共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 11 毫秒
1.
Karin Sonntag Brigitte Ruge-Wehling Peter Wehling 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2009,96(3):297-305
A method for isolation and shoot regeneration from electrofused protoplasts of L. angustifolius and L. subcarnosus was developed. Viable protoplasts were isolated from leaves of in-vitro grown seedlings at an average yield of 6 × 105 protoplasts g−1 fresh weight. Liquid and agarose solidified B5 media were used for protoplast culture. In the liquid-culture system, all
tested media, VKM, P1 and KM8p, were applicable for inducing cell division (84% of all tested petri dishes at four weeks)
and colony formation. Media containing additional carbohydrates were suitable to produce compact calli with green and brown
pigmentations in different combinations. Analysis of callus with molecular markers allowed to identify six somatic hybrids.
However, none of the parental-protoplast derived cell colonies could develop shoots. This is the first report on protoplast
fusion of L. angustifolius and L. subcarnosus with subsequent shoot regeneration. 相似文献
2.
Chokri Hafsi María C. Romero-Puertas Luis A. del Río Chedly Abdelly Luisa M. Sandalio 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2011,33(1):193-202
The objective of the present study was to determine the influence of potassium deprivation on the halophyte species Hordeum maritimum grown in hydroponics for 2 weeks. Treatments were with potassium (+K) or without potassium (−K). Growth, water status, mineral
nutrition, parameters of oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl groups (C=O), and hydrogen peroxide concentration
(H2O2) contents], antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), guaiacol
peroxidase (GPX, EC 1.11.1.7), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), monodehydroascorbate peroxidase (MDHAR, EC 1.6.5.4),
dehydroascorbate peroxidase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1), and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2)], and antioxidant molecules [ascorbate
(ASC), and glutathione (GSH)] were determined. Results showed that the growth of vegetative organs decreased owing to potassium
deficiency with roots (−36%) more affected than shoots (−12%). Water status was only diminished in roots (reduction of 24%).
Potassium deprivation decreased potassium concentration in both organs, this decrease was more pronounced in roots (−81%)
than in shoots (−55%). In contrast to carbonyl groups, MDA content increased owing to potassium deprivation. Except for CAT
activity that remained unaffected; SOD, GPX, APX, GR, MDHAR, and DHAR activities were significantly increased. H2O2 concentration was negatively correlated with the activities of enzymes and the accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants
implicated in its detoxification. In conclusion, a cooperative process between the antioxidant systems is important for the
tolerance of H. maritimum to potassium deficiency. 相似文献
3.
4.
Shahriar Saiedian Ezzatollah Keyhani Jacqueline Keyhani 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2007,29(5):463-471
Crocus sativus L., cultivated since ancient times as the source of saffron, is a triploid plant that can be propagated only via its corms
which undergo a period of dormancy. Understanding the processes taking place in the corm is essential to preserve the plant
and improve its quality. Color and taste being of prime importance in the quality of the saffron spice, knowledge on polyphenol
oxidase (PPO) activity in the plant is of particular interest given the role of the enzyme in fruit and vegetable browning
during processing and during the storage of processed food. In this paper, PPO activity was investigated for the first time
in extracts obtained from dormant C. sativus L. corms. PPO activity was detectable using l-DOPA, pyrogallol, catechol or p-cresol as substrate, each being oxidized to its corresponding o-quinone; no activity was detectable with l-tyrosine, tyramine or phenol as substrate. Two pH optima, respectively at 4.5 and 6.7, were observed with all substrates
and a third one, at 8.5, was found with l-DOPA and p-cresol. Kinetics parameters studied at pH 6.7 indicated the highest catalytic efficiency (in units mg−1 prot mM−1) with pyrogallol: 150, then catechol: 39, l-DOPA: 6.4 and p-cresol: 4.6. The enzymatic activity was inhibited by 50% in the presence of 0.22, 0.35, 0.5 and 0.7 mM kojic acid with, respectively,
catechol, pyrogallol, p-cresol and l-DOPA as substrate. When stained for PPO activity, non-denaturing gel electropherograms of extract revealed three distinct
bands, indicating the presence of multiple isoenzymes in dormant C. sativus L. corms. 相似文献
5.
Nguyen Hoang Loc Nguyen Van Song Nguyen Quang Duc Tien Tang Thuy Minh Phan Thi Quynh Nga Tae-Geum Kim Moon-Sik Yang 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,105(1):39-45
A gene encoding the B subunit of the enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB) was adapted to the optimized plant coding sequence, and fused to the endoplasmic reticulum
retention signal SEKDEL in order to enhance its expression level and protein assembly in plants. The synthetic LTB (sLTB)
gene was placed into a plant expression vector under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter, and subsequently introduced into
the watercress (Nasturtium officinale L.) plant by the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method. The integration of the sLTB gene into the genomic DNA of transgenic plants was confirmed
by genomic DNA PCR amplification. The assembly of plant-produced LTB protein was detected by western blot analysis. The highest
amount of LTB protein produced in transgenic watercress leaf tissue was approximately 1.3% of the total soluble plant protein.
GM1-ganglioside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that plant-synthesized LTB protein bound specifically to GM1-ganglioside, which is the receptor for biologically active LTB on the cell surface, suggesting that the plant-synthesized
LTB subunits formed biologically active pentamers. 相似文献
6.
Here we evaluate the origins and relationships of Mexican and Central American Diplazium hybrids derived from crosses involving either D. plantaginifolium or D. ternatum. Based on study of live plants and herbarium specimens, we distinguish D. ×verapax from the similar D. riedelianum and present evidence that the former is a sterile hybrid derived from a cross between D. plantaginifolium and D. werckleanum. We also describe new hybrids, D. ×torresianum and D. ×subternatum from Mexico and northern Central America. Both involve D. ternatum as one parent. Diplazium. cristatum is the other putative parent of D. ×torresianum, and D. plantaginifolium is the second parent of D. ×subternatum. We also designate lectotypes for D. cordovense and D. dissimile. 相似文献
7.
Martina Beranová Slavomír Rakouský Zuzana Vávrová Tomáš Skalický 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2008,94(3):253-259
A sonication-assisted, Agrobacterium-mediated, co-cultivation technique was used in an attempt to increase the transformation efficiency of flax. Hypocotyls and
cotyledons excised from about 10-day-old flax seedlings grown in vitro were placed into a 10 mM MgSO4 solution, and inoculated with an A. tumefaciens vector bearing the mgfp5-ER gene driven by the CaMV 35S promoter. The explants were subjected to pulses of ultrasound delivered by a sonicator apparatus
(35 kHz) for 0–150 s and co-cultivated for 2 h at 27°C. The dried hypocotyls and cotyledons were grown on a selective MS medium
to promote shoot regeneration. An electron microscopic study showed that the sonication treatment resulted in thousands of
microwounds on and below the surface of the explants. A stereo microscope Leica MZ 12 equipped with a GFP adaptor was used
to assess the infection and transformation of plant tissues in real time. After only 48 h and for at least 30 days after bacteria
elimination, signs of transgene expression could be seen as a bright fluorescence. Our results show that treatment with ultrasound
facilitates an enhanced uptake of plasmid DNA into the cells of flax hypocotyls and cotyledons and that its efficiency depends
on the duration of the treatment and the frequency used. SAAT could be a promising tool for enhancing transformation efficiency
in flax. 相似文献
8.
Vornanen M Haverinen J 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》2011,181(7):917-926
Seasonal changes in the activity of glycogen phosphorylase (GP), a rate-limiting enzyme of glycogen degradation, were examined
in an anoxia-tolerant fish species, the crucian carp (Carassius carassius L.). In muscle and brain, the activity of GP remained constant throughout the year when tested at 25°C. In contrast, the
activities of liver and heart GP displayed striking increases in summer. When seasonal temperature changes are taken into
account, the activity of GP during the anoxic mid-winter is only 4–6% of its summer time activity in the muscle, heart and
liver, and 13% in brain. In winter-acclimatized fish, experimental anoxia (1–6 weeks) caused sustained depression of the GP
activity in heart and gills. In liver and muscle, a transient depression of GP activity occurred during the first week of
anoxia but later GP activity recovered back to the normoxic level. GP of the brain was completely resistant to anoxia. In
all studied tissues, the constitutive activity of GP is more than sufficient to degrade glycogen deposits during winter anoxia
without anoxia-induced activation of GP. The seemingly paradoxical summer-time increase in the activity of liver and heart
GP could be related to active life-style of the summer-acclimatized fish (growth, reproduction), the increased demand of energy
and molecular precursors of anabolic metabolism being satisfied by preferential degradation of glycogen. The high glycogen
content of winter-acclimatized crucian carp is not associated with the elevated GP activity or anoxic activation of GP. 相似文献
9.
Escherichia coliL-asparaginase, an antileukaemic agent in man1, inhibits in vitro mitogen or antigen-induced blastogenesis in man2,3 and in animals (M. Bennett, E. G. Mayhew and T. Han, unpublished data) and suppresses bone-marrow derived antibody precursor cells in the mouse4. We now report that another L-asparaginase preparation—from Erwinia carotovora—also possesses antileukaemic activity5,6 and has a more pronounced immunosuppressive effect on in vitro blastogenesis than the E. coli enzyme. 相似文献
10.
Two repeated DNA sequences isolated from a partial genomic DNA library of Helianthus annuus, p HaS13 and p HaS211, were shown to represent portions of the int gene of a Ty3 /gypsy retroelement and of the RNase-Hgene of a Ty1 /copia retroelement, respectively. Southern blotting patterns obtained by hybridizing the two probes to BglII- or DraI-digested genomic DNA from different Helianthus species showed p HaS13 and p HaS211 were parts of dispersed repeats at least 8 and 7 kb in length, respectively, that were conserved in all species studied. Comparable hybridization patterns were obtained in all species with p HaS13. By contrast, the patterns obtained by hybridizing p HaS211 clearly differentiated annual species from perennials. The frequencies of p HaS13- and p HaS211-related sequences in different species were 4.3x10(4)-1.3x10(5) copies and 9.9x10(2)-8.1x10(3) copies per picogram of DNA, respectively. The frequency of p HaS13-related sequences varied widely within annual species, while no significant difference was observed among perennial species. Conversely, the frequency variation of p HaS211-related sequences was as large within annual species as within perennials. Sequences of both families were found to be dispersed along the length of all chromosomes in all species studied. However, Ty3 /gypsy-like sequences were localized preferentially at the centromeric regions, whereas Ty1/ copia-like sequences were less represented or absent around the centromeres and plentiful at the chromosome ends. These findings suggest that the two sequence families played a role in Helianthusgenome evolution and species divergence, evolved independently in the same genomic backgrounds and in annual or perennial species, and acquired different possible functions in the host genomes. 相似文献
11.
Rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum L.) is a tetraploid (2n = 44) vegetable crop growing in Europe and North America. The results observed 44 chromosomes for both cultivars Timperly Early and PC49, but showing significant differences in DNA contents between them. Abnormal chromosome numbers (2n = 22 and 32) and chromosomal fragments were observed only in micropropagated plants of rhubarb PC49, suggesting somaclonal variation. The results provide further information on understanding morphological variation and increased disease susceptibility of micropropagated rhubarb PC49 in our previous investigation. 相似文献
12.
Jianchun Lv Qiushi Fu Yan Lai Mengdi Zhou Huaisong Wang 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2018,38(8):105
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is one of the most popular and highly nutritious vegetable species within Cucurbitaceae. Because appearance is used as an important indicator of quality, the spotted to non-spotted trait associated with this product somewhat influences the buying habits of consumers. We tested a six-generation family to determine the inheritance and genetic basis of this trait. Genetic groups F1, F2, BC1P1, and BC1P2 were from a cross between “IM16559” (non-spotted) and “IM16553” (spotted). Our genetic analysis showed that the spotted to non-spotted trait was controlled by a single dominant gene that we named CmSp-1. Whole-genome resequencing-bulked segregant analysis (WG-BSA) demonstrated that this gene was located on the end of chromosome 2, in the intersections of 22,160,000 to 22,180,000 bp and 22,260,000 to 26,180,000 bp, an interval distance of 3.94 Mb. Insertion-deletion (InDel) markers designed based on WG-BSA data were used to map this gene. Using 13 InDel markers, we produced a genetic map indicating that CmSp-1 was tightly linked to markers I734-2 and I757, with genetic distances of 1.8 and 0.4 cM and an interval distance of 280.872 kb. The closest marker was I757. Testing of 107 different melon genotypes presented an accuracy of 84.11% in predicting the phenotype. By being able to locate CmSp-1 in melon, we can now use the findings to identify potential targets for further marker-assisted breeding and cloning projects. 相似文献
13.
Lai-Sheng Meng Jiang-Ping Song Shao-Bo Sun Chong-Ying Wang 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2009,31(6):1155-1164
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is one of the most important ornamental plants in the world. Though morphological modification of carnation is very important
to its commercial value, there have been no relevant reports until now. PttKN1 (Populus tremula × Tremuoides knotted1), isolated from the vascular cambial region of hybrid aspen, is a novel member of KNOX gene family. In this paper, we transformed 35S:PttKN1 to carnation via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. All primary transformants subsequently obtained were placed into phenotypic categories and self-pollinated. A total of 32
T0 progeny with aberrant phenotypes were obtained. PCR assay proved the validity of these transgenic plants. Phenotypes of
32 35S:PttKN1 plants were distinct from those of wild-type plants, including: (1) modification of phyllotaxis (15/32): wild-type carnation
was with typical opposite phyllotaxis, while transgenic plants displayed tricussate whorled and multiple-cussate whorled phyllotaxis.
Irregular modification of phyllotaxis was also observed; (2) modification of stem (9/32): wild-type stems were round; however,
some transgenic plants exhibited much thicker and flatter stem; (3) the whole transgenic plants of carnation (8/32) became
dwarf. These morphological modifications of carnation indicate that we have successfully attained some novel lines of carnation.
These lines can have potential practical applications. In conclusion, the selection of stably genetic lines is discussed. 相似文献
14.
Hybridization between alien and native species is biologically very important and could lead to genetic erosion of native taxa. Solidago × niederederi was discovered over a century ago in Austria and described by Khek as a natural hybrid between the alien (nowadays regarded also as invasive) S. canadensis and native S. virgaurea. Although interspecific hybridization in the genus Solidago is considered to be relatively common, hybrid nature of S. × niederederi has not been independently proven using molecular tools, to date. Because proper identification of the parentage for the hybrid Solidago individuals solely based on morphological features can be misleading, in this paper we report an additive polymorphism pattern expressed in the ITS sequences obtained from individuals representing S. × niederederi, and confirm the previous hypothesis that the parental species of this hybrid are S. canadensis and S. virgaurea. Additionally, based on variability at the cpDNA rpl32-trnL locus, we showed that in natural populations hybridization occurs in both directions. 相似文献
15.
Quorum sensing is the ability of bacteria to communicate and coordinate behavior emitting signaling molecules. A series of primers for PCR detection of Serratia spp. has been designed using as targets the pfs and luxS genes involved in AI-2-dependent quorum sensing. The identities of the PCR products (193 and 102 bp) were confirmed by commercial sequencing. Twenty-seven Serratia strains (representing 10 different species) tested positive for the presence of the pfs and luxS genes, while a total of 7 different species of non-Serratia (25 strains) were tested and gave negative results. The sensitivity and specificity of the pfs- and luxS-based PCR assay were also checked in artificially contaminated bacterial samples. In this study we established a novel method to detect Serratia using quorum-sensing genes as diagnostic markers. 相似文献
16.
Alicja Szatanik-Kloc Patrycja Warchulska Grzegorz Józefaciuk 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2009,31(1):59-64
The plants of winter rye variety Rostockie grown in nutrient solution prepared according to Marschner and Romheld (1983) were stressed at shooting stage with different zinc (ZnCl2) concentrations of 0, 20, 200 and 400 mgXdm−3 during 10 days at pH = 4.5. The control plants were grown continuously at pH = 7, without Zn2+. The roots of all plants were titrated with 0.1 molXdm−3 NaOH in 1 molXdm−3 NaCl solution with a rate 0.01 ml/min using auto-titrator Titrino 702 (Metrohm). The amount of the base consumed between
pH 3 and 10 was recorded with a step of 0.1 pH unit. From the titration data root surface charge was characterized. Roots
grown at pH = 4.5 without Zn2+ addition, had apparently the same charge properties as the control roots. Under 200 and 400 mgXdm−3 of zinc addition, variable charge, Q, and the cation exchange capacity, CEC, of the roots significantly decreased as did the fractions of surface acidic functional
groups of strong and medium acidity i.e. the groups having apparent surface dissociation constants, Kapp, between 10−3.5 and 10−5.5. For 20 mgXdm−3 zinc stress the fraction of weaker surface groups (surface dissociation constants around 10−6.5) decreased also. The surface charge density, SCD, of roots decreased under the Zn stress. 相似文献
17.
Noel H. Holmgren 《Brittonia》2018,70(1):115-139
A revision of Penstemon sect. Saccanthera subsect. Serrulati includes a new species (P. salmonensis), a new variety (P. triphyllus var. infernalis), and the elevation of a subspecies to species (P. curtiflorus), bringing the total number of species to eight, which are keyed and described, complete with nomenclature and type citations. 相似文献
18.
A genetic transformation system has been developed for callus cells of Crataegus
aronia using Agrobacterium
tumefaciens. Callus culture was established from internodal stem segments incubated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with
5 mg l−1 Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 0.5 mg l−1 6-benzyladenine (BA). In order to optimize the callus culture system with respect to callus growth and coloration, different
types and concentrations of plant growth regulators were tested. Results indicated that the best average fresh weight of red
colored callus was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1.5 mg l−1 kinetin (Kin) (callus maintenance medium). Callus cells were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium harboring the binary plasmid pCAMBIA1302 carrying the mgfp5 and hygromycin phosphotransferase (hptII) genes conferring green fluorescent protein (GFP) activity and hygromycin resistance, respectively. Putative transgenic calli
were obtained 4 weeks after incubation of the co-cultivated explants onto maintenance medium supplemented with 50 mg l−1 hygromycin. Molecular analysis confirmed the integration of the transgenes in transformed callus. To our knowledge, this
is the first time to report an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system in Crataegus
aronia. 相似文献
19.
Tropilaelaps
mercedesae is a serious ectoparasite of Apis
mellifera in China. The aim of this study was to investigate the infestation rates and intensity of T. mercedesae in A. mellifera in China, and to explore the relative importance of climate, district, management practices and beekeeper characteristics
that are assumed to be associated with the intensity of T. mercedesae. Of the 410 participating apiaries, 379 apiaries were included in analyses of seasonal infestation rates and 352 apiaries
were included in multivariable regression analysis. The highest infestation rate (86.3%) of T. mercedesae was encountered in autumn, followed by summer (66.5%), spring (17.2%) and winter (14.8%). In autumn, 28.9% (93) of the infested
apiaries were in the north (including the northeast and northwest of China), 71.1% (229) were in the central and south (including
east, southeast and southwest China), and 306 apiaries (82.9%) were co-infested by both T. mercedesae and Varroa. Multivariable regression analysis showed that geographical location, season, royal jelly collection and Varroa infestation were the factors that influence the intensity of T. mercedesae. The influence of beekeeper’s education, time of beekeeping, operation size, and hive migration on the intensity of T. mercedesa was not statistically significant. This study provided information about the establishment of the linkage of the environment
and the parasite and could lead to better timing and methods of control. 相似文献
20.
MA Nakisah MY Ida Muryany H Fatimah R Nor Fadilah MR Zalilawati S Khamsah M Habsah 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2012,28(3):1237-1244
Crude methanol extracts of a marine sponge, Aaptos
aaptos, collected from three different localities namely Kapas, Perhentian and Redang Islands, Terengganu, Malaysia, were tested
in vitro on a pathogenic Acanthamoeba castellanii (IMR isolate) to examine their anti-amoebic potential. The examination of anti-Acanthamoebic activity of the extracts was
conducted in 24 well plates for 72 h at 30 °C. All extracts possessed anti-amoebic activity with their IC50 values ranging from 0.615 to 0.876 mg/mL. The effect of the methanol extracts on the surface morphology of A. castellanii was analysed under scanning electron microscopy. The ability of the extracts to disrupt the amoeba cell membrane was indicated
by extensive cell’s blebbing, changes in the surface morphology, reduced in cell size and with cystic appearance of extract-treated
Acanthamoeba. Number of acanthapodia and food cup was also reduced in this Acanthamoeba. Morphological criteria of apoptosis in Acanthamoeba following treatment with the sponge’s extracts was determined by acridine orange-propidium iodide staining and observed by
fluorescence microscopy. By this technique, apoptotic and necrotic cells can be visualized and quantified. The genotoxic potential
of the methanol extracts was performed by the alkaline comet assay. All methanol extracts used were significantly induced
DNA damage compared to untreated Acanthamoeba by having high percentage of scores 1, 2, and 3 of the DNA damage. Results from cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies carried
out in the present study suggest that all methanol extracts of A. aaptos have anti-amoebic properties against A. castellanii. 相似文献