嵊泗列岛潮间带群落生态学研究Ⅱ.岩相潮间带底栖动物的群落结构

用Shannon-Wiever多样性指数、Pielous种类均匀度、Margalef种类丰度、McNaushton优势度4个测定群落种类多样性指标进行数值分析.结果表明,嵊泗列岛从近岸到外海.H'(S)、J、d值呈现逐渐增加的趋势.而D值则有逐渐减小的趋势;各断面多样性指数H'(S)以春、秋季较高,J值则基本上以春、冬季稍高,d值则随断面的不同有差异,D值基本上以夏、秋季为高用Whiftaker和Fairbanks群落系数计算公式及Bray-Curtis群落相似性指数进行群落相似性及聚类分析,结果表明,嵊泗列岛潮间带底栖动物群落结构可聚为两大类型,从结构上看.近外海底栖动物群落为近岸及外海群落的过渡类型.     

Quantifying Access Disparities in Response Plans

Effective response planning and preparedness are critical to the health and well-being of communities in the face of biological emergencies. Response plans involving mass prophylaxis may seem feasible when considering the choice of dispensing points within a region, overall population density, and estimated traffic demands. However, the plan may fail to serve particular vulnerable subpopulations, resulting in access disparities during emergency response. For a response plan to be effective, sufficient mitigation resources must be made accessible to target populations within short, federally-mandated time frames. A major challenge in response plan design is to establish a balance between the allocation of available resources and the provision of equal access to PODs for all individuals in a given geographic region. Limitations on the availability, granularity, and currency of data to identify vulnerable populations further complicate the planning process. To address these challenges and limitations, data driven methods to quantify vulnerabilities in the context of response plans have been developed and are explored in this article.