中国海南内生拟盘多毛孢

2004 至 2005 年期间,从我国海南地区 95 种植物中分离鉴定了 43 种内生拟盘多毛孢,包括 5 个新组合,16 个内生拟盘多毛孢新记录种。5 个原归在盘多毛孢属 Pestalotia 的种重组到拟盘多毛孢属Pestalotiopsis 中,它们是二色拟盘多毛孢 P. bicolor,金鸡纳树拟盘多毛孢 P. cinchonae,密花拟盘多毛孢P. lambertiae,草原拟盘多毛孢 P. pampeana 和露兜树拟盘多毛孢 P. pandani。对 5 个新组合进行了重新描述和图解,其它 16 个内生拟盘多毛孢新记录种列出名录。     

大熊猫体表一株海南拟盘多毛孢菌株

中国保护大熊猫研究中心雅安碧峰峡基地的一只大熊猫患皮肤病,从皮屑中分离到一株拟盘多毛孢菌GYMXP201108。进行了形态学观察和ITS序列分析,并构建系统进化树。结果表明,该菌株顶端附属丝短,1–3根,多数不具柄,与海南拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis hainanensis模式菌株形态一致,ITS区序列分析也表明与海南拟盘多毛孢的序列相似性最高,为99.6%,因此鉴定为海南拟盘多毛孢,GenBank ID为KF551573。首次报道了海南拟盘多毛孢能在动物体表生存。     

蓝莓拟盘多毛孢枝枯病的病原菌

近期在山东省蓝莓种植区发现1种枝枯病害。为明确该致病菌,通过病原菌组织分离和接种试验获得2个致病菌株。通过形态学观察和rDNA‐ITS序列分析,确定该病原菌为棒状拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis clavispora。这是棒状拟盘多毛孢所致蓝莓枝枯病在国内的首次报道。     

中国南方内生拟盘多毛孢

采集并鉴定了我国南方8科17种植物的内生拟盘多毛孢23种,其中4个过去归在盘多毛孢属的种重组到拟盘多毛孢属中,它们是布氏拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis briosiana,、芍药生拟盘多毛孢P.paeoniicola、亚角质拟盘多毛孢P.subcuticularis和窒息拟盘多毛孢P.suffocata,并对这4个新组合进行了重新描述和图解,其它19种列出名录。     

植物内生拟盘多毛孢的生物多样性

内生拟盘多毛孢是植物 (尤其是木本植物 )内生真菌的重要类群。分离自红豆杉的内生小孢拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsismicrospora)能产生抗癌的代谢产物紫杉醇 ,因而引起了人们对内生拟盘多毛孢研究的兴趣。拟盘多毛孢内生于植物的根、茎、叶及繁殖体中 ,已鉴定的内生拟盘多毛孢有 2 3种。在已调查的植物中 ,内生拟盘多毛孢的定殖率有很大差异 ,在红树 (Rhizophoraapiculata)、椰子 (Cocosnucifer)、西藏红豆杉 (Taxuswallichiana)、茶梅 (Camelliasasanqua)、Fragraeabodenii和Cordemoyaintegrifolia等木本植物中 ,拟盘多毛孢是内生真菌的优势类群。一种拟盘多毛孢可内生于多种植物体内 ,一种植物也可有多种拟盘多毛孢内生 ,其分布与植物所处的生态环境和地域有关。在一定的宿主植物生理条件或外界环境条件下 ,某些内生拟盘多毛孢可转变为寄生或腐生。对植物内生拟盘多毛孢代谢产物的研究表明 ,拟盘多毛孢可产生多种次生代谢产物 ,包括抗癌物质 (紫杉醇和粗榧酸 )和抗菌物质 (环己烷类物质、粗榧酸和 pestaloside)。植物内生拟盘多毛孢的资源调查和开发应用具有广阔的前景。     

石楠锈孢锈菌重寄生拟盘多毛孢的分离鉴定及抑菌活性

重寄生拟盘多毛孢因其特殊生境,可产生区别于内生或病原拟盘多毛孢的次生代谢产物,是有待开发的真菌资源。为了获得活性较好的石楠锈孢锈菌重寄生菌,采用组织分离法,从患有锈病的球花石楠叶片上分离纯化出3株疑似拟盘多毛孢真菌,它们形态特征差异明显,通过回接实验证实其均为石楠锈孢锈菌的重寄生菌。对3菌株在不同培养基上的培养性状和显微特征作了描述,并对ITS序列进行了扩增和序列分析。形态学和分子鉴定结果证实这3株真菌均为拟盘多毛孢属真菌。抑菌实验结果表明,3株重寄生菌除了对石楠锈孢锈菌的锈孢子有破坏作用外,对其他10种常见植物病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。     

拟盘多毛孢属真菌的新种*

报导拟盘多毛孢属真菌的8个新种。这8个新种是:近似状拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis affinis、山姜拟盘多毛孢P. alpiniae、见血封喉拟盘多毛孢P. antiaris、五桠果拟盘多毛孢P. dilleniae、广西拟盘多毛孢P. kuwangsiensis、莲拟盘多毛孢P. nelumbinis、木荷拟盘多毛孢P. schimae、和神秘果拟盘多毛孢P. synsepali。新种的模式标本保存在广西大学植保系标本室。     

广西柳树桑寄生内生真菌的分离鉴定与抗肿瘤活性菌株筛选

该研究从广西钦州市采集健康的柳树桑寄生的根、茎和叶中分离并纯化内生真菌,对真菌进行形态学鉴定,提取内生真菌的DNA,采用真菌ITS序列对内生真菌进行分子鉴定。利用A549和H460细胞作为抗肿瘤活性指示细胞,采用MTT法测定真菌乙酸乙酯提取物的抗肿瘤活性。经过初步分离分析,从柳树桑寄生中纯化出27株内生真菌,经鉴定它们分别属于7个目9个属15个种。拟盘多毛孢属和间座壳属为优势属,其中拟盘多毛孢属全部定植于寄生根;其次为新壳梭孢属、拟茎点霉属和球座菌属,各分离到3株;其他包括青霉属、镰刀菌属、炭疽菌属和派伦霉属,各分离到1株。抗肿瘤活性研究表明,有一株与Pestalotiopsis protearum的ITS序列相似性达100%的拟盘多毛孢属菌株Gen24表现有抑制肿瘤细胞A549和H460生长的特性,在真菌乙酸乙酯浸提物浓度为800μg·mL~(-1)时,对A549细胞的抑制率达到了56.92%,对H460细胞的抑制率达到了70.11%。该研究结果表明广西柳树桑寄生内生真菌较丰富,在寄主中的分布表现了一定的组织特异性,而且还存在一些具有抗肿瘤活性的菌株及其活性物质可供进一步深入研究。     

广东肉桂内生真菌多样性及其抗肉桂枝枯病菌初步研究

本研究从广东省罗定市20年生和1年生肉桂的叶、枝、根和皮等不同器官共分离得到90株内生真菌,通过菌落特征、显微观察和ITS序列分析鉴定为2门3纲10目14科22属,其中拟盘多毛孢属Pestalotiopsis、黑孢霉属Nigrospora和间座壳属Diaporthe为优势属;肉桂内生真菌的分布存在明显的组织特异性和偏好...     

南方红豆杉内生真菌的多样性与群落结构

从南方红豆杉480个针叶与枝条组织块中分离到628株内生真菌,根据形态特征和ITS序列鉴定为28属43个分类单元.其中,包括10种丝孢菌、20种腔孢菌、12种子囊菌和1种未知真菌,茎生拟茎点霉为优势种;根据相对频率,链格孢、出芽短梗霉、博宁刺盘孢、盘长孢状刺盘孢、黑附球菌、Fungal sp.、砖红镰孢、围小丛壳、Magnaporthales sp.、稻黑孢、斑点拟盘多毛孢、小孢拟盘多毛孢、Peyronellaea glomerata和Xylaria sp.1等在南方红豆杉中比较常见.南方红豆杉受到内生真菌侵染的程度较高,81%的组织有内生真菌存在,其资源丰富并具有较高的物种多样性;内生真菌分布受组织性质影响,南方红豆杉针叶中内生真菌的定植率、丰富度、多样性明显低于枝条,枝条间内生真菌组成比针叶与枝条间更加相似,表现出组织偏好性或专一性;组织年龄影响内生真菌的群落结构,随着南方红豆杉枝条组织年龄的增长,内生真菌的定植率、丰富度、多样性均表现出逐渐增加的趋势.系统研究南方红豆杉内生真菌的多样性与群落结构,阐明内生真菌在植物组织中的分布规律,可以为南方红豆杉内生真菌的开发利用提供基础资料和科学依据;探讨病原真菌在健康植物组织中的存在情况,对于南方红豆杉的植物资源保护具有积极意义.     

Bioprospecting highly diverse endophytic Pestalotiopsis spp. with antibacterial properties from Maytenus ilicifolia, a medicinal plant from Brazil

Thirteen endophytic fungal strains of the genus Pestalotiopsis were isolated from the medicinal plant Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex. Reiss (commonly known as "espinheira santa") and their antimicrobial properties were investigated. Two isolates were successful in inhibiting the growth of the tested microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)) using the technique of bioautographic thin-layer chromatography (TLC) agar overlay assay. An analysis based on a polyphasic approach integrating taxonomic information, morphological traits, RAPD markers, and the sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 of the rDNA led to the assignment of the isolates as belonging to the species Pestalotiopsis microspora, Pestalotiopsis vismiae, and Pestalotiopsis leucothoes. Therefore, the present study presents a new approach to the study of endophytic fungi of the genus Pestalotiopsis.     

Description of Pestalotiopsis pallidotheae: a new species from Japan

A new coelomycetes fungal species, Pestalotiopsis pallidotheae, is described. This endophytic fungus, isolated from a leaf of Japanese andromeda (Pieris japonica), has knob-tipped appendages on the apical and basal cells of the conidia. The conidial morphology is similar to that of Pestalotiopsis theae except that the color of the median cells is paler in P. pallidotheae. Molecular analyses of the ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2 site placed P. pallidotheae in a group different from P. theae.     

Phylogenetic significance of morphological characters in the taxonomy of Pestalotiopsis species

There has been considerable disagreement regarding the relationships among Pestalotiopsis species and their delimitations. A molecular phylogenetic analysis was conducted on 32 species of Pestalotiopsis in order to evaluate the utility of morphological characters currently used in their taxonomy. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred from nucleotide sequences in the ITS regions and 5.8S gene of the rDNA under four optimality criteria: maximum parsimony, weighted parsimony, maximum likelihood, and neighbor joining. Phylogenies estimated from all analyses yielded trees of essentially similar topology and revealed 3 major groups that correspond with morphology-based classification systems. Molecular data indicated that the genus contains two distinct lineages based on pigmentation of median cells and four distinct groupings based on morphology of apical appendages. The analyses did not support reliability of other phenotypic characters of this genus, such as spore dimensions. Characters with particular phylogenetic significance are discussed in relation to the taxonomy of Pestalotiopsis.     

Diversity of endophytic mycobiota in Fortunearia sinensis

Fortunearia sinensis is an endemic species of arbor to China. The diversity of endophytic fungi of F. sinensis was preliminarily studied in order to understand the composition and change of mycobiota. 1436 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy laminae, petioles and twigs of F. sinensis located in Baohua mountain of Jiangsu province separately in spring and autumn. The isolation rate amounted to 53%. The isolates were identified and classified into 33 genera based on the morphological characters and ITS sequences. Alternaria, Fusarium and Pestalotiopsis were three dominant genera with the relative abundance of 21.52%, 19.64% and 13.16%, respectively. 498 isolates belonging to 27 genera of endophytic fungi were obtained from tested petiole samples of F. sinensis. The Shannon–Wiener index and Margalef index of endophytic fungi in the petiole were respectively 2.77 and 2.90 which were larger than those in the lamina and twig. 1076 isolates belonging to 27 genera of endophytic fungi were obtained in tissue samples of F. sinensis collected in autumn. Endophytic fungi of F. sinensis in autumn with the Shannon–Wiener index of 2.69 and Margalef index of 2.58 were more diverse than in spring.     

基于rDNA ITS序列的油茶叶片内生真菌多样性研究(英文)

油茶是我国热带和亚热带地区广泛栽培的一类重要的经济树种,其种子可生产优质食用油(茶油)。为了比较全面地了解油茶的内生真菌多样性,采用基于rDNA ITS的免培养法从油茶叶片中提取了总DNA,再从总DNA样本中直接扩增了内生真菌核糖体RNA基因内转录间隔区序列(ITS),进而构建了ITS克隆文库。共计从50个克隆子中获得了22种不同的克隆序列,其中3个为嵌合体,7个归属为植物,其余克隆序列根据序列相似性和系统发育分析归为12个不同的分类操作单元(OTUs),全部为子囊菌,分属于4纲4目,其中Aspergillus属2种,Mycosphaerellaceae科1种,Sordariales目4种,Helotiales目5种,Aspergillus属真菌是优势菌。结果表明油茶叶片内生真菌的种类分布较广。