Characterization of Bifidobacterium apousia sp. nov., Bifidobacterium choladohabitans sp. nov., and Bifidobacterium polysaccharolyticum sp. nov., three novel species of the genus Bifidobacterium from honey bee gut

Bifidobacterium is one of the dominating bacterial genera in the honey bee gut, and they are the key degrader of diet polysaccharides for the host. Previous genomic analysis shows that they belong to separate phylogenetic clusters and exhibited different functional potentials in hemicellulose digestion. Here, three novel strains from the genus Bifidobacterium were isolated from the guts of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). Phylogenomic analysis showed that the isolates could be grouped into four phylogenetic clusters. The average nucleotide identity values between strains from different clusters are <95%, while strains in Cluster IV belong to the characterized species Bifidobacterium asteroides. Carbohydrate-active enzyme annotation confirmed that the metabolic capacity for carbohydrates varied between clusters of strains. Cells are Gram-positive rods; they grew both anaerobically and in a CO₂-enriched atmosphere. All strains grew at a temperature range of 20–42 °C, with optimum growth at 35 °C. The pH range for growth was 5–9. Strains from different phylogenetic clusters varied in multiple phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterizations. Thus, we propose three novel species Bifidobacterium apousia sp. nov. whose type strain is W8102^T (=CGMCC 1.18893 ^T = JCM 34587 ^T), Bifidobacterium choladohabitans sp. nov., whose type strain is B14384H11^T (=CGMCC 1.18892 ^T = JCM 34586 ^T), and Bifidobacterium polysaccharolyticum sp. nov. whose type strain is W8117^T (=CGMCC 1.18894 ^T = JCM 34588 ^T).     

Morphological and genomic characteristics of two novel halotolerant actinomycetes,Tomitella gaofuii sp. nov. and Tomitella fengzijianii sp. nov. isolated from bat faeces

Four white-pigmented, Gram-staining-positive, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming, irregular rod-shaped bacteria were isolated from the faeces of bats collected from Guangxi autonomous region (22°20′54″N, 106°49′20″E; July 28, 2011) and Chongqing city (30°02′15″N, 107°07′4″E; September 1, 2011) of South China. The strains shared 99.3–99.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity by BLAST search among them, and belonged to genus Tomitella according to 16S rRNA gene and genomic sequence-based phylogenetic/phylogenomic analyses. Strains HY172^T and HY188^T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, and arabinose, glucose, galactose or ribose in their whole-cell hydrolysates. Besides sharing phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol and unidentified glycolipid(s) in their polar lipid profiles, additionally HY172^T had one unidentified phosphoglycolipid and three unidentified phospholipids whereas HY188^T had phosphatidyl inositol mannoside and four unidentified aminolipids. The main cellular fatty acids of strains HY172^T and HY188^T were C_16:0, C_18:0 10-methyl, C_18:1ω9c and summed feature 3. The genomic DNA G + C contents of both strains (HY172^T and HY188^T) were 70.9 %. The genus Tomitella contains 2311 core genes, and resuscitation promoting factor (rpf) genes can be found in all members of Tomitella. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values of the four novel strains with other members of the genus Tomitella were within the ranges of 20.1–45.2% and 74.8–91.9%, respectively, all below the respective recommended 70.0% and 95–96% cutoff point. Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses, these four strains could be classified as two novel species of the genus Tomitella, for which the names Tomitella gaofuii sp. nov. and Tomitella fengzijianii sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains are HY172^T (= CGMCC 1.18701^T = JCM 34231^T) and HY188^T (= CGMCC 1.16971^T = JCM 33467^T), respectively.     

Phycicoccus mangrovi sp. nov., a novel endophytic actinobacterium isolated from bark of Sonneratia apetala

Two novel strains KQZ13P-1^T and MAQZ13P-2 were isolated from bark of Sonneratia apetala collected from Maowei sea Mangrove Nature Reserve in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Two strains were Gram-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, no diffusion pigment actinobacterial strains and investigated by a polyphasic approach to determine their taxonomic position. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) value and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) value between the two strains were 99.9% and 99.7%, respectively, suggesting that they belonged to the same species. The ANI and dDDH values between strain KQZ13P-1^T and five Phycicoccus species were 74.4–95.3% and 20.1–61.5%, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the two strains were member of the genus Phycicoccus and were closely related to P. jejuensis NRRL B-24460^T (99.2% sequence similarity), followed by P. ginsengisoli DCY87^T (97.5–97.6%). Moreover, based on 88 core genes, the phylogenomic tree indicated that the two strains clustered with P. jejuensis NRRL B-24460^T. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of both strains contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major fatty acids in two strains were C_17:1ω8c, iso-C_15:0 and iso-C_16:0. The major polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strains KQZ13P-1^T and MAQZ13P-2 represent a novel species of the genus Phycicoccus, for which the name Phycicoccus mangrovi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KQZ13P-1^T (=CGMCC 1.18973^T = JCM 34556^T).     

Salinarubrum litoreum gen. nov., sp. nov.: a new member of the family Halobacteriaceae isolated from Chinese marine solar salterns

Three halophilic archaeal strains, XD46^T, YJ-63-S1 and ZS-1-H, were isolated from three Chinese marine solar salterns. All were observed to have pleomorphic cells that lysed in distilled water, stained Gram-negative and formed red-pigmented colonies. They were found to grow optimally at 37 °C, at pH 7.0 and in the presence of 2.6 M NaCl and 0.05 M Mg²⁺. The major polar lipids were identified as those typical for members of the Halobacteriaceae but also included major glycolipids chromatographically identical to sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether (S-DGD-1), mannosyl glucosyl diether (DGD-1) and two unidentified ones. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the three strains were 99.8–100 % identical, showing most similarity to sequences of members of the family Halobacteriaceae, and clustering together as a distinct clade in phylogenetic tree reconstructions. The rpoB′ gene similarities between the three strains were 98.7–100 % and lower to the sequences of other halobacteria. Their DNA G+C contents were determined to be 65.1–65.5 mol%. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties suggest that strains XD46^T (=CGMCC 1.12237^T = JCM 18649^T), YJ-63-S1 (=CGMCC 1.12574) and ZS-1-H (=CGMCC 1.12544) represent a novel species in a new genus within the family Halobacteriaceae, for which the name Salinarubrum litoreum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.     

Pseudomonas linyingensis sp. nov.: A Novel Bacterium Isolated from Wheat Soil Subjected to Long-term Herbicides Application

A strain of genus Pseudomonas, LYBRD3-7^T was isolated from long-term sulfonylurea herbicides applied wheat-field soil in Linying located in Henan province of China. This strain is a strictly aerobic and Gram-negative short rod-shaped bacterium with single flagellum. Phylogenetic evaluation based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed this isolate as a member of Pseudomonas, and most closely to Pseudomonas tuomuerensis CGMCC 1.1365^T (97.1?%) and P. alcaligenes IAM12411^T (97.1?%). Morphological characters and chemotaxonomic data confirmed the affiliation of strain LYBRD3-7^T to the genus Pseudomonas. The results of phylogenetic analysis, physiological and biochemical studies, and DNA–DNA hybridization allowed the differentiation of genotype and phenotype between strain LYBRD3-7^T and the phylogenetic closest species with valid names. The name proposed for the new species is Pseudomonas linyingensis sp. nov. The type strain is LYBRD3-7^T (=CGMCC 1.10701^T? =LMG 25967^T).     

Altuibacter lentus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from deep seawater of the South China Sea

A novel chemoheterotrophic, aerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented, bacterial strain JLT2010^T was isolated from deep seawater of the South China Sea. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain JLT2010^T belongs to the family Flavobacteriaceae and is most closely related to Ulvibacter antarcticus IMCC3101^T with 95.7 % similarity. Some phenotypic characteristics such as the absence of flexirubin-type pigments, growth at 37 °C, hydrolysis of casein differentiated strain JLT2010^T from the genus Ulvibacter as well as other genera in the family Flavobacteriaceae. The DNA G+C content of the strain JLT2010^T was found to be 35.7 mol% and the major respiratory quinone was found to be MK-6. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic features, JLT2010^T is classified as a novel genus and species within the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Altuibacter lentus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JLT2010^T (=JCM 18884^T = CGMCC 1.12167^T).     

Thaumasiovibrio occultus gen. nov. sp. nov. and Thaumasiovibrio subtropicus sp. nov. within the family Vibrionaceae,isolated from coral reef seawater off Ishigaki Island,Japan

Two phylogenetically distinct Vibrionaceae strains C4II189^T and C4V358^T isolated from reef seawater off Ishigaki Island, Japan, in 2014 were studied with advanced genome-based taxonomy approaches. All aspects of phylogenetic (16S rRNA phylogeny, MLSA), phenotypic and genetic (ANI, DDH, AAI, and the number of core genes) cohesions between the two identified species were high enough to propose them as members of a new genus within the family Vibrionaceae. Consequently, an eighth genus Thaumasiovibrio gen. nov. is proposed that contains two new species Thaumasiovibrio occultus sp. nov. strain C4II189^T (=DSM 101554^T = JCM 31629^T) (type species) and Thaumasiovibrio subtropicus sp. nov. strain C4V358^T (=DSM 101555^T = JCM 31630^T). Thaumasiovibrio species were phylogenetically distinct from the other Vibrionaceae species based on pyrH gene sequences. The combination of catalase negative, sensitivity to vibriostatic agent O/129, and green colony formation on TCBS for the phylogenetically affiliated strains was the diagnostic features for the current tentative identification of this genus.     

Description and genomic characterization of Nocardioides bruguierae sp. nov., isolated from Bruguiera gymnorhiza

Strains BSK12Z-3^T and BSK12Z-4, two Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming strains, were isolated from Shankou Mangrove Nature Reserve, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain BSK12Z-3^T was LL-diaminopimelic acid and MK-8(H₄) was the predominant menaquinone. The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phospholipid (PL). The major fatty acids was iso-C_16:0. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that the two strains fell within the genus Nocardioides, appearing most closely related to Nocardioides ginkgobilobae KCTC 39594^T (97.5–97.6 % sequence similarity) and Nocardioides marinus DSM 18248^T (97.4–97.6 %). Genome-based phylogenetic analysis confirmed that strains BSK12Z-3^T and BSK12Z-4 formed a distinct phylogenetic cluster within the genus Nocardioides. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values of strains BSK12Z-3^T, BSK12Z-4 with their most related species N. marinus DSM18248^T were within the ranges of 77.2–77.3 % and 21.3–21.4 %, respectively, clearly indicated that strains BSK12Z-3^T, BSK12Z-4 represented novel species. Strains BSK12Z-3^T and BSK12Z-4 exhibited 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The ANI and dDDH values between the two strains were 97.8 % and 81.1 %, respectively, suggesting that they belong to the same species. However, DNA fingerprinting discriminated that they were not from one clonal origin. Based on phylogenomic and phylogenetic analyses coupled with phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterizatons, strains BSK12Z-3^T and BSK12Z-4 could be classified as a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides bruguierae sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is BSK12Z-3^T (=CGMCC 4.7709^T = JCM 34554^T).     

Flavobacterium qiangtangensis sp. nov., Isolated from Qiangtang Basin in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China

A flexirubin-type yellow-pigmented, non-gliding, non-flagellated, gram-negative bacterium strain, designated F3^T, was isolated from a drilling core sample of the Qiangtang basin, Qinghai-Tibetan plateau, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain F3^T belongs to the genus Flavobacterium, with the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the Flavobacterium noncentrifugens CGMCC 1.10076^T (94.92 %). Strain F3^T grew optimally at temperature about 20 °C, at pH about 7.0–8.0, at NaCl concentration 0 % (w/v). The DNA G+C content of the isolate was 35.5 mol%. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine, predominant cellular fatty acids of the strain was iso-C_15:0 (22.02 %), while the major menaquinone was menaquinone 6. Due to the phenotypic and genetic distinctiveness and several other characteristic studied in this article, we consider F3^T as a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, and propose to name it Flavobacterium qiangtangensis sp. nov. The type strain is F3^T (=CGMCC 1.12706^T = JCM 19739^T).     

Complete genome sequence of Halomicrobium mukohataei type strain (arg-2)

Halomicrobium mukohataei (Ihara et al. 1997) Oren et al. 2002 is the type species of the genus Halomicrobium. It is of phylogenetic interest because of its isolated location within the large euryarchaeal family Halobacteriaceae. H. mukohataei is an extreme halophile that grows essentially aerobically, but can also grow anaerobically under a change of morphology and with nitrate as electron acceptor. The strain, whose genome is described in this report, is a free-living, motile, Gram-negative euryarchaeon, originally isolated from Salinas Grandes in Jujuy, Andes highlands, Argentina. Its genome contains three genes for the 16S rRNA that differ from each other by up to 9%. Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome sequence and annotation. This is the first completed genome sequence from the poorly populated genus Halomicrobium, and the 3,332,349 bp long genome (chromosome and one plasmid) with its 3416 protein-coding and 56 RNA genes is part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Streptomyces gamaensis</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel actinomycete with antifungal activity isolated from soil in Gama,Chad

During an investigation exploring potential sources of novel species and natural products, a novel actinomycete with antifungal activity, designated strain NEAU-Gz11^T, was isolated from a soil sample, which was collected from Gama, Chad. The isolate was found to have morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of members of the genus Streptomyces. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies showed that strain NEAU-Gz11^T belongs to the genus Streptomyces with high sequence similarity to Streptomyces hiroshimensis JCM 4098^T (98.0 %). Similarities to other type strains of the genus Streptomyces were lower than 98.0 %. However, the physiological and biochemical characteristics and low levels of DNA–DNA relatedness could differentiate the isolate genotypically and phenotypically from S. hiroshimensis JCM 4098^T. Therefore, the strain is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces gamaensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-Gz11^T (=CGMCC 4.7304^T=DSM 101531^T).     

Flavobacterium aquaticum sp. nov., a member of the Bacteroidetes isolated from a freshwater reservoir

A novel bacterial strain, designated ARSA-111^T, was isolated from a freshwater reservoir in Cheonan, Korea. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that the isolate belonged to the genus Flavobacterium of phylum Bacteroidetes. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain ARSA-111^T showed a high degree of sequence similarity to those of Flavobacteium cheonanense KACC 14972^T (97.3%), F. aquatile JCM 20475^T (97.1%), and other type strains of the genus Flavobacterium (< 97.0%). The phylogenetic tree and network analysis (i.e. median-joining) based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ARSA-111^T is most closely related to F. aquatile JCM 20475^T. DNA-DNA hybridization experiment revealed 70% of genomic relatedness among strain ARSA-111^T, F. aquatile JCM 20475^T and F. cheonanense KACC 14972^T. The isolate had iso-C_15:1, iso-C_15:0, and iso-C_15:0 3-OH as predominant cellular fatty acids and MK-6 as a predominant menaquinone. The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate was 35.6 mol%. On the basis of these data, strain ARSA-111^T is considered to be a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium aquaticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain ARSA-111^T (=KACC 14973^T =KCTC 23185^T = JCM 17070^T).     

Halomonas alkalisoli sp. nov., a novel haloalkalophilic species from saline-alkaline soil,and reclassification of Halomonas daqingensis Wu et al. 2008 as a later heterotypic synonym of Halomonas desiderata Berendes et al. 1996

Two Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped bacteria, designated M5N1S17^T and M5N1S15, were isolated from saline soil in Baotou, China. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the two strains clustered closely with Halomonas montanilacus PYC7W^T and shared 99.1 and 99.3% sequence similarities, respectively. The average nucleotide identity based on BLAST (ANIb) and MUMmer (ANIm) values of the two strains with each other were 95.5% and 96.7%, respectively, while the ANIb and ANIm values between the two strains and 15 closer Halomonas species were 74.8–91.3% and 84.1–92.6%, respectively. The major polar lipids of M5N1S17^T are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and an unidentified phospholipid. The major polar lipids of M5N1S15 are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unidentified phospholipids, and an unidentified lipid. The predominant ubiquinone in the two strains is Q-9. The major fatty acids of the two strains are C_18:1 ω6c and/or C_18:1 ω7c, C_16:0, and C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c. Based on phylogenetic, phenotypic, and physiological results, strains M5N1S17^T and M5N1S15 should be identified as a novel species of the genus Halomonas, for which Halomonas alkalisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M5N1S17^T (= CGMCC 1.19023^T = KCTC 92130^T). The phylogenetic trees showed that Halomonas daqingensis CGMCC 1.6443^T clustered tightly with Halomonas desiderata FB2^T, and the two strains shared >98.0% of ANI values with each other. Therefore, we propose the reclassification of H. daqingensis Wu et al. 2008 as a later heterotypic synonym of H. desiderata Berendes et al. 1996.     

Luteimonas dalianensis sp. nov., an obligate marine bacterium isolated from seawater

A marine bacterial strain, designated OB44-3^T, was isolated from a crude oil-contaminated seawater sample collected near Dalian Bay, China. Cells of strain OB44-3^T were Gramnegative, aerobic, rod-shaped, and oxidase- and catalasepositive. The major fatty acids were branched-chain saturated iso-C_15:0 (27.9%) and unsaturated iso-C_17:1 ω9c (14.8%). The DNA G+C content was 64.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain OB44-3^T was a member of the genus Luteimonas (95–96% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity); its closest neighbors were the type strains of Luteimonas terricola (96% sequence similarity), Luteimonas mephitis (96%), and Luteimonas lutimaris (96%). On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain OB44-3^T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Luteimonas. The name Luteimonas dalianensis sp. nov. is proposed, with strain OB44-3^T (=CGMCC 1.12191^T =JCM 18136^T) as the type strain.     

Marinobacter nanhaiticus sp. nov., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from the sediment of the South China Sea

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, slightly halophilic and facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain D15-8W^T, was isolated from the sediment of the South China Sea. Growth was found to occur optimally at 25 °C, between pH 7.0 and 8.0 and with 1–5 % (w/v) NaCl. The strain was observed to utilize a variety of organic substrates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as sole carbon sources. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 58.7 %. The predominant respiratory quinone was found to be Q-9. The significant fatty acids were determined to be C_16:0, C_16:1 ω9c, C_18:1 ω9c, C_12:0 and C_14:0 3OH. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain D15-8W^T fits within the phylogenetic cluster of the genus Marinobacter and is most closely related to Marinobacter segnicrescens CGMCC 1.6489^T, Marinobacter bryozoorum DSM 15401^T, Marinobacter lacisalsi CECT 7297^T and Marinobacter daqiaonensis CGMCC1.9167^T. The DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain D15-8W^T and the type strains of the most closely related species were 42.3 % (CGMCC 1.6489^T), 39.8 % (DSM 15401^T), 37.3 % (CECT 7297^T) and 35.2 % (CGMCC1.9167^T). The results of this polyphasic study indicate that strain D15-8W^T represents a novel species of the genus Marinobacter, for which the name Marinobacter nanhaiticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D15-8W^T (=CGMCC 1.11019^T=KCTC 23749^T).     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Promicromonospora viridis</Emphasis> sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from soil

Two Gram-stain positive, aerobic actinomycete strains, designated NEAU-JGR1^T and NEAU-JGC41, were isolated from soil collected from Fairy Lake Botanical Garden in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, south of China. The 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis showed that the two strains exhibited 99.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other and were closely related to Promicromonospora thailandica JCM 17130^T (99.4, 99.3%) and Promicromonospora citrea DSM 43110^T (99.2, 99.2%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains clustered together and formed a cluster with P. thailandica JCM 17130^T and P. citrea DSM 43110^T. Both strains were observed to contain MK-9(H₄) and MK-9(H₂) as predominant menaquinones. Their whole cell sugar profiles were found to main contained rhamnose, ribose, glucose and galactose. The phospholipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, glycophosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannoside, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified phospholipid. The predominant cellular fatty acids for the two strains were identified as anteiso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:0 and anteiso-C_17:0. The DNA–DNA hybridization value between strains NEAU-JGR1^T and NEAU-JGC41 was 85.1?±?0.3%, and the values between the two strains and their close phylogenetic relatives were well below 70%, supporting the conclusion that they represent a distinct genomic species. An array of phenotypic characteristics also differentiated the isolates from closely related species. On the basis of the genetic and phenotypic properties, strains NEAU-JGR1^T and NEAU-JGC41 can be classified as representatives of a novel species of the genus Promicromonospora, for which the name Promicromonospora viridis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is NEAU-JGR1^T (=?DSM 105536^T?=?CGMCC 4.7473^T).     

Aliarcobacter vitoriensis sp. nov., isolated from carrot and urban wastewater

Two isolates, one recovered from a carrot and another one from urban wastewater, were characterized using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that both isolates clustered together, and were most closely related to Aliarcobacter lanthieri. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis (MLPA) using the concatenated sequences of five housekeeping genes (atpA, gyrA, gyrB, hsp60 and rpoB) suggested that these isolates formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage among the genera derived from the former genus Arcobacter. Whole-genome sequence, in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (isDDH) and the average nucleotide identity (ANI) value between the genome of strain F199^T and those of related species confirmed that these isolates represent a novel species. These strains can be differentiated from its phylogenetically closest species A. lanthieri by its inability to growth on 1% glycine and by their enzyme activity of esterase lipase (C8) and acid phosphatase. Our results, by the application of a polyphasic analysis, confirmed that these two isolates represent a novel species of the genus Aliarcobacter, for which the name Aliarcobacter vitoriensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is F199^T (=CECT 9230^T=LMG 30050^T).