus cohnii (98.0%). The combination of phylogenetic analysis, DNA?CDNA hybridization, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic data supported the proposal that strain JSM 099021^T represents a new species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus zhanjiangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain was JSM 099021^T (=DSM 23010^T = KCTC 13713^T).     

Arenimonas aquaticum sp. nov., a member of the gammaproteobacterium, isolated from a freshwater reservoir

A novel bacterial strain, designated NA-09^T, was isolated from a freshwater sample collected from the Cheonho reservoir, Republic of Korea. Colonies were creamy-white pigmented, translucent, and circular with convex shape. The isolate was Gram-staining negative, strictly aerobic, motile, and rod-shaped. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain NA-09^T belonged to the genus Arenimonas and showed the highest sequence similarities with Arenimonas malthae CC-JY-1^T (95.4%), A. oryziterrae YC6267^T (94.9%), A. composti P2-12-1^T (94.8%), and A. donghaensis H03-R19^T (94.1%). The major fatty acids were iso-C_16:0 (20.8%), iso-C_15:0 (16.9%), summed feature 1 (13.2%), and iso-C_16:1 ω7c alcohol (10.2%). The major isoprenoid quinone of the isolate was ubiquionone-8. On the basis of the data from the polyphasic characterization, the strain NA-09^T represents a novel species, for which the name Arenimonas aquaticum sp. nov. is proposed (type strain NA-09^T =KACC 14663^T =NBRC 106550^T).     

Tunicatimonas pelagia gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel representative of the family Flammeovirgaceae isolated from a sea anemone by the differential growth screening method

A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, reddish-pink pigmented, non-motile, rod-shaped strain designated N5DB8-4^T, was isolated from an orange-striped sea anemone Diadumene lineata by a differential growth screening method. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the novel isolate was affiliated with the family Flammeovirgaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes and that it showed highest sequence similarity (89.1%) to Porifericola rhodea N5EA6-3A2B^T. The strain could be differentiated phenotypically from recognized members of the family Flammeovirgaceae. The G+C content of the DNA is 52.6 mol%, the major respiratory quinone is menaquinone 7 (MK-7) and iso-C15:0, C16:1ω5c and iso-C15:1 G (the double-bond position indicated by capital letter is unknown) were the major fatty acids. From the distinct phylogenetic position and combination of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, the strain represents a novel taxon for which the name Tunicatimonas pelagia gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Tunicatimonas pelagia is N5DB8-4^T (=KCTC 23473^T = NBRC 107804^T).     

Spongiimonas flava gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from an unidentified marine sponge

A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, golden-yellow pigmented, non-motile, rod-shaped strain designated J36A-7^T was isolated from an unidentified yellow-green coloured marine sponge. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the novel isolate was affiliated with the family Flavobacteriaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes and that it showed highest sequence similarity (85.6 %) to Nonlabens dokdonensis DSW-6^T. The strain could be differentiated phenotypically from recognized members of the family Flavobacteriaceae. The major fatty acids of strain J36A-7^T were identified as iso-C16:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH and summed feature three as defined by the MIDI system (C16:1 ω7c and/or iso-C15:0 2-OH). The DNA G+C content was determined to be 31.2 mol%, the major respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone 6 (MK-6) and a complex polar lipid profile was present consisting of phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified glycolipids, one unidentified aminolipid and one unidentified lipid. From the distinct phylogenetic position and combination of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, the strain is considered to represent a novel genus for which the name Spongiimonas flava gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of S. flava is J36A-7^T (=KCTC 32176^T = NBRC 109319^T).     

Lunatimonas lonarensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a haloalkaline bacterium of the family Cyclobacteriaceae with nitrate reducing activity

Novel pinkish-orange pigmented, Gram-negative staining, half-moon shaped, non-motile, strictly aerobic strains designated AK24^T and AK26 were isolated from water and sediment samples of Lonar Lake, Buldhana district, Maharahstra, India. Both strains were positive for oxidase, catalase and β-galactosidase activities. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15:0 (41.5%), anteiso-C15:0 (9.7%), iso-C17:0 3OH (9.6%), iso-C17:1 ω9c (10.2%) and C16:1 ω7c/C16:1 ω6c/iso-C15:0 2OH (summed feature 3) (14.4%). The strains contained MK-7 as the major respiratory quinone, and phosphatidylethanolamine and five unidentified lipids as the polar lipids. Blast analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain AK24^T showed that it was closely related to Aquiflexum balticum, with a pair-wise sequence similarity of 91.6%, as well as to Fontibacter ferrireducens, Belliella baltica and Indibacter alkaliphilus (91.3, 91.2 and 91.2% pair-wise sequence similarity, respectively), but it only had between 88.6 and 91.0% pair-wise sequence similarity to the rest of the family members. The MALDI-TOF assay reported no significant similarities for AK24^T and AK26, since they potentially represented a new species. A MALDI MSP dendrogram showed close similarity between the two strains, but they maintained a distance from their phylogenetic neighbors. The genome of AK24^T showed the presence of heavy metal tolerance genes, including the genes providing resistance to arsenic, cadmium, cobalt and zinc. A cluster of heat shock resistance genes was also found in the genome. Two lantibiotic producing genes, LanR and LasB, were also found in the genome of AK24^T. Strains AK24^T and AK26 were very closely related to each other with 99.5% pair-wise sequence similarity. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the strains were members of the family Cyclobacteriaceae and they clustered with the genus Mariniradius, as well as with the genera Aquiflexum, Cecembia, Fontibacter, Indibacter, and Shivajiella. DNA–DNA hybridization between strains AK24^T and AK26 showed a relatedness of 82% and their rep-PCR banding patterns were very similar. Based on data from the current polyphasic study, it is proposed that the isolates be placed in a new genus and species with the name Lunatimonas lonarensis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Lunatimonas lonarensis is AK24^T (=JCM 18822^T = MTCC 11627^T).     

Streptomyces erringtonii sp. nov. and Streptomyces kaempferi sp. nov., isolated from a hay meadow soil

Two filamentous actinomycetes isolated from a hay meadow soil were provisionally assigned to the genus Streptomyces based on morphological features. The isolates were found to have chemical and morphological properties typical of the genus Streptomyces and formed distinct phyletic lines in the 16S rRNA gene tree. Isolate I36^T was most closely related to Streptomyces glauciniger NBRC 100913^T and isolate I37^T to Streptomyces mirabilis NBRC 13450^T. Low DNA:DNA relatedness values were recorded between each of the isolates and their closest phylogenetic neighbour. The isolates were also distinguished from their nearest phylogenetic neighbour, and from one another, using a combination of phenotypic properties. These data indicate that the isolates should be recognised as new species in the genus Streptomyces. The names proposed for these new taxa are Streptomyces erringtonii sp. nov. and Streptomyces kaempferi sp. nov. with isolate I36^T (=CGMCC 4.7016^T = KACC 15424^T) and isolate I37^T (=CGMCC 4.7020^T = KACC 15428^T) as the respective type strains.     

Citreitalea marina gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from a marine red alga and emended description of the genus Gangjinia

A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, pale-yellow pigmented, rod-shaped bacterium designated A4O-5^T was isolated from a red coloured marine alga (Chondrus ocellatus Holmes). Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the new strain was affiliated with the family Flavobacteriaceae and shared approximately 90 % sequence similarity with Leptobacterium flavescens YM3-0301^T and Gangjinia marincola GJ16^T. The strain could be differentiated phenotypically from the related members of the family Flavobacteriaceae. The major fatty acids of strain A4O-5^T were identified as iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c). A complex polar lipid profile was present consisting of phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid, three unidentified amino lipids and an unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content of the strain was determined to be 41.9 mol% and the major respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone 6 (MK-6). From the distinct phylogenetic position and combination of genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, the strain is considered to represent a novel genus in the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Citreitalea marina gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of C. marina is A4O-5^T (=KCTC 32483^T=NBRC 109918^T).     

Homoserinimonas aerilata gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Microbacteriaceae isolated from an air sample in Korea

A bacterial strain isolated from an air sample, strain 5317J-19(T), was characterized. The isolate was an aerobic, motile, Gram-positive rod. The organism was able to grow between 4 and 35°C and between pH 6 and 9. The predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C(15:0) and iso-C(16:0). The major respiratory menaquinones were MK-12 and MK-11, and the minor ones were MK13, MK-10, and MK-9. Genomic DNA G+C content was 66 mol%. The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan is presumably D-Orn. The peptidoglycan is supposed to be B2β type. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that this isolate belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and had the highest sequence similarities with Salinibacterium xinjiangense 0543(T) (97.6%), Salinibacterium amurskyense KMM 3673(T) (97.2%), and Leifsonia bigeumensis MSL-27(T) (97.2%). Phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics support the proposal of a new genus and a novel species, with the name Homoserinimonas aerilata gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Homoserinimonas aerilata is 5317J-19(T) (=KACC 15522(T) =NBRC 108729(T)).     

Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi sp. nov., isolated from Chungkukjang, Korean fermented soybean food

One bacterial strain 2RL3-2^T was isolated from Chungkukjang, a traditional Korean fermented food made from soybeans, and determined to be a Gram-positive, aerobic, spore-forming rod. Growth of the novel strain was optimal at 30°C and pH 7.0. The 16S rRNA gene of strain 2RL3-2^T showed the highest level of sequence similarity to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1^T (99.0%), Lysinibacillus massiliensis 4400831^T (97.1%), Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9^T (97.0%), and Lysinibacillus odysseyi 34hs-1^T (96.8%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain 2RL3-2^T formed a robust cluster with L. sinduriensis BLB-1^T, L. massiliensis 4400831^T, and L. odyssey 34hs-1^T. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (47.3%), iso-C_16:0 (16.3%), and anteiso-C_17:0 (11.3%), and the only menaquinone was MK-7. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine were the major polar lipids, along with an unknown phospholipid and two unknown lipids. The peptidoglycan type was A4α, with an interpeptide bridge of l-Lys-d-Asp. DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 2RL3-2^T and closely related Lysinibacillus species were below 43±4%. Therefore, based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic characteristics, it was determined that strain 2RL3-2^T represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2RL3-2^T (=KACC 16626^T =NBRC 108948^T).