共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
D. S. Virk Ashwani K. Gupta 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1984,68(3):207-211
Summary The possibility of obtaining instant pure breeding lines by matromorph seed development in Pisum sativum L. has been investigated. Two types of maternal parents, namely, homozygous for the recessive marker genes and heterozygous for the dominant marker genes were pollinated with Lathyrus odoratus and the P174 variety of Pisum sativum L. carrying dominant markers. For both pollinators, induction of matromorphy by prickle pollination, irradiated pollen and IAA treatment was examined. Promising matromorphs were identified in the M1 generation which were studied in the M2 generation for assessing their genetic status with respect to homozygosis. The success of pod set varied from zero to 28% with a varying number of matromorphic seeds following different treatments. The possible mechanisms for matromorphic origin have been discussed. The evidence presented herein favours induction of matromorphy in peas for the production of homozygous stocks. In addition, the recovery of double recessive seed markers of the maternal parents along with plant markers from the paternals has prospective implications in plant breeding as an alternative tool to recurrent back crossing. 相似文献
2.
Although it has been suggested that the maximum axial growth pressure of roots is temperature-dependent, this has not previously been tested experimentally. In this paper we report the temperature-dependence of the maximum axial growth pressure of completely mechanically-impeded roots of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv Meteor). Maximum growth pressures were somewhat lower at 15 and 20°C than at 10, 25 or 30°C, but there was no overall trend for maximum growth pressure to increase or decrease with temperature. Turgor pressure in unimpeded roots varied little with temperature and we suggest that cell wall tension in completely impeded roots also varies little with temperature. 相似文献
3.
Dr. Hideyuki Takahashi Mamoru Takano Nobuharu Fujii Masamichi Yamashita Hiroshi Suge 《Journal of plant research》1996,109(3):335-337
Roots of the agravitropic pea (Pisum sativum L.) mutantageotropum show positive hydrotropism, whereas roots of Alaska peas are hydrotropically almost non-responsive. When the gravitropic
response was nullified by rotation on clinostats, however, roots of Alaska peas showed unequivocal positive hydrotropism in
response to a water potential gradlent. These results suggest that roots of Alaska peas possess normal ability to respond
hydrotropically and their weak hydrotropic response results from a counteracting effect of gravitropism. 相似文献
4.
The activities of the enzymes of uridine diphosphate sugar interconversions (UDP-D-glucose 4-epimerase, UDP-D-glucuronate 4-epimerase, UDP-D-xylose 4-epimerase, UDP-D-glucose dehydrogenase and UDP-D-glucuronate decarboxylase) were measured by using enzymic preparations (protein precipitated between 40–65% (NH4)2SO4 saturation) isolated from segments at different stages of elongation of the third internode of pea seedlings. All enzymic activities increased from dividing and non-elongated cells to fully elongated cells. At all stages of growth, the specific activity or the activity per cell of UDP-D-glucose dehydrogenase was much lower than that of UDP-D-glucuronate decarboxylase and this may represent a controlling step in the formation of UDP-D-xylose. During elongation, changes were also found in the activities of the epimerases. These could be correlated with the corresponding variations which occur in the chemical structure and physical properties of pectins during cell wall extension. However, the high levels of the epimerases present in cells which have completed elongation growth suggest that pectin synthesis is mainly controlled at the sites of the synthetase reactions. 相似文献
5.
Voisin Anne-Sophie Salon Christophe Munier-Jolain Nathalie G. Ney Bertrand 《Plant and Soil》2002,242(2):251-262
The effect of mineral N availability on nitrogen nutrition and biomass partitioning between shoot and roots of pea (Pisum sativum L., cv Baccara) was investigated under adequately watered conditions in the field, using five levels of fertiliser N application at sowing (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 kg N ha–1). Although the presence of mineral N in the soil stimulated vegetative growth, resulting in a higher biomass accumulation in shoots in the fertilised treatments, neither seed yield nor seed nitrogen concentration was affected by soil mineral N availability. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation was inhibited by mineral N in the soil but it was replaced by root mineral N absorption, which resulted in optimum nitrogen nutrition for all treatments. However, the excessive nitrogen and biomass accumulation in the shoot of the 400 kg N ha–1 treatment caused crop lodging and slightly depressed seed yield and seed nitrogen content. Thus, the presumed higher carbon costs of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, as compared to root mineral N absorption, affected neither seed yield nor the nitrogen nutrition level. However, biomass partitioning within the nodulated roots was changed. The more symbiotic nitrogen fixation was inhibited, the more root growth was enhanced. Root biomass was greater when soil mineral N availability was increased: root growth was greater and began earlier for plants that received mineral N at sowing. Rooting density was also promoted by increased mineral N availability, leading to more numerous but finer roots for the fertilised treatments. However, the maximum rooting depth and the distribution of roots with depth were unchanged. This suggested an additional direct promoting effect of mineral N on root proliferation. 相似文献
6.
Mutational analysis of Pisum sativum L. was used to search for constitutive proteins that might function in nodule formation. The sym 5 locus is a mutational hot spot, represented by seven independently derived mutant lines with decreased nodulation. Comparison of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels of in vitro-translated root RNA showed a consistent difference in the migrational pattern of one peptide. In the nodulating parental cultivar Sparkle, a 66 kDa peptide had a pI of 5.9. In four of the five tested sym 5 mutants, the 66 kDa peptide had a more acidic pI of 5.8. This 66 kDa peptide is found in lateral root, tap root, and shoot. Its expression was independent of rhizobial inoculation, root temperature, or light. 相似文献
7.
Jan E. Grant Pauline A. Cooper Alastair E. McAra Tonya J. Frew 《Plant cell reports》1995,15(3-4):254-258
A reliable Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method has been developed for peas (Pisum sativum) using immature cotyledons as the explant source. Transgenic plants were recovered from the four cultivars tested: Bolero, Trounce, Bohatyr and Huka. The method takes approximately 7 months from explant to seed-bearing primary regenerant. The binary vector used carried genes for kanamycin and phosphinothricin resistance. Transformed pea plants were selected on 10 mg/l phosphinothricin. The nptII and bar genes were shown to be stably inherited through the first sexual generation of transformed plants. Expression of the phosphinothricin-resistance gene in the transformed plants was demonstrated using the Buster (=Basta) leaf-paint test and the phosphinothricin acetyl transferase enzyme assay.Abbreviations BA 6-benzylaminopurine 相似文献
8.
Slow wave potentials (SWPs) are transient depolarizations which propagate substantial distances from their point of origin. They were induced in the epidermal cells of pea epicotyls by injurious methods such as root excision and heat treatment, as well as by externally applied defined steps in xylem pressure (Px) in the absence of wounding. The common principle of induction was a rapid increase in Px. Such a stimulus appeared under natural conditions after (i) bending of the epicotyl, (ii) wounding of the epidermis, (iii) rewatering of dehydrated roots, and (iv) embolism. The induced depolarization was not associated with a change in cell input resistance. This result and the ineffectiveness of ion channel blockers point to H(+)-pumps rather than ion channels as the ionic basis of the SWP. Stimuli such as excision, heat treatment and pressure steps, which generate SWPs, caused a transient increase in the fluorescence intensity of epicotyls loaded with the pH-indicator DM-NERF, a 2',7'-dimethyl derivative of rhodol, but not of those loaded with the pH indicator 2',7'bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF). Matching kinetics of depolarization and pH response identify a transient inactivation of proton pumps in the plasma membrane as the causal mechanism of the SWP. Feeding pump inhibitors to the cut surface of excised epicotyls failed to chemically simulate a SWP; cyanide, azide and 2,4-dinitrophenol caused sustained, local depolarizations which did not propagate. Of all tested substances, only sodium cholate caused a transient and propagating depolarization whose arrival in the growing region of the epicotyl coincided with a transient growth rate reduction. 相似文献
9.
Biologically Active Oligosaccharides from Pectins of Pisum sativum L. Seedlings Affecting Root Generation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Zabotina OA Ibragimova NN Zabotin AI Trofimova OI Sitnikov AP 《Biochemistry. Biokhimii?a》2002,67(2):227-232
Two physiologically active oligosaccharide fractions were isolated from pectin of Pisum sativum L. cell wall after its partial acid hydrolysis. These fractions displayed stimulating and inhibiting effects on root formation in thin-layer explants. The subsequent separation of these fractions by gel permeation and anion-exchange chromatography resulted in fractions with effective concentrations two orders of magnitude lower than the concentrations of the initial fractions. The resulting oligosaccharides displayed their effect on the earliest stage of the rhizogenesis associated with formation of root primordias. The rhizogenesis-inhibiting fraction suppressed cell division by 30-50%. The stimulating fraction mainly contained fragments of xyloglucan and galactan, and the inhibiting fraction contained fragments of xyloglucan, galactan, and arabinan. The polymerization degrees of the stimulating and of the inhibiting oligosaccharides were 10-11 and 5-6, respectively. 相似文献
10.
Wlodzimierz Borejsza-Wysocki Ewa Borejsza-Wysocka Geza Hrazdina 《Plant cell reports》1997,16(5):304-309
Cell suspension cultures were established from germinating pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds. This cell culture, which accumulated pisatin, consisted mostly of single cells containing a few cell aggregates. The cells responded to treatment with a yeast glucan preparation with transient accumulation of pisatin in both cells and culture media. Addition of pisatin to cell cultures resulted in increased synthesis of pisatin. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone synthase and isoflavone reductase activities were present in untreated cells. Upon treatment with an elicitor preparation the activities of the first two enzymes showed a rapid, transient increase up to 20 hours after treatment. Isoflavone reductase showed a major and minor peak at 16 and 36 h, respectively, after elicitor treatment. The time course of the enzyme activity and pisatin accumulation is consistent with an elicitor-mediated response.Abbreviations CHS
chalcone synthase
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- IFR
isoflavone reductase
- 2iP
6-(dimethylallylamino)-purine
- MS
Murashige & Skoog basal salt medium
- PAL
phenylalanine ammonia-lyase
- PMSF
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
- POPOP
1,4-bis-2-(4-methyl-5-phenyloxazolyl)-benzene
- PPO
2,5-diphenyloxazole 相似文献
11.
S. H. Mahmoud J. A. Gatehouse D. Boulter 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1984,68(6):559-566
Summary Three isoenzyme systems (amylase, esterase and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase) were examined in seeds of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and shown to give clear variation in their band patterns on gel electrophoresis between different lines. The inheritance of these isoenzyme systems, and the location of their genes on the pea genome was investigated. Reciprocal crosses were made between lines, F2 seeds were analysed for segregation in the band patterns of the isoenzymes, and F2 plants were investigated to find linkage between the genes for these isoenzymes and genes for selected morphological markers. The results obtained showed that each of the investigated isoenzyme systems is genetically controlled by co-dominant alleles at a single locus. The gene for amylase was found to be on chromosome 2, linked to the loci k and wb (wb ... 9 ... k ... 25 ... Amy). The gene for esterase was found to be linked with the gene Br (chromosome 4) but the exact location is uncertain because of the lack of the morphological markers involved in the cross. The gene for glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase was found to be on chromosome 1 and linked with the loci a and d (a... 24... Got... 41 ... d). 相似文献
12.
L. A. Mackie-Dawson 《Plant and Soil》1989,116(1):126-128
Cores of repacked soil were consolidated with a compressive strength testing machine, after peas had been planted in the centre
of the core. The number that emerged were counted and root and shoot lengths and diameters were measured. Consolidation had
no effect on emergence, root length or root diameter of the peas grown in a loamy sand, whereas emergence, root length and
root diameter were affected by a small increase in load in a clay loam. 相似文献
13.
Endopeptidase activity in cotyledons of 5-day seedlings of Pisum sativum increased rapidly during germination. However, the increase of the activity in detached cotyledons was depressed. We examined whether a growth regulator can be substituted for the embryonic axis on the development of endopeptidase activity. As monitored by an assay with azoalbumin, the development of endopeptidase activity from crude extracts of detached cotyledons appeared to be slightly accelerated by incubation with 10–5
M GA3. However, the pattern after gelatin-polyacrylamide gel suggested that the activity induced in detached cotyledons during a 5-d incubation at 10–7
M GA3 was the same as that in attached ones during germination for 5 days and an even greater increase in activity was obtained with 10–5
M GA3. These results suggest that GA3 from the embryonic axis induces endopeptidase activity in attached cotyledons at the first stage of germination.Abbreviations ABA
abscisic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- GA
gibberellic acid 相似文献
14.
15.
Summary Clathrin-coated vesicles have been isolated from cotyledons of both developing and germinating pea seeds using differential centrifugation, ribonuclease treatment, discontinuous sucrose gradients, and isopycnic centrifugation on a linear D2O-Ficoll gradient. The yield of coated vesicles from developing pea cotyledons was exceptional, being 1.6 × higher than the yield from hog and bovine brain, 5.3 × higher than the yield from carrot suspension cultures, and 13 × the yield from cotyledons of germinating pea seeds. The pea coated vesicles are similar to other plant coated vesicles in size (approximately 80 nm in diameter) and in having a clathrin heavy chain of 190,000 Mr. The lipid phosphorus to protein ratio, 190–250 nmol P per mg protein, of the coated vesicles from plants is comparable to that reported for highly purified coated vesicles from animals. The nondenatured pea clathrin reacted weakly with an antiserum to bovine brain clathrin, but pea clathrin denatured by sodium dodecyl sulfate did not.Abbreviations CLC
Clathrin light chain
- CHC
clathrin heavy chain
- CV
coated vesicle
- DTT
dithiothreitol
- EGTA
ethyleneglycol-bis-(-aminoethyl ether) N,N-tetraacetic acid
- SDS-PAGE
sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- TBS
Tris buffered saline 相似文献
16.
Study of the factors influencing Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of pea (Pisum sativum L.) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nadolska-Orczyk Anna Orczyk Waclaw 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2000,6(2):185-194
Factors influencing the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of pea were tested using highly efficient, direct regeneration system. The virulence of three Agrobacterium strains (octopine LBA 4404, nopaline C58C1 and succinamopine, hypervirulent EHA 105) clearly varied giving 1 transgenic plant per 100 explants for LBA 4404, 2.2 for C58C1 and 8.2 for EHA 105. To test the efficacy of selection agents we used the hypervirulent EHA 105 strain carrying pGPTV binary vector with one of four different selection genes: nptII, hpt, dhfr or bar. The mean number of transgenic, kanamycin-resistant plants for two cultivars tested was 4.2 per 100 explants and was slightly higher than the number of phosphinothricin-resistant plants (3.6 plants per 100 explants). The proportion of transgenics among kanamycin-selected plants was also higher than among phosphinothricin-resistant plants (35% and 28% respectively). There was no regeneration on hygromycin or methotrexate media (transformation with hpt and dhfr genes). Acetosyringone had no apparent influence on efficiency of transformation with hypervirulent EHA 105 strain, however it did affect the rate of transformation when moderately virulent C58C1 was used. Recovery of transgenic plants was enhanced after application of 5-azacytidine. The presence of integrated T-DNA was checked by PCR and confirmed by Southern hybridization. T-DNA was stably transmitted to the next generation. 相似文献
17.
G. Gualberti J. Doležel J. Macas S. Lucretti 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1996,92(6):744-751
A high-yield method for the isolation of intact nuclei and chromosomes in suspension from a variable number of pea root tips (1–10) has been developed. This procedure is based on a two-step cell-cycle synchronization of root-tip meristems to obtain a high mitotic index, followed by formaldehyde fixation and mechanical isolation of chromosomes and nuclei by homogenization. In the explant, up to 50% of metaphases were induced through a synchronization of the cell cycle at the G1/S interface with hydroxyurea (1.25 mM), followed, after a 3-h release, by a block in metaphase with amiprophos-methyl (10 M). The quality and quantity of nuclei and chromosomes were related to the extent of the fixation. Best results were obtained after a 30-min fixation with 2% and 4% formaldehyde for nuclei and chromosomes, respectively. The method described here allowed the isolation of nuclei and chromosomes, even from a single root tip, with a yield of 1×105/root and 1.4×105/root, respectively. Isolated suspensions were suitable for flow cytometric analysis and sorting and PRINS labelling with a rDNA probe. 相似文献
18.
Marzena Sujkowska Wojciech Borucki Władysław Golinowski 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2006,28(3):263-271
ACPase activity was localized in the apoplast of pea root nodules under phosphorus deficiency. Pea plants (Pisum sativum L. cv. Sze ciotygodniowy) where inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 248 and were cultured on nitrogen-free medium with phosphate (−N/+P) or phosphate-deficient (−N/−P) one. In comparison with control nodules, P-deficient nodules showed the increase of ACPase activity in plant cell walls and the infection threads. The increase in bacterial ACPase activity under P-deficiency may reflect higher demand for inorganic phosphorus that is necessary for bacteria multiplication within the infection threads. The increase of ACPase activity in nodule apoplast under P stress may enlarge the availability of phosphate for plant and bacteria. 相似文献
19.
Sulphate uptake and xylem loading was analysed in young pea (Pisum sativum) seedlings. The rate of sulphate uptake into intact 8-days-old pea seedlings (determined by a 1 h exposure to radiolabelled sulphate in the nutrient solution) was 585 nmol sulphate g–1 root fresh weight h–1. When the cotyledons were removed on day 6 the 8-days-old seedlings took up only 7% of the controls. Interruption of the phloem transport by steam girdling of the stem or the root (1 h before incubation with radiolabelled sulphate) diminished sulphate uptake by approximately 50%. The addition of sucrose to the nutrient solution during incubation did not restore sulphate uptake rates indicating that the decrease was not due to a lack of energy. Apparently, a signal from the shoot and/or the cotyledons is necessary to stimulate sulphate uptake into the roots of pea seedlings. Glutathione fed to the roots for 3 h prior to incubation with radiolabelled sulphate diminished sulphate uptake by approximately 50%. The relative proportion of the sulphate taken up that was loaded into the xylem remained unchanged (between 7 and 9% of total uptake), even when the stem was girdled above the cotyledons or when the seedlings were pre-exposed to glutathione. Only removal of the cotyledons or girdling of the root below the cotyledons increased the proportion of sulphate loaded into the xylem to 13–15% of total uptake upon exposure to glutathione. Apparently, a signal from the cotyledons represses xylem loading to some extent. 相似文献
20.
E. Cecchini L. Natali A. Cavallini M. Durante 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1992,84(7-8):874-879
Summary The aim of this study was to determine whether DNA variations could be detected in regenerated pea plants. Two different genotypes were analyzed by cytogenetic and molecular techniques: the Dolce Provenza cultivar and the 5075 experimental line. Dolce Provenza regenerated plants showed a reduction in DNA content, particularly at the level of unique sequences and ribosomal genes. Moreover, regeneration was associated with an increase in DNA methylation of both internal and external cytosines of the CCG sequence. On the other hand, the DNA content of the 5075 line remained stable after regeneration. DNA reduction was found only in 5075 plants regenerated from callus cultures maintained for long incubation periods (about a year). The DNA variations observed are discussed both in relation to the genotype source and the role of tissue-culture stress. 相似文献