固定化地衣芽孢杆菌R08吸附Pd^2＋的研究

比较了四种固定菌体的方法。结果以聚乙烯醇一海藻酸钠包埋地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)R08菌体,制成直径约2mm的颗粒,然后用磷酸缓冲液处理,5％戊二醛溶液交联,制得的固定化R08菌体(PIRB)对Pd^2 的吸附率最高。PIRB吸附Pd^2 的最适pH值为3．5。吸附作用是一种迅速的过程。在5℃—60℃范围内,吸附作用不受温度的影响。溶液中的PIRB含量和Pd^2 起始浓度影响吸附作用,在0．5gPIRB/L、200mg Pd^2 /L、pH3．5和30℃条件下,吸附60min,吸附量达94．7mg／g干重。吸附过程符合Freundlich和Langmuir吸附等温式。Au^3 等离子抑制PIRB对Pd^2 的吸附。用1mol/L HCl洗脱PIRB所吸附的Pd^2 ,解吸率为83．6％。在填充床反应器中,在流速2mL/min、100mgPd^2 /L、2．5g PIRB(干重)、pH3．5和30℃条件下,反复吸附—解吸附,最初5批的饱和吸附量、吸附率和解吸率分别平均为44．3mgPd^2 /g干重、89．4％和82．5％。在与上述相同的条件下,PIRB对废钯催化剂处理液中的Pd^2 的吸附量为41．3mg／g,吸附率为88．6％。     

一株弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌中检出新ampC基因

目的探讨1株耐亚胺培南弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌的耐药机制。方法采用浓度梯度法（Etest）检测对抗菌药物的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。通过金属酶初筛试验（协同法）检测金属酶;改良Hoged试验检测碳青霉烯酶;头孢西丁三维试验检测AmpC酶;聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测耐药基因;DNA测序决定基因型;接合试验检测耐药基因的转移性。结果弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌临床分离株NC118对亚胺培南的MIC为〉16μg/ml,金属酶初筛试验阴性,Hoged表型确证试验碳青霉烯酶阳性,AmpC酶阳性,PCR扩增及测序显示含有blaKPC-2、blaAmpC基因,该菌株所产AmpC酶基因与CMY-45型AmpC酶（GenBank：ACU00152.1）比较有5个氨基酸发生了改变,该blaCMY-2-like基因为一个新型的AmpC酶基因。结论在弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌中发现一种新的ampC基因（blaCMY-49）。     

固定化地衣芽孢杆菌R08吸附Pd2+的研究

比较了四种固定菌体的方法。结果以聚乙烯醇—海藻酸钠包埋地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)R08菌体,制成直径约2mm的颗粒,然后用磷酸缓冲液处理,5%戊二醛溶液交联,制得的固定化R08菌体(PIRB)对Pd²⁺的吸附率最高。PIRB吸附Pd²⁺的最适pH值为35。吸附作用是一种迅速的过程。在5℃～60℃范围内,吸附作用不受温度的影响。溶液中的PIRB含量和Pd²⁺起始浓度影响吸附作用,在05gPIRB/L、200mg Pd²⁺/L、pH35和30℃条件下,吸附60min,吸附量达94.7mg/g干重。吸附过程符合Freundlich和Langmuir吸附等温式。Au³⁺等离子抑制PIRB对Pd²⁺的吸附。用lmol/L HCl洗脱PIRB所吸附的Pd²⁺,解吸率为83.6%。在填充床反应器中,在流速2mL/min、100mgPd²⁺/L、2.5g PIRB(干重)、pH3.5和30℃条件下,反复吸附-解吸附,最初5批的饱和吸附量、吸附率和解吸率分别平均为44.3mgPd2+/g干重、89.4%和82.5%。在与上述相同的条件下,PIRB对废钯催化剂处理液中的Pd2+的吸附量为41.3mg/g,吸附率为88.6%。     

弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌的临床分布及耐药特性分析

目的了解弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌临床分离株的分布特点,探讨其耐药规律,为临床防治其感染提供帮助。方法常规方法进行菌株分离,VITEK-32型或VITEK-2全自动微生物分析仪进行菌株鉴定,K-B法进行药物敏感性试验,采用WHONET 5.5软件分析数据。结果 2007年6月至2009年12月从各种感染性标本中共分离到47株弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌,呼吸道标本占绝大多数,达51.1%(24/47),其次为脓液和尿液,分别为23.4%(11/47)和12.8%(6/47)。该菌种对氨苄西林和头孢唑啉的耐药性最严重,耐药率分别为92.6%和91.9%,其次是氨苄西林/舒巴坦、头孢西丁、头孢噻肟、左氧氟沙星及复方磺胺甲口恶唑,耐药率均45%,耐药率较低的有亚胺培南和阿米卡星,耐药率分别为8.3%和8.6%。结论弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌可引起患者多部位感染,下呼吸道是其主要感染部位,该菌种耐药性较严重,亚胺培南和阿米卡星对其有较强的抗菌活性。     

弗劳地枸橼酸盐杆菌基因种与小儿腹泻关系、耐药性的研究

从１４５７例腹泻患儿大便中分离出１６４株弗劳地枸橼酸盐杆菌复合群的菌株,而对照组中分离率仅４．２６％,具统计学差异。为探讨其致病性,采用不耐热性肠毒素,耐热性肠毒素基因探针,菌液直接ＬＴ－ＰＣＲ,家兔肠袢结扎和刚果红结合试验检测细胞的腹泻毒力因子,证实４７．１％的菌株产生ＬＴ,系腹泻重要毒力因子,不具侵袭性因子。     

弗劳地枸椽酸盐杆菌复合群基因种的生化鉴定

用Ｂｒｅｎｎｅｒ等的方法对从小儿腹泻大便中分离的４０株弗劳地枸椽酸盐杆菌进行基因种的鉴定和分析。７５％的细菌可被准确鉴定,共鉴定出４个基因种。弗劳地枸椽酸盐杆菌（Ｃ．ｆｒｅｕｎｄｉ）居首位（５６．７％）,依次为布拉基枸椽酸盐杆菌（Ｃ．ｂｒａａｋｉ）（２０．０％）,杨格枸椽酸盐杆菌（Ｃ．ｙｏｕｎｇａｅ）（１３．３）和沃克马尼枸椽酸盐杆菌（Ｃ．ｗｅｒｋｍａｎｉ）（１０．０％）     

碳青霉烯类耐药弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌耐药及毒力基因的分析

目的对临床分离的碳青霉烯类耐药弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌(carbapenem resistant Citrobacter freundii, CRCF)进行耐药及毒力基因分析,为控制CRCF感染提供依据。方法收集昆明医科大学第一附属医院2016年1月至2017年12月22株CRCF,通过VITEK2 Compact系统对菌株进行细菌鉴定及药敏试验,用PCR检测菌株耐药及毒力基因的携带情况。结果药敏结果显示,菌株对青霉素类、头孢菌素类及碳青霉烯类抗生素的耐药率均为100%,对氨曲南、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、庆大霉素、四环素、复方新诺明及呋喃妥英等抗生素呈现出不同程度的耐药;22株菌株耐药基因检测结果显示,KPC-2、IMP、NDM-1、TEM、SHV和CTX等阳性率分别为27%、32%、82%、82%、23%和27%,携带2种或以上耐药基因的阳性率为91%;18株菌株毒力基因检测结果显示,ureA、wabG、ycf和uge等阳性率依次为41%、23%、14%和14%,未检测到IroN、allS、KfuB、iutA、ybtS、VatD及fimH等毒力基因。结论该院CRCF碳青霉烯类耐药性主要由NDM-1基因介导,而其毒力主要与脂多糖相关,多重耐药毒力强的CRCF应引起临床高度重视。     

固定化啤酒酵母废菌体吸附Pd2+的研究

用2％海藻酸钠与1％明胶混合为包理剂固定啤酒酵母废菌体。SEM、X-射线能谱和TEM研究结果表明,该固定化啤酒酵母废菌体(ISCWB)颗粒中的菌体分布较均匀,ISCWB不仅能吸附Pd²⁺,而且能将Pd²⁺还原成Pd0。ISCWB吸附Pd²⁺的最适pH值为3.5。在30℃～70℃范围内,吸附作用不受温度的影响。吸附作用是一个较快的过程,在最初的5min内吸附量可达最大吸附量的36％。吸附作用受ISCWB浓度、Pd²⁺起始     

生物脱硫中氧化亚铁硫杆菌固定化技术的研究

在生物脱硫过程中,以焦碳为填料作为固定化载体,进行了氧化亚硫杆菌的固定化技术研究。在初始pH2、温度为30℃左右、通气量0.5m3/h、喷淋量1.0L/h条件下,挂膜后只需12h,Fe2 氧化率可达95.28%,其Fe2 平均氧化速率是游离细胞时的8倍。氧化亚铁硫杆菌固定化细胞经长期低pH值驯化后,仍能保持对Fe2 具有较高的氧化活性;只需20hFe2 氧化率就达95.05%,Fe2 平均氧化速率达0.38g/(L/h)。     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌分离复壮及固定化的研究

用稀释涂布平板法从已退化的氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Thiobacillus ferrooxidans）菌液中分离出氧化活性较高、生命力强的氧化亚铁硫杆菌T1。以H2软性填料作为氧化亚铁硫杆菌的固定化载体,构建了固定床生物反应器。考察了固定床生物反应器氧化Fe2+的情况：Fe2+最大氧化速率达7.67g/(L·h)。并对固定床生物反应器运行过程中在载体表面形成的沉淀物进行了研究,通过X衍射证明此沉淀物为黄钾铁矾［Kfe3(SO4)2(OH)6］。     

弗氏柠檬酸杆菌植酸酶的分离纯化及其酶学性质研究

从弗氏柠檬酸杆菌(Citrobacter freundii)中分离纯化了一种植酸酶并进行了酶学性质研究,其反应最适pH为4.0~4.5,最适温度为40℃,在37℃下以植酸钠为底物的Km值为0.85nmol/L,Vmax为0.53IU/(mg.min),具有较好的抗胰蛋白酶的能力。酶蛋白的分子量大小约为45kDa,成熟酶蛋白N端序列为QCAPEGYQLQQVLMM。     

Cloning and sequencing of the beta-lactamase gene and surrounding DNA sequences of Citrobacter braakii,Citrobacter murliniae,Citrobacter werkmanii,Escherichia fergusonii and Enterobacter cancerogenus

To further identify the origins of plasmid-mediated cephalosporinases that are currently spreading worldwide, the chromosomal beta-lactamase genes of Citrobacter braakii, Citrobacter murliniae, Citrobacter werkmanii reference strains and of Escherichia fergusonii and Enterobacter cancerogenus clinical isolates were cloned and expressed into Escherichia coli and sequenced. These beta-lactamases had all a single pI value >8 and conferred a typical AmpC-type resistance pattern in E. coli recombinant strains. The cloned inserts obtained from genomic DNAs of each strain encoded Ambler class C beta-lactamases. The AmpC-type enzymes of C. murliniae, C. braakii and C. werkmanii shared 99%, 96% and 95% amino acid sequence identity, respectively, with chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamases from Citrobacter freundii. The AmpC-type enzyme of E. cancerogenus shared 85% amino acid sequence identity with the chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamase of Enterobacter cloacae OUDhyp and the AmpC-type enzyme of E. fergusonii shared 96% amino acid sequence identity with that of E. coli K12. The ampC genes, except for E. fergusonii, were associated with genes homologous to regulatory ampR genes of other chromosomal class C beta-lactamases that explain inducibility of beta-lactamase expression in these strains. This work provides further evidence of the molecular heterogeneity of class C beta-lactamases.     

Mutations in the gyrA and parC genes associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Citrobacter freundii

We determined partial sequences of the gyrA and parC genes of Citrobacter freundii type strain, and then examined 38 C. freundii clinical strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections for the association of alterations in GyrA and ParC with susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. Our results suggest that in C. freundii DNA gyrase may be a primary target of quinolones, that an amino acid change at Thr-83 or Asp-87 in GyrA is sufficient to decrease susceptibility to fluoroquinolones, and that accumulation of changes in GyrA with the simultaneous presence of an alteration at Ser-80 or Glu-84 in ParC may be associated with the development of high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in C. freundii clinical isolates.     

Removal of heavy metals from stainless steel effluents by waste biomass from Brazilian alcoholic beverage production

The capacity of waste biomasses from sugar-cane aguardente, a traditional Brazilian spirit, for metal biosorption was assessed. Free biomass and biomass immobilized onto chitin and Dowex (ion-exchange resin) were utilized to remove chromium, iron and nickel from both synthetic solutions and stainless steel effluents. The best performance in terms of metal sorbed was observed in with free biomass, with the following adsorption capacity: 70% chromium, 50% iron and 20% nickel at pH 4.0.     

Isolation and characterization of a phytase with improved properties from Citrobacter braakii

Citrobacter braakii YH-15 produced an intracellular phytase which was purified 12800 fold to homogeneity with the specific activity of 3457 units mg^–1, which is 1.9 times higher than E. coli phytase previously recorded as having the highest specific activity. Its molecular weight was 47 kDa by SDS-PAGE gel. Enzyme activity was optimal at pH 4 and at 50 °C. The K _m value for sodium phytate was 0.46 mM with a V _max 6027 U mg^–1. The phytase was resistant to proteases such as trypsin, pepsin, papain, pancreatin, and elastase.     

Characteristics of Aluminum Biosorption by Sargassum fluitans Biomass

Biomass of nonliving brown seaweed Sargassum fluitans pretreated by different methods is capable of taking up more than 10% (11 mEq/g) of its dry weight in aluminum at pH 4.5. There are indications that the biomass hydroxyl groups were involved in sequestering the aluminum in the form of polynuclear aluminum species. Aluminum-alginate complex (like cotton candy) was formed in the aluminum sorption solution as alginate was partially released from the biomass. Aluminum uptake of S. fluitans biomass was independent of residual alginate content in the biomass. Sodium ion added for pH adjustment was not adsorbed at all in the presence of aluminum ion. Received March 11, 1998; accepted October 9, 1998.