共查询到11条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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采用黄鳝肾脏白细胞微核试验方法,研究了五种物质对除草剂精克草星诱变作用的影响。结果表明,维生素B2、维生素C、β-胡萝卜素、生姜和大蒜均能使精克草星诱发的微核率明显降低,且降低的能力基本相同。说明该五种物质具有抗除草剂精克隆草星诱发遗传物质损伤的作用。 相似文献
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除草剂对泽蛙蝌蚪的毒性 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
1984—1985年用28种除草剂对稻田泽蛙蝌蚪进行了急性毒性测定。发现不同的除草剂对蝌蚪的毒性不同,毒性大的有五氯酚钠、毒草安等,毒性较大的有丁草胺、丹醚、杀草丹等。混合剂的毒性比单一制剂大。在加工剂型中,乳油的毒性比可湿性粉剂大,粉剂、颗粒剂则较小。蝌蚪对除草剂反应敏感,达一定浓度后,若药量稍有增大,就会迅速引起大量死亡。稻田化学除草时,防止对蝌蚪的伤害,是保护蛙类重要环节之一。 相似文献
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杀虫剂敌敌畏和除草剂丁草胺对斑腿树蛙蝌蚪的遗传毒性 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
敌敌畏和丁草胺是我国农田中使用最普遍的杀虫剂和除草剂,这些农田化学物质对当地的水生动物及种群造成很大威胁.本文以广泛分布于我国南方农田区域的斑腿树蛙蝌蚪为研究对象,用碱性单细胞电泳方法(或慧星试验)对暴露在不同浓度的敌敌畏(2.08,4.16,6.24,8.32,10.40
mg/L)和丁草胺(0.1025,0.205,0.410,0.820,1.230 mg/L)溶液中的蝌蚪进行了遗传毒性的检测.结果表明在实验室条件下,随着农药浓度的增加,蝌蚪的DNA损伤(DNA尾长与尾宽比)随之增加;敌敌畏浓度为2.08
mg/L和丁草胺浓度为0.41 mg/L时,对蝌蚪造成显著的损伤,而且农药的剂量与蝌蚪的DNA损伤(DNA尾长与尾宽比)呈显著的线性关系敌敌畏,y=1.136±0.0083x,r=0.957,P<0.01;丁草胺,y=0.968±0.0093x,r=0.964,P<0.01.本研究表明这两种农药对我国的两栖动物具有遗传毒性作用;同时也表明,在检测环境污染物对蝌蚪的基因毒性方面,碱性单细胞电泳分析是一种合适的方法[动物学报
51(3)447-454,2005]. 相似文献
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为应用茎秆生物力学性质指标研究不同剂量除草剂对柴胡安全性的影响,以南柴胡和北柴胡茎秆为试验材料,精恶唑禾草灵为试验除草剂,分别在拔节期和开花期利用非金属材料万能试验机对茎秆基部第2节间的最大荷载、应力、应变、弹性模量、拉伸强度、剪切强度等力学指标进行测定和统计分析.结果表明:北柴胡的茎杆直径、最大荷载、抗拉强度等均高于南柴胡,最大荷载高了约13%,抗拉强度与茎杆直径呈线性相关关系(R=0.9194);南柴胡和北柴胡拔节期的茎杆拉伸强度和剪切强度均高于开花期;柴胡茎经中低剂量(0-1500ml/hm~2)的精恶唑禾草灵处理后,其抗拉强度和剪切强度无明显变化,但高剂量(3000ml/hm~2)的精恶唑禾草灵施用后显著降低了柴胡茎杆的抗拉强度和剪切强度,会直接导致柴胡抗倒伏能力降低,造成柴胡产量和品质下降.该结果可为柴胡田除草剂的安全施用及药材机械化收割技术的研发提供参考依据. 相似文献
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吸烟作为一个社会问题受到广泛关注,目前研究认为吸烟可对生殖系统存在有害影响。从吸烟对睾丸功能、精液质量、生殖内分泌功能的影响及吸烟对生殖细胞的遗传毒作用几个方面,总结了近几年国内外有关吸烟对男性生殖与遗传毒性研究进展,为进一步研究吸烟的生殖毒性提供参考。 相似文献
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浊漳河水体污染物对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传毒性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
运用蚕豆根尖细胞微核试验技术对浊漳河南段6个代表性样点水体中有机污染物的遗传毒性进行了研究,为浊漳河流域水体污染状况的有效监测提供理论依据.结果显示:(1)浊漳河南段各监测断面的水体有机污染物对蚕豆根尖细胞均产生了不同程度的损伤,表现出细胞微核、断片、染色体桥等多种异常形态,严重时导致细胞坏死和细胞凋亡.(2)6个样点水样处理的蚕豆根尖细胞微核率在21.47‰~64.77‰,极显著高于对照组(P<0.01).(3)各样点水样对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传损伤程度依次为:王桥>店上>漳泽水库>北寨>黄碾>五阳;在有丝分裂后期,蚕豆根尖中异常细胞最高达70%,且异常细胞比率有随着污染程度增大而升高的趋势.研究表明,蚕豆根尖细胞微核是水质毒理检测的有效指标,其细胞有丝分裂后期异常细胞比率也可作为水质毒理检测的观察指标. 相似文献
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小鼠生精细胞染色质与染色体构筑的扫描电镜研究(简报) 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
It remains unclear about the intermediate construction of chromosome due to its highly compact nature and the limitation in methods. The present study was designed to investigate the construction of chromatin and mitotic chromosome in situ with scanning electron microscopy. Mouse testes were selected as the material, because of in which the spermatogenic cells divide actively and successively to form the sperm. Such a feature would be able to study the structure of mammalian chromatin and chromosomes along with the change of nuclear cycle. The animal were perfused with 200 ml of 0.075 mol/L KCl hypotonic solution to remove blood and placed for 15-20 min on ice followed by 0.5% glutaraldehyde and 0.5% formaldehyde for fixing. Through treated by the routine process of fractured and freeze dried with t-butyl alcohol, the specimens were then coated with a 3 nm thick platinum and observed with Hitachi S-430 scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the hypotonic treatment with 0.075 mol/L KCl solution was suit for demonstrating the nuclear structure, when the organelles were well preserved. The chromatin fibers of 10-30 nm and 80-125 nm in diameter could be recognized in the interphase nuclei, which were arranged losely at the region of euchromatin, and folded with each other into chromatin masses at the region of heterochromatin, while the chromatin fibers with the diameter of 80-125 nm often could be viewed on the mitotic chromosomes. Since its presence in interphase nuclei and mitotic chromosomes, it was considered that the chromatin fibers with 80-125 nm in diameter might play a role in the condensation of chromosome, serve as a type of the intermediate structure. 相似文献