一次性肠道菌群分析培养瓶的研制和应用

目前国内外进行肠道菌群分析多一般使标本称重连续１０倍稀释后用选择性培养基和非选择性培养基,选择一定稀释度滴种（接种）于厌氧菌和需氧菌的有关培养基上分别进行培养,最后以活菌计数方法分析肠道菌群基本情况。这种常规的肠道菌群分析方法,不仅操作繁锁,且每次菌...     

经鼻导管低流量低浓度湿化与非湿化吸氧的临床效果对比

目的:比较经鼻导管低流量低浓度湿化与非湿化吸氧的临床效果,探讨低流量低浓度吸氧的最佳方式.方法:选择呼吸内科接受低流量、低浓度吸氧患者98人,按随机数字表将以上患者随机分成湿化组和非湿化组,记录每组患者吸氧后1-5d的呼吸道症状及不适症状并行统计学分析.结果:两组患者吸氧1-5d中,呼吸道症状及不适症状比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);未湿化组吸氧第1天与吸氧第5天,呼吸道症状及不适症状显著改善.结论:经鼻导管低流量低浓度吸氧无需进行湿化处理.     

胸腔感染与一次性水封瓶更换时间长短的临床意义

目的探讨胸腔感染与一次性水封瓶更换时间长短的临床意义。方法对196例行胸腔闭式引剃且排除胸腔感染者使用随机数字表分为4组,即每天更换水封瓶（A组）、每3天更换（B组）、每周更换（C组）、超变1周用至拔管（D组）,追踪监测一次性水封瓶内生理盐水和胸腔引流液作细菌培养,有细菌生长则对该病例停止亩验;同时对196例患者的胸腔内胸液或胸腔引流管前端2cm进行细菌培养,最后进行统计学分析。结果一次世水封瓶生理盐水的细菌培养均为阴性,4组水封瓶中胸腔引流液的细菌培养结果阳性共13例,共检出细菌8种,才封瓶内引流液中细菌出现最早的为A组中第4次（即第4天）更换,出现最迟的为C组中第2次（即第14天）更换各组比较差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）;对196例患者的胸腔内胸液或胸腔引流管前端2cm进行细菌培养,其结果例与一次性水封瓶内胸腔引流液相一致,1例与一次性水封瓶内胸腔引流液不一致,余194例无细菌生长。结论一次性水封瓶的更换时间与胸腔感染无直接关系;水封瓶更换时间与水封瓶内细菌定植无明显相关性,在严格无菌操作下,对于胸腔引流管留置时间较长的患者,一次性水封瓶以每周更换一次较为合适。     

大瓶螺养殖与生活习性的观察

大瓶螺(Ampullaria gigas spix)为淡水贝类,也叫福寿螺。原产于南美洲亚马逊河流域。属于软体动物门、腹足纲,前鳃亚纲,中腹足目、瓶螺科、瓶螺属。螺生长繁殖力强,适应性强,易饲养、饵料广、生长迅速。从营养学看属高蛋白、低脂肪类。现已成为贝类养殖品种之一。有关它的养殖我国北方尚无报道。1988年5月我们从抚顺特产学校引进一批种螺和仔螺进行养     

鞘内注射氧气联合地塞米松对神经修复效果的临床观察

中枢神经脑和脊髓疾病的后遗症期,是临床常见的治疗难题,常规干预方法有限,严重影响患者的生存质量,给家庭和社会造成很大负担。近年来,基于人脑、脊髓的较大可塑性、内在潜力和可修复性,     

吸入性损伤行气管切开患者持续气道湿化的效果观察

目的:探讨吸入性损伤行气管切开患者持续气道湿化的效果。方法:将60例吸入性损伤行气管切开患者随机分为实验组30例,采用微量注射泵持续滴入气道湿化液。对照组30例,采用传统的气道内定时、间断注射器滴入湿化法,对比两种方法痰痂形成、气道粘膜出血、刺激性咳嗽及肺部感染并发症。结果:持续气道湿化患者痰痂形成、刺激性咳嗽明显低于间断气道湿化法,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);气道粘膜出血、肺部感染并发症也低于间断气道湿化法,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:吸入性损伤行气管切开患者持续气道湿化效果好,可以降低患者肺部感染率及相应的气道并发症。     

长白山分解纤维素的瓶霉属和外瓶霉属真菌

瓶霉属、外瓶霉属真菌在自然界中广泛分布,是有着重要经济意义的一类真菌。迄今,我国已报道疣状瓶霉（Phialophoraverrucosa）、裴氏瓶霉（Ph.pedrosoi）、棘状外瓶霉（Exophialaspinifera）、皮炎外瓶霉（E.dermatitidis）和甄氏外瓶霉（E.jeanselmei＝Ph．gougerotii）5种,均是分离自人体的病原真菌。在长白山自然保护区的原始林中,用生长锥取样器随机钻取腐朽林木髓心,在实验室进行分离培养。共鉴定出瓶霉属真菌2种,外瓶霉属真菌3种,其中美州瓶霉（Ph.americana、烂木瓶霉（Ph．richardsiae）和鲑外瓶霉（E.salmonis）为国内新记录种。     

干、湿化学法在乳糜血中的应用比较

目的探讨乳糜血对干、湿化学法检测结果的影响,以期找到一种适合于在乳糜血中应用的检测方法。方法分别用干、湿化学法检测乳糜血中总蛋白、血糖,比较两种方法检测结果差异。结果湿化学法测定结果高于乙醇处理法(P0.05),干化学法与乙醇处理法结果比较差异无显著性(P0.05)。结论在乳糜血检测中干性化学法与湿性化学法比较更接近真实值。     

一次性菌群分析培养瓶的应用

用一次性菌群分析培养瓶对５０ 例小鼠及３５ 人粪便标本菌群分析结果比较可知,我们开发的一次性菌群分析培养基与光岗介绍的经典的菌群分析培养基效果相当,两种方法重复性都好,结果也比较稳定准确,只是经典方法必须把平板培养置厌氧环境３５ ℃培养３６ｈ４８ｈ 观察结果,而一次性菌群分析培养瓶只需放通温箱培养,不仅效果较好而且比传统的经典方法更简易型,易于推广使用。     

裂褶多糖的吸湿和保湿性能初步研究

通过干燥器控制湿度的方法对经冷冻干燥的裂褶多糖（PSG）试样进行吸湿和保湿性能测试,其48h吸湿率和保湿率分别为44．75％、63．06％;168h吸湿率和保湿率分别为112．28％、4．06％。和常用的化妆品保湿剂甘油、透明质酸钠、壳聚糖、聚乙二醇（PEG）进行比较,试验条件下0-168h各试样吸湿能力大小为：PSG〉甘油〉透明质酸钠〉壳聚糖〉PEG10000;48h综合保湿能力大小为：PSG〉甘油〉透明质酸钠〉壳聚糖〉PEG10000;168h综合保湿能力大小为：甘油〉PSG〉壳聚糖〉透明质酸钠〉PEG10000。采用差示扫描量热法（DSC）对裂褶多糖的热力学参数进行了测定,其相变起始温度为53．12℃,高峰温度为97．71℃,终了温度为148．30℃,焓变△H为126．743 J/g。裂褶多糖表现出良好的吸湿和保湿性能,因而是一种很有开发潜力的天然保湿剂。     

土壤水分含量的理论分析及预测模型

本文应用物理学中的电介质和电磁理论,分析和研究土壤的组成成分,得到了反映土壤水分含量的理论表达式,并在自行研制的测试仪器上,对相关变量进行测量,由此建立了土壤水分含量的预测模型,统计检验和国代结果显示了理论模型和预测模型的合理性．     

Oxygen solubility and permeability of carbohydrates

The saturated oxygen concentration in a series of aqueous solutions of sorbitol (up to 35% w/w) and maltitol (up to 50% w/w) was measured using colorimetric reagent vials based on Rhodazine D. The results indicate that the solubility of oxygen in low-water carbohydrates is considerably lower than its solubility in pure water. It was concluded that the low-oxygen solubility is a major factor contributing to the barrier properties of low-water content carbohydrates used in the encapsulation of flavours, lipids, peptides and other oxidisable species.     

真空负压引流瓶引流对乳腺癌术后皮下积液的预防和治疗分析

目的：探讨真空负压引流瓶引流对乳腺癌术后皮下积液的预防和治疗效果。方法：160例乳腺癌患者根据引流方法的不同分为治疗组与对照组各80例,两组都采用保乳手术,对照组常规缝合切口及加压包扎,治疗组缝合切口时留置真空负压引流瓶引流及普通包扎。结果：治疗组术后24小时引流量和引流时间明显少于对照组（P〈0．05）,但是两组的术后72小时引流量和术后72小时引流日平均引流量对比无明显差异（P〉O．05）。两组都无皮瓣坏死、上肢淋巴水肿等严重并发症,治疗组术后积液的发生率明显少于对照组（P〈0．05）,对症处理后痊愈。J-P负压引流系统所能提供的负压明显低于文献提供的数据。结论：乳腺癌术后发生皮下积液是乳腺癌术后最常见并发症,真空负压引流瓶引流是有效的预防方法,同时能减少引流量与引流时间。     

The Evolution of Bioluminescent Oxygen Consumption as an Ancient Oxygen Detoxification Mechanism

Endogenous reductants such as hydrogen sulfide and alkylthiols provided free radical scavenging systems during the early evolution of life. The development of oxygenic photosynthesis spectacularly increased oxygen levels, and ancient life forms were obliged to develop additional antioxidative systems. We develop here the hypothesis of how ``prototypical' bioluminescent reactions had a plausible role as an ancient defense against oxygen toxicity through their ``futile' consumption of oxygen. As oxygen concentrations increased, sufficient light would have been emitted from such systems for detection by primitive photosensors, and evolutionary pressures could then act upon the light emitting characteristics of such systems independently of their use as futile consumers of oxygen. Finally, an example of survival of this ancient mechanism in present-day bioluminescent bacteria (in the Euprymna scolopes–Vibrio fischeri mutualism) is discussed. Once increasing ambient oxygen levels reached sufficiently high levels, the use of ``futile' oxygen consumption became too bioenergetically costly, so that from this time the evolution of bioluminescence via this role was made impossible, and other mechanisms must be developed to account for the evolution of bioluminescence by a wide range of organisms that patently occurred after this (e.g., by insects). Received: 25 May 2000 / Accepted: 14 November 2000     

手工和仪器两种血培养结果差异性分析

目的对手工法双相血培养瓶和BACTEC9120全自动血培养仪的阳性率作回顾性分析。方法将血液标本同时接种双相血培养基和BACTEC9120全自动血培养仪配套血瓶中,将阳性结果移种血平板,如为阴性再移种巧克力平板。结果370例血培养,双相血培养瓶阳性25例,阳性率为6．76％（25／370）,树脂需氧（儿童）瓶BACTEC9120报警显示阳性59例,阳性率为15．9％（59／370）,阳性标本移种到血平板及巧克力平板阳性54例,阳性率为14．6％（54／370）,假阳性5例,假阳性率为1．4％（5／370）,共有29例树脂需氧（儿童）瓶阳性,而双相血培养瓶为阴性,P〈0．001。结论BACTEC9120全自动血培养仪提高阳性率,缩短阳性的报告时间优于传统的双相血培养基。     

Oxygen Toxicity. The Influence of Adenine-Nucleotides and Phosphate on Fe2+ Autoxidation

Fecl₂, in Na phosphate buffer autoxidizes forming active oxygen species which damage deoxyribose. Di-and triphosphate adenine-nucleotides inhibit both Fe²⁺ autoxidation and deoxyribose damage in Na phosphate buffer pH 7.4. The inhibition is related to the number of charges of the adenine-nucleotide molecule: ATP at pH 7.4 is a better inhibitor than ADP; at a pH (6.5) close to the pK's of the third and fourth charge of ADP and ATP, ADP inhibition is greatly decreased whereas ATP inhibition is slightly affected. The extent of ATP inhibition of Fe²⁺ autoxidation depends both on ATP/Mg²⁺ and ATP/Fe²⁺ ratios in the reaction mixture. Formation of a Fe²⁺ -nucleotide complex appears to be the mechanism through which ATP and ADP inhibit autoxidation and thus the generation of active oxygen species. These findings are discussed in relation to physiological and pathological fluctuations of nucleotide concentrations.     

Association between Gene Polymorphism of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase and Prostate Cancer Risk

Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is the most effective antioxidant enzyme in mitochondria and protects cells from reactive oxygen species‐induced oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between MnSOD Ala‐9Val gene polymorphism and prostate cancer (PCa) risk in Turkish men with prostate cancer. 33 patients with PCa and 81 control individuals were included in the study. We observed an association between MnSOD Ala/Ala frequency and a higher PCa risk. In addition, we found that the increased risk of early‐onset PCa (under age of 65) in the men homozygous for Ala allele was higher than the men homozygous for Val allele. However, we determined that MnSOD Ala‐9Val genotype was not associated with the aggressiveness of the disease. The results of our study suggest that MnSOD Ala/Ala genotype may influence on early‐onset of PCa patients, but no effect on subsequent development of the disease in Turkish men. However, our study has a limitation that is small numbers of individuals for cases and controls. Therefore, the presented study limited our statistical power to fully investigate the gene polymorphism on cancer risk. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 27:213‐218, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com . DOI 10.1002/jbt.21472     

The Glutathione Status of Perfused Rat Hearts Subjected to Hypoxia and Reoxygenation: The Oxygen Paradox

Langendorff perfused rat hearts subjected to 30min hypoxia followed by 20min reoxygenation and the levels of the oxidised and reduced forms of glutathione measured. No change in the concentration of oxidised glutathione was detected in reoxygenated hearts when compared to normoxic controls. In contrast hearts exposed to oxidative stress in the form of H₂O₂ showed elevated levels of both oxidised glutathione (GSSG) and the glutathione-protein mixed disulphide. These results suggest that if oxidants do contribute to cell damage on reoxygenation of the hypoxic myocardium then their action is local and not through overwhelming of the cells antioxidant defences.     

The Glutathione Status of Perfused Rat Hearts Subjected to Hypoxia and Reoxygenation: The Oxygen Paradox

Langendorff perfused rat hearts subjected to 30min hypoxia followed by 20min reoxygenation and the levels of the oxidised and reduced forms of glutathione measured. No change in the concentration of oxidised glutathione was detected in reoxygenated hearts when compared to normoxic controls. In contrast hearts exposed to oxidative stress in the form of H₂O₂ showed elevated levels of both oxidised glutathione (GSSG) and the glutathione-protein mixed disulphide. These results suggest that if oxidants do contribute to cell damage on reoxygenation of the hypoxic myocardium then their action is local and not through overwhelming of the cells antioxidant defences.