Allantoin: Emerging Role in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Plant Molecular Biology Reporter - Allantoin is an intermediate product of purine catabolic pathway that helps in nitrogen mobilization in plants. It is ubiquitously present in the plant...     

赤霉素调节植物对非生物逆境的耐性

赤霉素（GAs）是一类重要的植物激素,调控植物生长发育的诸多方面．最近的研究表明,GA也参与对生物与非生物胁迫的响应,然而GA参与非生物胁迫响应的遗传学证据及其机制有待于进一步研究．本实验室前期研究证明,水稻EullfELONGATEDUPPERMOSTINTERNODE）通过一个新的生化途径降解体内的活性赤霉素分子,并参与调控水稻对病原菌的基础抗病性．本研究发现,euil突变体对盐胁迫能力降低,而超表达EUll基因的水稻和拟南芥耐盐性显著提高．进一步研究发现,积累高含量赤霉素的水稻euil突变体对脱落酸（ABA）的敏感性下降,而赤霉素缺失的EUll超表达转基因水稻和拟南芥均改变了对于ABA的敏感性．EUll基因的转录受逆境诱导,其功能缺失与超表达调控了逆境标志基因的表达．综上推测,GA可能是通过影响ABA的信号途径从而改变了植物对非生物胁迫的响应．     

谷胱甘肽转移酶在植物抵抗非生物胁迫方面的角色

非生物胁迫因子如高盐、干旱、低温、重金属污染等严重影响植物的生长和繁殖。植物进化出一系列包括各种酶类物质的系统抵抗逆境所带来的氧化伤害。谷胱甘肽转移酶(glutathione S-transferase,GST,EC 2.5.1.18)是由多种功能的蛋白质组成的超家族,在植物遭受高盐、干旱、低温胁迫时,GSTs可清除活性氧,保护植物细胞膜结构和蛋白质活性。对谷胱甘肽转移酶在植物抵御非生物胁迫中的作用进行综述,为今后利用基因工程育种提供理论依据。     

Plant RABs: Role in Development and in Abiotic and Biotic Stress Responses

Endosomal trafficking plays an integral role in various eukaryotic cellular activities and is vital for higher-order functions in multicellular organisms. RAB GTPases are important proteins that influence various aspects of membrane traffic, which consequently influence many cellular functions and responses. Compared to yeast and mammals, plants have evolved a unique set of plant-specific RABs that play a significant role in their development. RABs form the largest family of small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding proteins, and are divided into eight sub-families named RAB1, RAB2, RAB5, RAB6, RAB7, RAB8, RAB11 and RAB18. Recent studies on different species suggest that RAB proteins play crucial roles in intracellular trafficking and cytokinesis, in autophagy, plant microbe interactions and in biotic and abiotic stress responses. This review recaptures and summarizes the roles of RABs in plant cell functions and in enhancing plant survival under stress conditions.     

一氧化氮在植物生长发育和抗逆过程中的作用研究进展

NO不仅在植物的抗病过程中发挥重要作用,同时也参与植物生长、发育和对干旱、高盐、高温、低温等非生物胁迫的响应等过程。该文对近年来国内外有关NO在植物生长、发育、非生物胁迫抗性过程中的作用及其与植物激素之间的互作关系等方面的研究进展进行综述,为相关研究提供信息和资料。     

DREB转录因子与植物非生物胁迫抗性研究进展

干旱、高盐、低温等非生物逆境胁迫严重影响植物的生长发育和作物产量。转录因子在调节植物生长发育以及对外界环境胁迫的响应方面起着重要作用。DREB类转录因子即干旱应答元件结合蛋白是AP2/EREBP转录因子家族的一个亚家族,拥有保守的AP2结构域,能够与DRE/CRT顺式作用元件特异结合,在非生物逆境胁迫条件下调节一系列下游胁迫诱导逆境应答基因的表达,从而提高植物耐逆性。就DREB转录因子的结构特点、表达调控以及提高转基因植株胁迫耐受性的最新研究成果进行了评述。     

Glutathione as an Antioxidant and Regulatory Molecule in Plants Under Abiotic Stress Conditions

The glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) redox couple is involved in several physiologic processes in plants under both optimal and stress conditions. It participates in the maintenance of redox homeostasis in the cells. The redox state of the GSH/GSSG couple is defined by its reducing capacity and the half-cell reduction potential, and differs in the various organs, tissues, cells, and compartments, changing during the growth and development of the plants. When characterizing this redox couple, the synthesis, degradation, oxidation, and transport of GSH and its conjugation with the sulfhydryl groups of other compounds should be considered. Under optimal growth conditions, the high GSH/GSSG ratio results in a reducing environment in the cells which maintains the appropriate structure and activity of protein molecules because of the inhibition of the formation of intermolecular disulfide bridges. In response to abiotic stresses, the GSH/GSSG ratio decreases due to the oxidation of GSH during the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes in its metabolism. The lower GSH/GSSG ratio activates various defense mechanisms through a redox signalling pathway, which includes several oxidants, antioxidants, and stress hormones. In addition, GSH may control gene expression and the activity of proteins through glutathionylation and thiol-disulfide conversion. This review discusses the size and redox state of the GSH pool, including their regulation, their role in redox signalling and defense processes, and the changes caused by abiotic stress.     

植物热激蛋白与作物非生物抗逆性的改良

文章就植物热激蛋白(Hsps)的种类、产生、生物学功能及其在作物抗逆性改良中的研究进展作介绍。     

GSTs在植物非生物逆境胁迫中的作用

植物在生长过程中会面临各种各样的胁迫,为了自我保护,植物进化出了多种抵御胁迫的策略。植物谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（glutathione-S-transferases,GSTs,EC2.5.1.18）可以催化亲核性的谷胱甘肽（glutathione,GSH）与各种亲电子外源化学物的结合反应,降低细胞体内活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）水平,从而减轻非生物胁迫对植物的损伤。本文主要概述了GSTs在植物抗非生物胁迫的作用。     

Roles of Nitric Oxide in Conferring Multiple Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants and Crosstalk with Other Plant Growth Regulators

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation - Nitric oxide (NO) is a free-radical gasotransmitter signaling molecule associated with a varied spectrum of signal transduction pathways linked to inducing...     

BRs在植物响应非生物胁迫中的作用

油菜素甾体(brassinosteroids,BRs)是植物界普遍存在的一类多羟基化的植物甾体激素,不仅调节植物的生长发育过程,还参与植物对生物和非生物胁迫的响应.概述了BRs的生物合成途径以及信号转导途径,重点阐述了BRs参与非生物胁迫应答的分子机制,展望了BRs未来的研究方向,为深入理解BRs介导的非生物胁迫调控网...     

植物抗非生物胁迫microRNA研究进展

非生物胁迫是导致全球作物减产的重要因素,在植物应对非生物胁迫的生命反应中,编码蛋白的基因起到了非常重要的作用。随着研究的不断深入,发现microRNA(miRNA)在植物抗非生物胁迫中发挥着非常重要的作用。microRNA是一类非编码的RNA,长度约22~24 nt,通过作用于靶基因的mRNA进行调控。miRNA可以在植物应对多种非生物胁迫中发挥作用,如过氧化、营养缺乏、盐碱、干旱及其他机械胁迫等。我们基于目前的研究进展,着重介绍了miRNA的生物合成、作用机制,及其在多种非生物胁迫中的作用。     

Trehalose: A Key Organic Osmolyte Effectively Involved in Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Trehalose is a natural non-reducing sugar that is found in the vast majority of organisms such as bacteria, yeasts, invertebrates and even in plants. Regarding its features, it is considered as a unique compound. It plays a key role as a carbon source in lower organisms and as an osmoprotectant or a stabilizing molecule in higher animals and plants. Although in plants it is present in a minor quantity, its levels rise upon exposure to abiotic stresses. Trehalose is believed to play a protective role against different abiotic stressful cues such as temperature extremes, salinity, desiccation. Moreover, it regulates water use efficiency and stomatal movement in most plants. Detectable endogenous trehalose levels are vital for sustaining growth under stressful cues. Exogenously applied trehalose in low amounts mitigates physiological and biochemical disorders induced by various abiotic stresses, delays leaf abscission and stimulates flowering in crops. External application of trehalose also up-regulates the stress responsive genes in plants exposed to environmental cues. The genetically modified plants with trehalose biosynthesis genes exhibit improved tolerance against stressful conditions. An increased level of trehalose has been observed in transgenic plants over-expressing genes of microbial trehalose biosynthesis. However, these transgenic plants display enhanced tolerance to heat, cold, salinity, and drought tolerance. Due to multiple bio-functions of this sugar, it has gained considerable ground in various fields. However, exogenous use of this bio-safe sugar would only be possible under field conditions upon adopting strategies of low-cost production of trehalose. In short, trehalose is a unique chemical that preserves vitality of plant life under harsh ecological conditions. Certainly, the new findings of this disaccharide will revolutionize a wide array of new avenues.

     

The Role of Salicylic Acid Signal in Plant Growth,Development and Abiotic Stress

In nature, plants are constantly affected by adverse conditions. Unlike animals, plants can resist these adverse stresses only by insisting on their original positions. Stress can be divided into biological stress and abiotic stress, abiotic stress directly affects the growth, development and yield of plants, it spans all developmental stages from seed germination to senescence. In order to adapt to changing environment, plants have evolved well-developed mechanisms that help to perceive the stress signals and enable optimal growth response. Salicylic acid (SA) is an important endogenous signal molecule in plants, which not only regulate some plant growth and development processes, but also plays an important part in plant stress resistance. Much work about salicylic acid has been done on the immunity of plants to pathogens, and the synthesis and signal transduction of SA are clearly understood, its function in plant growth, development and abiotic stress is also well learned, we systemically summarized the multiple function of SA signal in non-pathogen-related response, such review should help us understand the common but essential function of SA signal in modulating plant growth, development and abiotic stress.     

植物microRNAs在植物发育和非生物胁迫响应中的作用

microRNAs(miRNAs)是一类内源的长度约为22个核苷酸的非编码小分子RNA,其通过对靶基因mRNA进行切割或翻译抑制调节mRNA的表达,在植物中起到重要的作用.主要介绍了植物miRNAs的特征、合成和作用机制,综述了miRNAs在植物生长发育和非生物胁迫响应中的作用.     

利用转基因途径提高植物非生物胁迫耐受性的研究进展

包括干旱在内的非生物胁迫是农业生产中导致作物减产的主要因素。利用现代分子生物学技术阐明非生物胁迫耐受性的控制机理,以及工程化胁迫耐受性作物均基于特异胁迫相关基因的表达。因此,发展胁迫耐受性植物的基因工程可能是增强作物品种胁迫耐受性的一条捷径。但转基因品种产生不仅受限于转化过程的是否成功,而且受限于胁迫耐受性是否适当整合;仍需阐明胁迫条件下转基因植物的评价,以及转入基因在整体植株水平的生理效应。综述利用转基因技术提高植物非生物胁迫耐受性的研究进展,讨论在接近大田环境条件下的非生物胁迫响应的评估和转基因植物耐受性的检测标准。     

Role of Glutathione Peroxidases and Peroxiredoxins in Free Radical-Induced Pathologies

Biochemistry (Moscow) - In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of some socially significant diseases associated with the development of oxidative stress, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and...