Development of Expressed Sequence Tags from the Bay Scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians

The bay scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians, introduced from North America, has become one of the most important aquaculture species in China. Inan effort to identify scallop genes involved in host defense, a high-quality cDNA library was constructed from whole body tissues of the bay scallop. A total of 5828 successful sequencing reactions yielded 4995 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) longer than 100 bp. Cluster and assembly analyses of the ESTs identified 637 contigs (consisting of 2853 sequences) and 2142 singletons, totaling 2779 unique sequences. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis showed that the majority (73%) of the unique sequences had no significant homology (E-value ≤ 0.005) to sequences in GenBank. Among the 748 sequences with significant GenBank matches, 160 (21.4%) were for genes related to metabolism, 131 (17.5%) for cell/organism defense, 124 (16.6%) for gene/protein expression, 83 (11.1%) for cell structure/motility, 70 (9.4%) for cell signaling/communication, 17 (2.3%) for cell division, and 163 (21.8%) matched to genes of unknown functions. The list of host-defense genes included many genes with known and important roles in innate defense such as lectins, defensins, proteases, protease inhibitors, heat shock proteins, antioxidants, and Toll-like receptors. The study provides a significant number of ESTs for gene discovery and candidate genes for studying host defense in scallops and other molluscs.     

小麦种子基因的表达序列标签分析(英文)

以授粉后12d的小麦(TriticumaestivumL.)种子为材料,构建起cDNA文库。从中随机挑选10000个克隆,利用Biomek2000核酸工作站制成高密度cDNA阵列。然后分别以未受精子房、胚和胚乳中提取的RNA为模板,反转录合成探针与膜杂交,进行差示筛选。根据筛选结果,选取800个在胚、胚乳或胚和胚乳中表达的克隆进行表达序列标签(EST)分析,鉴定出216个不同的基因序列。其中24个ESTs属于已知的小麦基因;122个ESTs为推测的小麦新基因,它们编码的产物与种子贮藏蛋白或与生化代谢、发育等其他的生物学过程有关;70个ESTs的序列特征尚未确定。本研究为研究种子发育和小麦品质改良等提供了基础资料。     

Expressed sequence tags from stem tissue of the American chestnut, Castanea dentata

Subtracted and size-selected unsubtracted cDNA libraries were created to examine gene expression in the woody tissues of Castanea dentata. A total of 50 clones were sequenced and comparisons were made to the GenBank database. Expression analysis of 20 selected clones revealed that 13 were expressed predominantly in the stem and leaf tissues, while the other seven were present in all tissues examined.     

绍鸭卵巢卵泡发育相关新EST的分离与表达

采用银染mRNA差异显示方法从绍鸭卵巢等级卵泡中分离并筛选到 3个差异表达序列标签 (ExpressedSequenceTags ,ESTs)SXDF0 2 0 1(2 71bp)、SXDF0 2 0 2 (2 0 0bp)和SXDF0 2 0 3(173bp) ,通过测序和BLAST检索 ,发现SXDF0 2 0 1与GenBank中登录的所有物种的所有序列均无同源性 ,是在绍鸭卵巢卵泡发现的新EST ,现已登录GenBank(GenBank登录号 :CB0 72 6 2 9) ,而SXDF0 2 0 2和SXDF0 2 0 3则分别与GenBank公布的鸡的EST和肌胃肌球蛋白重链高度同源。用 5′ RACE将SXDF0 2 0 1延伸至 5 4 4bp ,经过BLAST再次检索 ,仍然未发现中度同源序列采用相对定量RT PCR方法进一步研究SXDF0 2 0 1和SXDF0 2 0 2在绍鸭组织中的时空特异性表达 ,发现这两个EST在产蛋高峰期绍兴鸭的下丘脑、垂体、肌肉、肝脏、脂肪等组织都有表达 ;SXDF0 2 0 1在 30日龄卵巢的表达水平显著高于 6 0 (P <0 0 5 )和 90 (P =0 0 15 )日龄 ;而SXDF0 2 0 2在卵巢发育的不同阶段的表达水平没有变化 ;SXDF0 2 0 1在卵巢卵泡颗粒层中的表达总体高于膜层 ,SXDF0 2 0 2在颗粒层中的表达F3 >F5>Fw(P <0 0 1) ,而在F1卵泡降至最低 (P <0 0 1) ,膜层中以Fw 卵泡表达水平最高 (P <0 0 1)。     

中国地方品种香猪的肌肉特异组织表达序列标签（ESTs）的分析

通过构建香猪肌肉组织cDNA文库,并在文库中随机挑选克隆进行测序的方法,获得了131个香猪肌肉EST序列。在这131个EST序列所代表的109个单一克隆中,有99个为人类及其他物种的同源序列,3个为已知的猪的ESTs,7个为未知ESTs。对这10个已知、未知ESTs进行开放阅读框预测并进行BlastX分析,没有找到高度同源的氨基酸序列。对上述EST所对应的基因功能分析结果表明,除去27．27％的EST未能分类外,克隆到的EST大多来自与基因／蛋白的表达调控相关的基因（占45．46％）。来自具有其他功能的基因的EST依次是细胞代谢占10．10％、细胞结构／迁移占10．10％、细胞／机体防御占5．05％和细胞信号／传导占2．02％。没有发现和细胞分裂相关的已知功能基因。本研究结果为中国地方品种香猪提供了第一个骨骼肌的基因表达谱,为今后寻找猪肌肉生长和肉用品质的候选基因奠定了基础。     

Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the marine red alga Gracilaria gracilis

Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are partial sequences of cDNAs, and can be used to characterize gene expression in organisms or tissues. We have constructed a 200-sequence EST database from vegetative thalli of Gracilaria gracilis, the first ESTs reported from any alga. This database contains recognizable ESTs corresponding to genes of carbohydrate metabolism (seven), amino acid metabolism (three), photosynthesis (five), nucleic acid synthesis, repair and processing (three), protein synthesis (14), protein degradation (six), cellular maintenance and stress response (three), other identifiable protein-coding genes (13) and 146 sequences for which significant matches were not found in existing sequence databases. We have already used this EST database to recover genes of carbohydrate biosynthesis from G. gracilis. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

EST分析技术在鸡基因组学研究中的应用

表达序列标签（EST）是由大量随机取出的cDNA库克隆经测序得到的组织或细胞基因组的一段cDNA序列,一个EST代表生物体某种组织某一时期的一个表达基因。综述了EST分析技术在鸡基因组研究中的应用。如用于鉴定、发现和预测鸡的新基因,用于基因图谱的绘制,用于筛选基因的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点,用于基因表达分析和基因芯片制作等。EST数据库和生物信息学的联合分析技术在推动家鸡后基因组的研究中发挥着重要的作用。     

Characterization of the thioredoxin peroxidase from Cryptosporidium parvum

Cryptosporidium parvum can survive exposure to harsh environmental conditions, various disinfectants, and high doses of γ-radiation. Recently, it was found that the expression of thioredoxin peroxidase (CpTPx) in C. parvum increased after a high dose of γ-irradiation to the parasite. CpTPx is a two-cysteine peroxiredoxin that contains cysteines at positions 49 and 170. Recombinant CpTPx fused to an N-terminal hexahistidine sequence, (His)₆-CpTPx, exhibited substantial thiol-dependent peroxidase activity that protected plasmid DNA from damage by metal-catalyzed oxidation in vitro. (His)₆-CpTPx was used to screen sera from C. parvum-infected mice and humans for antibodies against CpTPx. In Western blots, 10% of the mouse sera and 20% of the human sera reacted with (His)₆-CpTPx, suggesting that after infection by C. parvum CpTPx can induce a host-immune reaction but is not a major antigen. Immunolocalization studies revealed that CpTPx is expressed mainly in the cytoplasm of C. parvum at various developmental stages.     

Evaluation of cDNA Libraries from Different Developmental Stages of Schistosoma mansoni for Production of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs)

A comparative study of the gene expression profile in differentdevelopmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni has been initiatedbased on the expressed sequence tag(EST) approach. A total of1401 ESTs were generated from seven different cDNA librariesconstructed from four distinct stages of the parasite life cycle.The libraries were first evaluated for their quality for a large-scalecDNA sequencing program. Most of them were shown to have lessthan 20% useless clones and more than 50% new genes. The redundancyof each library was also analyzed, showing that one adult wormcDNA library was composed of a small number of highly frequentgenes. When comparing ESTs from distinct libraries, we coulddetect that most genes were present only in a single library,but others were expressed in more than one developmental stageand may represent housekeeping genes in the parasite. When consideringonly once the genes present in more than one library, a totalof 466 unique genes were obtained, corresponding to 427 newS. mansoni genes. From the total of unique genes, 20.2% wereidentified based on homology with genes from other organisms,8.3% matched S. mansoni characterized genes and 71.5% representunknown genes.     

中国地方品种香猪的肌肉特异组织表达序列标签(ESTs)的

通过构建香猪肌肉组织cDNA文库,并在文库中随机挑选克隆进行测序的方法,获得了131个香猪肌肉EST序列.在这131个EST序列所代表的109个单一克隆中,有99个为人类及其他物种的同源序列,3个为已知的猪的ESTs,7个为未知ESTs.对这10个已知、未知ESTs进行开放阅读框预测并进行B1ast分析,没有找到高度同源的氨基酸序列.对上述EST所对应的基因功能分析结果表明,除去27.27%的EST未能分类外,克隆到的EST大多来自与基因/蛋白的表达调控相关的基因(占45.46%).来自具有其他功能的基因的EST依次是细胞代谢占10.10%、细胞结构/迁移占10.10%、细胞/机体防御占5.05%和细胞信号/传导占2.02%.没有发现和细胞分裂相关的已知功能基因.本研究结果为中国地方品种香猪提供了第一个骨骼肌的基因表达谱,为今后寻找猪肌肉生长和肉用品质的候选基因奠定了基础.     

表达序列标签及基因芯片技术在植物抗性基因研究中的应用

表达序列标签和基因芯片技术是基因组学研究的重要手段。表达序列标签是cDNA的3’或5’端的一段序列,通过表达序列标签可以寻找在某种胁迫条件下特异表达的基因并推测其可能的功能。基因芯片技术是指将大量基因探针分子固定于载体上并与标记的样品分子进行杂交,通过检测每个探针分子的杂交信号强度获取样品分子数量和序列信息,通过基因芯片技术,可以研究基因在不同的条件下的表达量,进而研究植物抗性机理。     

一个新的猪肌肉组织EST的分离、定位与表达

利用mRNA差异显示技术,从猪骨骼肌组织中分离到一个新的表达序我标签（expressed sequence tag ,EST)ESThp9-1(其GenBan登录号：BI596262）,其序列长196bp,经BLAST程序与GenBank中存在的序列比对后,发现与猪的所有序列无同源性,但与大鼠的U3A核内小RNA基因及小鼠的U3B．4核内小RNA基因同源性分别为87％（93个碱基）和85％（96个碱基）。半定量RT－PCR表明,此EST在猪的多数组织中均有表达。通过体细胞杂种板（somatic cell hybrid panel,SCHP)及辐射杂种板（radiation hybrid panel,RH)分析,EST hp9-1被定位于猪的12号染色体长臂,与微卫星标记S0090连锁。根据同源性比对和物理定痊结果,推测EST hp9-1为猪的U3基因家族中一员。