艾司洛尔和右旋美托咪啶对减轻患者插管 和喉镜检查的拟交感反应分析

目的：比较艾司洛尔和右旋美托咪啶减弱神经外科患者插管和喉镜检查的拟交感反应的疗效。方法：选取在我院神经外科拟 接受选择性神经外科手术的90 例患者。患者平均随机分为三组。对照组：静注给予20 mL生理盐水;右旋美托咪啶组：1 ug/kg右 旋美托咪啶使用生理盐水稀释至20 mL静注;艾司洛尔组：1.5 mg/kg 艾司洛尔使用生理盐水稀释至20 mL静注。所有患者均接 受2 min 的麻醉诱导,所有药物均在10 min 内滴注完毕。在给药后、诱导后及气管插管后1、2、3、5、10、15 min 后对患者心率 （HR）、收缩压、舒张压、平均动脉压进行记录,同时记录患者基线值。结果：与对照组相比,右旋美托咪啶组插管后心率和血压未见 显著性差异;艾司洛尔组插管后1、2、3 min 后血压及插管后5 min 的心率显著上升。结论：对减弱神经外科患者插管和喉镜检查 的拟交感作用,右旋美托咪啶比艾司洛尔更为有效。     

右旋美托咪啶用于食道癌手术麻醉的临床研究

目的：观察右旋美托咪啶用于食道癌手术麻醉的临床研究。方法：100例美国麻醉医师协会（ASA）Ⅰ-Ⅱ级择期行食道癌手术患者,随机分为生理盐水组（A组）和右旋美托咪啶组（B组）（n=50）,麻醉诱导前10min分别静脉注射右旋美托咪啶1μg／kg、生理盐水10ml后,两组麻醉诱导和维持相同。随后持续注射右旋美托咪啶0．4μg／kg·h直至手术结束前30min,观察与记录麻醉诱导前（T0）、插管即刻（T1）、拔管后1min（T2）、5min（T3）、10min（T4）平均动脉压（MAP）、心率（HR）、血氧饱和度（SaO2）、中心静脉压（CVP）、丙泊酚用量、芬太尼用量及不良反应。结果：T0、T1、T2,T3、T4A组与B组比较,MAP明显下降、HR明显减慢（P〈0．05）,丙泊酚和芬太尼用药量B组显著少于A组（P〈0．05）。B组术后咽喉疼痛、呛咳躁动发生率也明显低于A组（P〈0．05）。结论：右旋美托咪啶可减轻食道癌手术气管插管与拔管的心血管反应、减少麻醉药用量,减少胸科手术后咽喉疼痛、呛咳躁动的发生率。     

婴幼儿机械通气时使用右旋美托咪定和咪达唑仑的效果评价

目的:比较婴幼儿在机械通气镇静时使用右旋美托咪定和咪达唑仑效果。方法:收集我院2009年2月至2011年10月入住ICU需要机械通气且镇静时间大于24h的患儿60例,随机分为3组,每组20例,右旋美托咪啶1组(输注剂量为0.25μg.kg-1.h-1,D1组)、2组(输注剂量为0.5μg.kg-1.h-1,D2组)维持镇静,咪达唑仑组(输注剂量为0.05 mg.kg-1.h-1,M组)维持镇静。同时根据病情需要间断给予吗啡镇痛。镇静的疗效评估采用Ramsay镇静评分以及脑电双屏指数(BIS)评价。结果:60例患儿分为3组,每组20例,咪达唑仑组(M组)的输注持续时间(h)为22±8 h,0.25μg(D1组)和0.5μg(D2组)右旋美托咪啶组输注持续时间分别为21±10 h和22±9 h;M组的平均输注速率为0.22±0.05 mg.kg-1.h-1,D1组和D2组平均输注速率分别为0.28±0.07μg.kg-1.h-1和0.21±0.05μg.kg-1.h-1;三组差异无统计学意义。其中M组、D1组、D2组使用吗啡的剂量是分别为36 mg.kg-1.24h-1、29 mg.kg-1.24h-1和20mg.kg-.124h-1。D1组与M组使用吗啡的剂量差异无统计学意义。D2组与M组使用吗啡的剂量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三组患儿BIS值和Ramsay评分监测差异无统计学意义。结论:右旋美托咪啶应用于婴幼儿是安全有效的,0.5μg.kg-1.h-1右旋美托咪啶组镇静更加有效,24小时吗啡的使用剂量显著减少。     

右美托咪啶与咪达唑仑在重症破伤风患者镇静中效果比较

目的:比较右美托咪啶与咪达唑仑用于重症破伤风患者镇静中效果。方法:选取2012年1月~2015年12月间在我院治疗的重症破伤风患者72例,通过随机数表法分为右美托咪啶组与咪达唑仑组,各36例,给予右美托咪啶组静脉泵入右美托咪啶1μg/kg持续时间为10 min,之后以0.3~0.6μg/kg进行维持,咪达唑仑组静脉泵入咪达唑仑0.05 mg/kg,持续时间为1 min,之后以0.02~0.1/kg·h进行维持。监测两组患者用药前及用药12 h后平均动脉压(MAP)、呼吸频率(RR)、血氧饱和度(SpO_2)和心率(HR)深用Ramasy评分法评估镇静程度。结果:两组患者治疗后HR、RR、MAP水平明显降低而SpO_2明显上升且右美托咪啶组HR、RR、及SpO_2改善更显著差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);两组用药后4 h、8 h、12 h时Ramasy评分在组间、组内比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);右美托咪啶组不良反应发生率为5.56%,低于咪达唑仑组的16.67%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论右美托咪啶有助于维持患者血流动力学的稳定减少重症破伤风患者心动过速、心率增快、呼吸抑制等不良反应情况的发生。     

右美托咪啶用于SICU镇静时血流动力学效应与年龄的关系

目的：以心率（HR）、心指数（CI）、体循环阻力（SVR）作为效应指标,明确右美托咪啶（Dex）用于SICU 镇静时年龄和血流动 力学效应的关系。方法：选择2014 年3 月~7 月间在我院SICU 接受普胸或者普外科手术后需要短期镇静患者38 例,各年龄段分 布相对均匀。在病人术后Ramsay评分≤ 3 分时给予右旋美托咪啶6.0 ug/kg/h,连续静脉输注10 min 后停药,应用脉搏指示连续 心输出量监测技术(PICCO)记录用药前及用药后3 min、5 min、8 min、10 min、15 min、20 min、30 min、45 min、60 min、90 min、120 min 的11 个时间点的HR、CI 和SVR。结果：HR、CI 和SVR 的EMAX 随着年龄的增加而增大,可以通过数学模型表示：E= （P<0.05）。结论：右美托咪啶用于SICU 镇静时,患者HR、CI和SVR的EMAX 呈 年龄依赖性变化。     

盐酸右旋美托咪定对脑膜瘤切除术患者围拔管期应激反应的影响

目的：观察不同剂量的盐酸右旋美托咪定对脑膜瘤切除术患者全麻围拔管期应激反应的影响。方法：60 例ASAI～Ⅱ级,年 龄25-65 岁脑膜瘤切除术患者,随机分为四组,NS、D1、D2 和D3 组,NS 组:静脉泵入等量的生理盐水,D1、D2 和D3组静脉泵注 负荷量均为0.6 滋g/kg 的盐酸右旋美托咪定,各组泵注时间均为10 分钟,输注结束后随之给予维持量,D1组：盐酸右旋美托咪定 维持量0.2 滋g·kg-1·hr-1;D2 组：盐酸右旋美托咪定维持量0.4 滋g·kg-1·hr-1;D3组：盐酸右旋美托咪定维持量0.6 滋g·kg-1·hr-1。观察 并记录拔管时的耐管评分、呛咳程度、警觉/ 镇静评分(OAA/S）、拔管时间及拔管即刻和拔管后3 min 的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率 (HR)及恶心、寒战等不良反应。结果：D3 组患者耐管评分高于D1 组、D2 组和NS 组,呛咳程度轻于D1 组、D2 组和NS 组（P<0. 05）;D2、D3 组患者拔管即刻和拔管后3 min 的MDP、HR 均明显低于D1 组（P<0.05）;D1、D2 和D3 组不良反应少于NS 组;四组 拔管时间无明显差异。结论：盐酸右旋美托咪定降低脑膜瘤切除术患者全麻围拔管期的应激反应,增强患者对气管导管的耐受 性。     

右美托咪啶对苏醒期小儿血清肌钙蛋白I、C 反应蛋白及补体的影响

目的:探究不同浓度右美托咪啶对小儿麻醉后肌钙蛋白I、C反应蛋白以及补体变化的影响。方法:收集我院下腹股沟斜疝、急性阑尾炎以及肠套叠手术患儿75例,根据治疗方法不同分为三组,每组25例,其中A组实施0.5μg/kg负荷剂量右美托咪啶治疗,B组实施0.25μg/kg负荷剂量右美托咪啶治疗,C组实施右美托咪啶0.2~0.7μg/kg/h持续泵入。对比三组患者苏醒情况、血清肌钙蛋白I、C反应蛋白、补体水平、镇定及躁动评分。结果:手术后,B组自主呼吸恢复时间、气管导管拔管时间、解除监护时间明显缩短,且与其他两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与A、C两组相比,B组手术后C反应蛋白及血清肌钙蛋白I水平较低,而C3及C4水平较高,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);B组镇静、躁动评分明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:0.25μg/kg负荷剂量右美托咪啶能够有效减轻患儿术后炎性反应,缓解麻醉后神经损伤,有助于脏器功能的恢复。     

右美托咪啶对肺缺血/再灌注诱发小鼠肾脏超微结构改变的影响

目的：评价右美托咪啶对小鼠肺缺血/再灌注诱发肾脏损伤的影响。方法：雄性健康SPF级C57BL/6J小鼠50只,体重20 g~24 g,8~10周龄,采用随机数字表法,将其分为5组（n=10）：假手术组（sham组）、肺缺血/再灌注损伤组（I/R组）、肺缺血/再灌注+生理盐水组（NS组）、右美托咪啶组（Dex组）、右美托咪啶+阿替美唑（Atip）（DA组）。采用小鼠在体左侧肺门夹闭30 min再灌注180 min方法制备肺缺血/再灌注损伤（I/R）模型。Dex组在肺门阻断前30 min腹腔注射右美托咪啶20 μg/kg,NS组为用同Dex组等体积的生理盐水替代Dex,DA组腹腔注射右美托咪啶（20 μg/kg）+阿替美唑（250 μg/kg）,其余处理同I/R组。再灌注结束后静脉取血ELISA法检测血浆中IL-1β和TNF-α浓度;取双肾组织,透射电镜下观察肾组织病理学结果。结果：与对照组相比,其余组血浆IL-1β和TNF-α浓度明显升高,肾组织病理学损伤明显加重;与I/R、NS、DA组相比,Dex组IL-1β和TNF-α浓度明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,且肾组织超微结构损伤有所减轻。结论：右美托咪啶预先给药可减轻小鼠肺缺血/再灌注诱发肾脏损伤,其机制可能与抑制炎性反应有关。     

右美托咪啶对直肠癌患者术后胃肠功能恢复的影响

目的:观察围术期输注右美托咪啶对直肠癌患者术后镇痛及胃肠功能恢复的影响。方法:60例择期行直肠癌根治术的患者随机分为三组:空白对照组(Ctr组)不输注右美托咪啶;右美托咪啶组的患者入室后给予面罩吸氧并且泵注盐酸右美托咪啶,剂量为1μg/kg,10 min输注完毕后开始麻醉诱导,大剂量组(LD组)患者麻醉维持期间持续泵注右美托咪啶0.7μg/kg/h;小剂量组(MD组)泵注方法同LD组,术中持续泵注剂量为0.1μg/kg/h。手术结束后记录患者离开恢复室时(V1)、术后6 h(V2)、12 h(V3)、和24 h(V4)四个时间点的术后镇痛评分和胃肠功能恢复时间包括肠鸣音出现时间、排气时间、排便时间。结果:与其余两组比较,大剂量组患者各时间点的术后镇痛评分低于小剂量组和空白组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。小剂量组患者V1时疼痛评分较空白组减少(P0.05),其余时间点术后疼痛评分两组比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。大剂量组患者术后肠鸣音恢复时间较其余两组增加(P0.05),排气、排便时间与其余两组比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。小剂量组与空白组比较两组术后肠鸣音出现时间、排气时间和排便时间无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:围术期大剂量输注盐酸右美托咪啶可以改善患者术后疼痛,且不会抑制术后胃肠功能的恢复。     

右美托咪啶预防经尿道前列腺电切术中寒战反应的临床观察

目的:观察右美托咪啶用于预防经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)中寒战反应的效果.方法:60例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期在腰麻硬膜外联合麻醉下行TURP的患者,随机均分为D组(右美托咪啶组)和C组(对照组).D组和C组于麻醉后5min分别静脉泵注右美托咪啶0.5 μg·kg-1和生理盐水(泵注时间为10 min).观察术中两组患者寒战发生情况及镇静情况.结果:D组有3例患者(10％)发生寒战,C组有14例患者(46.7％)发生寒战(P＜0.05);寒战程度D组显著低于C组(P＜0.05),术中D组所有患者和C组3例患者的Ramsay评分为3～4分(P＜0.05).结论:静脉泵注0.5 μg·kg-1右美托咪啶能安全有效降低TURP术中患者寒战的发生率.     

Isoelectric points of multi-domain proteins

Although the distribution of protein isoelectric points is multi-modal, large proteins show isoelectric points less variable than small proteins and their isoelectric points tend to converge to a unique value, close to the pH of the milieu in which the proteins are functional, as far as the protein dimension increases. This study demonstrates that large proteins, which contain more than a single domain, do have isoelectric points less variable than small proteins, which contains a single domain. However, the distribution of the isoelectric points of the single domains, contained in large proteins, resembles that of small proteins, which contain a single domain. Thus, large proteins can be soluble even if their pI is very close to the pH of the milieu, in which they perform their function, since they can contain several domains, the electrostatic properties of each of which mirror those of small proteins.     

Analysis of the proteins,glycoproteins and glycosaminoglycans of fibroblast adhesions to substratum

The focal adhesion preparations which remain attached to a glass substratum when fibroblast bodies are removed by a gentle stream of buffer have been analysed by gel electrophoresis coupled with other selective methods of analysis. The results are consistent with the presence of three classes of macromolecular components. (i) Muscle and associated proteins amongst which actin was abundant with significant amounts of tropomyosin, some myosin and traces of α-actinin. Some vimentin was present but no vinculin. We detected a major new protein component, as yet unidentified, with a molecular weight in the region of 50 000–55 000 which is not desmin or tubulin and could have an important function at the focal adhesion. (ii) Glycoproteins which are a specialised subset of those in the whole plasma membrane and included a family which bind ricin and therefore contain β-galactose end groups, together with a series having carbohydrate chains which bound neither ricin nor concanavalin A. The relative proportion of ricin-binding glycoproteins compared to concanavalin A-binding glycoproteins was higher than in whole plasma membranes. (iii) Glycosaminoglycans, with hyaluronate identified as the major component by column chromatography and its susceptibility to Streptomyces hyaluronidase.     

Deafl的功能结构域分析和预测

目的分析转录因子Deafl的功能结构域并预测其功能。方法利用现有的数据库和软件对Deafl的转录因子结构域,核定位信号及和输出信号进行分析和预测。结果Deafl含有一个保守的SAND结构域及一个能介导蛋白质一蛋白质相互作用的MYND结构域;有核定位信号和核输出信号;在其N端还有一个富含丙氨酸结构域。结论Deafl除有典型转录因子必需的功能结构域之外,可能还有不止一个结构域能介导与其它蛋白质因子的相互作用,这对Deafl调控外周组织抗原表达至关重要。     

PCR指纹图谱分析在念珠菌性阴道炎、龟头炎流行病学研究中的应用

目的 建立一种鉴别念珠菌性阴道炎和龟头炎传染、复发及再感染的分子生物学方法.方法 对实验菌株进行微卫星PCR扩增,对所获得的PCR指纹图谱多态性进行分析,比较两次感染或夫妻同时感染的病原菌株的亲缘性关系.结果 22株实验菌株中,8株来自4例患者前后两次感染的两株,图谱相似系数大于0.8,可以认为是复发,3对夫妻间感染的6株菌株相似系数大于0.8,可以认定是性传染,其余8株菌的相似系数小于0.8,可以认为是再感染.结论 微卫星PCR指纹图谱能在一定程度上说明念珠菌阴道炎、龟头炎发病及复发的原因,在鉴别感染是由传染、复发还是再感染所致时中有一定的参考价值,可为临床治疗提供参考.     

Mapping of the plasmid (pLQ3) from Achromobacter and cloning of its cephalosporinase gene in Escherichia coli

We have constructed a physical map of the plasmid pLQ3 which was originally isolated from Achromobacter and which codes for a beta-lactamase. The enzyme specified by pLQ3 is expressed in Escherichia coli and is unusual in that it is a cephalosporinase, an enzyme usually coded for by chromosome. Plasmid pLQ3 is 12.4 kb in length and has a unique Bam HI site and two BglII sites. From a BamHI + BglII double digest of pLQ3, we have constructed a "shortened" plasmid, pLQ10, in which a 2.96-kb fragment is deleted. We have constructed a clone, pLQ22, in which a 3.27-kb fragment of pLQ3, carrying the beta-lactamase gene, is inserted into the BamHI site of pACYC184. By "comparative mapping" of single and multiple digests of each of these plasmids, we have been able to locate the cleavage sites for PstI, which makes seven cuts in pLQ3.     

A new baculovirus of cultured shrimps

By means of ultrathin section, negative staining and sucrose gradient ultra-centrifugation, a new baculovirus has been discovered and purified in lymphoid organs and such tissues as muscles of the shrimps which have been spontaneously attacked by diseases and artificially infected. With a diameter of 96-112 nm, this is the thickest baculovirus of shrimps ever known. In the center is the high-density nucleus. Between the capsid and the envelope is a broad space, which is not found in any of the baculoviruses of the prawns ever reported. On the surface of the puri-fied nucleocapsid, there is a subunit of the spiral arrangement, which is also characteristic of this virus. It has not been observed and found in the epithelial cells of the livers, intestines and cheeks, which is quite different from the fact that prawn baculoviruses infect a certain epithepilial cell of the above-mentioned ones without exception. The viruses only multiplicate inside the core of target cells, which will not form occluded bodie     

Identification of unknowns within a probabilistic system: The diagnostic value of attributes

Using a data base underpinned by probability considerations in which a variety of attributes, some of which may be quantitative, are recorded for a number of “operational taxonomic units” (OTUs), a key system is described by which an unnamed specimen may quickly be identified. The concept of “diagnostic power” is introduced, by which each attribute is evaluated in terms of its potential contribution to identifying the unnamed specimen. Besides coverage of different types of attributes and the introduction of “diagnostic power”, the system has the advantages of incorporating multiple values of an attribute for each OTU and offering short-cuts to identification.     

Global asymptotic stability of density dependent integral population projection models

Many stage-structured density dependent populations with a continuum of stages can be naturally modeled using nonlinear integral projection models. In this paper, we study a trichotomy of global stability result for a class of density dependent systems which include a Platte thistle model. Specifically, we identify those systems parameters for which zero is globally asymptotically stable, parameters for which there is a positive asymptotically stable equilibrium, and parameters for which there is no asymptotically stable equilibrium.     

Apparent bisexual behavior of yeast strains obtained from hybridization of industrial yeasts of the genusSaccharomyces with auxotrophic diploids

During a genetic study of some hybrids of brewer's and distiller's yeast strains with impaired sporulation characteristics and genetically marked auxotrophic aa and alpha alpha diploids, strains which showed positive mating reactions with both a and alpha haploid tester strains were observed. These strains proved to be homothallic and sporulated freely. The original hybrids, which appeared to be tetraploid, usually yielded sporulating single-spore clones on dissection of asci formed from them, with few or no mating strains among them. Dissection of asci from these clones yielded some single-spore clones which showed mating reactions with one or the other or both haploid tester strains, and further selection produced strains which on sporulation and dissection yielded single-spore clones which were apparently bisexual and sporulated freely. These strains proved to be homothallic, yielding single-spore clones which were all of the a mating type, and in which the mating reaction and, possibly, the action of the genes for homothallism were impaired, so that sporulating, non-mating diploids and haploids of both mating types were present in cultures originally obtained as single-spore clones.     

Stimulation of liver functions in hierarchical co-culture of bone marrow cells and hepatocytes

A hierarchial co-culture, in which rat hepatocytes and non-parenchymal liver cells (NPLCs) were separated by a collagen layer and which was designed to mimic the in vivo microenvironment, was carried out with the aim of developing a module for bio-artificial liver support. Compared with a monolayer co-culture and hepatocytes cultured alone in a monolayer, higher urea synthesis activity was maintained for 6 d in the hierarchical co-culture. When a rat hepatoma cell line H4-II-E-C3, which retains the induction of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT), was co-cultured in a monolayer with NPLCs, dose-dependent stimulation of TAT induction was observed. In a hierarchical co-culture, NPLCs further stimulated TAT induction in H4-II-E-C3 cells. Since peritoneal macrophages could stimulate TAT induction in hepatocytes in both monolayer and hierarchical co-cultures, bone marrow cells, which can proliferate and differentiate into macrophages in vitro, were investigated as a possible substitute for NPLCs. Bone marrow cells isolated from rat femurs were cultivated in the presence of IL-3 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and co-cultured with hepatocytes. Urea synthesis and TAT induction of hepatocytes were stimulated in the co-culture. The co-culture of bone marrow and H4-II-E-C3 cells, both of which have proliferation ability in vitro, was also shown to be effective in stimulating liver functions. The hierarchical configuration, in which two cell types can communicate with the soluble factor(s) through a collagen layer, was found to be more effective than a monolayer in long-term co-culture.