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1.
Advances in biotechnology have now created a capacity to produce therapeutically active proteins on a commercial scale, opening
the potential for their application in an array of disease conditions. The process of translation of the variety of different
therapeutic proteins into the medicines used in clinics is now occurring. To assist in this translation, new formulations
to deliver proteins could play an important role. These new formulations need to more adequately address the pharmacological
and therapeutic requirement for each particular protein/peptide and, in that way, either improve present therapies or extend
with new entries the current list of protein based medicines used in clinic.
相似文献
Snjezana StolnikEmail: |
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Jane E. Schultz 《Journal of bioethical inquiry》2007,4(2):93-102
In researching the biomedically-engineered drug Neulasta (filgrastim), a breast cancer patient becomes aware of the extent
to which knowledge about the development and marketing of drugs influences her decisions with regard to treatment. Time spent
on understanding the commercial interests of insurers and pharmaceutical companies initially thwarts but ultimately aids the
healing process. This first-person narrative calls for physicians to recognize that the alignment of commercial interests
transgresses the patient’s humanity.
相似文献
Jane E. SchultzEmail: |
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The paper introduces a novel computational approach to brain dynamics modeling that integrates dynamic gene–protein regulatory
networks with a neural network model. Interaction of genes and proteins in neurons affects the dynamics of the whole neural
network. Through tuning the gene–protein interaction network and the initial gene/protein expression values, different states
of the neural network dynamics can be achieved. A generic computational neurogenetic model is introduced that implements this
approach. It is illustrated by means of a simple neurogenetic model of a spiking neural network of the generation of local
field potential. Our approach allows for investigation of how deleted or mutated genes can alter the dynamics of a model neural
network. We conclude with the proposal how to extend this approach to model cognitive neurodynamics.
相似文献
Nikola KasabovEmail: |
6.
Sub-Antarctic Marion Island has had a permanent research station for 50 years and the islands Wandering Albatrosses have been intensively studied for 20 years. The reactions of breeding birds to approaches by a human on foot were recorded. Three response variables were calculated: intensity of vocal reaction (IVR), intensity of non-vocal reaction (INR) and overall response index (ORI). At 5 m from the nest, twice as many birds stood and/or vocalised as at 15 m. Nearest neighbour distance, age and gender did not explain individual variability of responses. Study colony birds had higher IVR scores than non-study colony birds; birds at colonies closest to the station had the highest ORI scores. A better breeding record was associated with lower IVR and ORI scores, but a causative relationship remains to be demonstrated. A minimum viewing distance of 25 m is recommended for breeding Wandering Albatrosses.
相似文献
Marienne S. de VilliersEmail: Fax: +27-21-6503434 |
John CooperEmail: |
Peter G. RyanEmail: |
7.
Douglas Medin Norbert Ross Douglas Cox Scott Atran 《Human ecology: an interdisciplinary journal》2007,35(3):315-329
There is a continuing controversy over Native American fishing and hunting rights. We show that Native American (Menominee)
and European American fish experts have a common knowledge base and share values and attitudes associated with fishing practices
(though organized around different ethical principles). Nonetheless, perceived group differences are dramatic (especially European American perceptions of Native Americans). Cultural differences in models
of nature and associated inference processes appear to mediate these stereotypes and may hold the key to reducing intergroup
conflict over resources.
相似文献
Douglas MedinEmail: |
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Michael Weisberg 《Biology & philosophy》2006,21(5):623-645
This paper is an interpretation and defense of Richard Levins’ “The Strategy of Model Building in Population Biology,” which
has been extremely influential among biologists since its publication 40 years ago. In this article, Levins confronted some
of the deepest philosophical issues surrounding modeling and theory construction. By way of interpretation, I discuss each
of Levins’ major philosophical themes: the problem of complexity, the brute-force approach, the existence and consequence
of tradeoffs, and robustness analysis. I argue that Levins’ article is concerned, at its core, with justifying the use of
multiple, idealized models in population biology.
相似文献
Michael WeisbergEmail: |
11.
A key point in the analysis of dynamical models of biological systems is to handle systems of relatively high dimensions.
In the present paper we propose a method to hierarchically organize a certain type of piecewise affine (PWA) differential
systems. This specific class of systems has been extensively studied for the past few years, as it provides a good framework
to model gene regulatory networks. The method, shown on several examples, allows a qualitative analysis of the asymptotic
behavior of a PWA system, decomposing it into several smaller subsystems. This technique, based on the well-known strongly
connected components decomposition, is not new. However, its adaptation to the non-smooth PWA differential equations turns
out to be quite relevant because of the strong discrete structure underlying these equations. Its biological relevance is
shown on a 7-dimensional PWA system modeling the gene network responsible for the carbon starvation response in Escherichia coli.
相似文献
Laurent Tournier (Corresponding author)Email: |
Jean-Luc GouzéEmail: |
12.
We present two computational models (i) long-range horizontal connections and the nonlinear effect in V1 and (ii) the filling-in
process at the blind spot. Both models are obtained deductively from standard regularization theory to show that physiological
evidence of V1 and V2 neural properties is essential for efficient image processing. We stress that the engineering approach
should be imported to understand visual systems computationally, even though this approach usually ignores physiological evidence
and the target is neither neurons nor the brain.
相似文献
Shunji SatohEmail: |
13.
The recent contribution by Jarmila Kukalová-Peck on Hennigian phylogenetics and hexapod limb evolution is critically evaluated.
相似文献
Michael S. Engel (Corresponding author)Email: |
14.
Strategies of abstraction 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Richard Levins 《Biology & philosophy》2006,21(5):741-755
Abstraction is seen as an active process which both enlightens and obscures. Abstractions are not true or false but relatively
enlightening or obscuring according to the problem under study; different abstractions may grasp different aspects of a problem.
Abstractions may be useless if they can answer questions only about themselves. A theoretical enterprise explores reality
through acluster of abstractions that use different perspectives, temporal and horizontal scales, and assumes different givens.
相似文献
Richard LevinsEmail: |
15.
Event-related brain potentials (ERP) are important neural correlates of cognitive processes. In the domain of language processing,
the N400 and P600 reflect lexical-semantic integration and syntactic processing problems, respectively. We suggest an interpretation
of these markers in terms of dynamical system theory and present two nonlinear dynamical models for syntactic computations
where different processing strategies correspond to functionally different regions in the system’s phase space.
相似文献
Peter beim GrabenEmail: |
16.
Peter Godfrey-Smith 《Biology & philosophy》2007,22(3):429-437
Jablonka and Lamb's claim that evolutionary biology is undergoing a ‘revolution’ is queried. But the very concept of revolutionary
change has uncertain application to a field organized in the manner of contemporary biology. The explanatory primacy of sequence
properties is also discussed.
相似文献
Peter Godfrey-SmithEmail: |
17.
Terry Harmer 《Cluster computing》2007,10(3):277-285
Gridcast is an R&D project investigating grid ideas and technologies in the broadcasting technical infrastructure. In this
paper I discuss the business and technical issues in building infrastructures to support broadcasters and outline the structure
of the Gridcast grid-based service oriented architecture for broadcasting playout support.
相似文献
Terry HarmerEmail: |
18.
We develop a formal framework for the optimal allocation of limited resources that includes and clarifies the interplay between
individual optimization and the resulting effects at the population level. As an example, in regard to the evolution of sexual
recombination, the paradox of the twofold cost of sex is avoided by distinguishing between the evolution of recombination
and the subsequent emergence and stability of different mating types as a result of individual optimization within a population
that benefits from recombination.
相似文献
John PepperEmail: |
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With the increased complexity of platforms, the growing demand of applications and data centers’ servers sprawl, power consumption
is reaching unsustainable limits. The need to improved power management is becoming essential for many reasons including reduced
power consumption & cooling, improved density, reliability & compliance with environmental standards. This paper presents
a theoretical framework and methodology for autonomic power and performance management in e-business data centers. We optimize
for power and performance (performance-per-watt) at each level of the hierarchy while maintaining scalability. We adopt mathematically-rigorous
optimization approach to minimize power while meeting performance constraints. Our experimental results show around 72% savings
in power while maintaining performance as compared to static power management techniques and 69.8% additional savings with
both global and local optimizations.
相似文献
Mazin S. YousifEmail: |