Taxonomical remarks on theStachys recta group

The division of the speciesStachys recta into four subspecies is proposed. Besides the nominate subspecies, subsp.grandiflora (Caruel) Arcangeli, subsp.subcrenata (Vis.) Briq. and the newly combinedS. recta subsp.rhodopaea (Vel.) Chrtek jun. are described. The last subspecies differs from the others mainly by the calyx shape (infundibular here) and by the calyx teeth which are about as long as the tube. It is distributed in Macedonia and Bulgaria. A determination key to the species of theS. recta group is provided.     

Nomenclatural remarks on the Salix viminalis group in Norden

Larsson, G. 1995. Nomenclatural remarks on the Salix viminalis group in Norden. —Nord. J. Bot. 15: 343–346. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–05513.
The taxa in the Salix viminalis group which have been found in Norden are lectotyp-ified: S. viminalis, S. dasyclados, S . x smithiana, S . x stipularis and S . x calodendron . Flora Nordica notes no. 12.     

Numerical taxonomy of pseudomonads of the diminuta group

The taxonomy of the "diminuta" group is discussed. The method of numerical taxonomy was used to characterize 135 strains of 10 species belonging to Pseudomonas, Gluconobacter and Acetobacter in terms of sixty phenotypical features. The similarity coefficients of the strains were calculated with computers. According to the data of numerical analysis, the species P. diminuta and P. vesiculare represent a single phenon different from Pseudomonas, Gluconobacter and Acetobacter species.     

On the taxonomy ofPuccinia sieversiae Arth. and some remarks on the phylogeny of the rusts onGeeae

Puccinia tatrensis Urban onGeum reptans in Czechoslovakia is recognized as a subspecies ofPuccinia sieversiae Arth.Puccinia waldsteiniae, P. gei andP. gei-parviflori appear to be the most ancient rusts known on the tribeGeeae and it is assumed that their common ancestral form was already present in the Cretaceous period.Puccinia sieversiae is more advanced and has its centre of origin and spread in Central Asia. Phylogenetically most advanced and at the same time most differentiated from each other are species ofPhragmidium, i.e.P. circumvallatum andP. miyabeanum.     

Polyphasic approach to the taxonomy of the Rhizopus stolonifer group

Phylogenetic analysis of Rhizopus strains based on the D1/D2 region of LSU rDNA sequences yielded a phylogram with four well-supported clades. The R. microsporus clade concurs with classification obtained by traditional methods. The R. oryzae group was found to include species of the genus Amylomyces. The traditional R. stolonifer group was divided into two well-supported clades in the phylogram, with one clade comprising R. stolonifer var. stolonifer, R. sexualis var. sexualis, and R. sexualis var. americanus and the other clade comprising taxa with recurved sporangiophores; R. reflexus, R. stolonifer var. lyococcus, and R. circinans, identifying recurved sporangiophores as an important taxonomic character. The molecular data supported the recognition of this clade at the species level: R. lyococcus (basionym: Sporotrichum lyococcum).     

A contribution to the knowledge of epiphyllous bryophytes of Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea), including additional remarks on non-epiphyllous species

Abstract

A collection of epiphyllous bryophytes from Bioko Island was investigated. It contained 57 epiphyllous bryophytes, comprising 55 hepatics and two mosses. Three taxa, Cololejeunea eustacei Pócs, Colura calderae Pócs and Lejeunea halei Robinson subsp. africana Pócs, are new to science. Cololejeunea papilliloba Steph. is new to Africa, five species of hepatics are new to West Africa, and an additional 31 species of hepatics are newly reported from Bioko Island. The second part of the paper deals with records of non-epiphyllous collections. Fourteen species are reported for the first time for Bioko Island. Actinodontium dusenii Broth. is made a synonym of Actinodontium streptopogoneum Broth. The following new combination is proposed: Wijkia rigidicaule (Müll.Hal. ex Broth.) Frank Müll., comb. nov. (Basionym: Acanthocladium rigidicaule Müll.Hal. ex Broth.).     

A specification of numerical taxonomy: Thermodynamical taxonomy

Thermodynamic taxonomy (ThT) is established from both a theoretical and pragmatical point of view. An application of thermodynamic taxonomy is given.     

The history, biology, and taxonomy of the Cytophaga group.

The first section of this review covers the important characteristics of the genera Cytophaga and Sporocytophaga. The topics discussed include vegetative cell structure, the spreading habit, and degradation of macromolecules. A historical account of these two genera follows, together with a discussion on the definition of, and species differentiation with the genus Cytophaga, and on the taxonomy of Sporocytophaga. The third section deals with the relationships of the cytophagas with the flavobacteria and includes a brief history of Flavobacterium, reassignation of some species to Cytophaga, differentiation from Cytophaga, and a discussion on the definition of the genus Flavobacterium. This is followed by a section dealing with the relationship of Cytophaga with the flexibacteria, starting with an introduction to the diversity of flexing organisms and taxonomic developments, and proceeding with the differentiation within the family Cytophagaceae, and species differentiation in Flexibacter. The concluding section includes a proposed redefinition of Cytophaga, a proposal regarding species conservation in this genus, and discussions on the relationship between the cytophagas and the myxobacteria and on the significance of cytophagas in the environment. The characteristics of all described species of Cytophaga, Flexibacter, and relevant flavobacteria are tabulated and a bibliography is presented.     

Development ofPotamogeton pectinatus in heated water of the Patnowskie Lake

The rate of individual development and biomass of two subpopulations ofPotamogeton pectinatus were measured in the heated and cool zones of the Patnowskie Lake in central Poland.P. pectinatus from the heated zone terminated its vegetation six days earlier than individuals from the cool zone. The rate of plant development and individual plant size from both stands were compared during their whole seasonal life cycle. At the final stage of development, the individuals from the heated zone were smaller than those from the cool zone. The data obtained from the measurements were treated by statistical analysis using the MANOVATEST.     

川蔓藻属系统分类和演化评述

川蔓藻属Ruppia为沉水单子叶植物,世界广布,主要为咸水和盐水生境,具有重要的生态价值、环境指示作用以及植物系统学研究意义.长期以来,川蔓藻属内种的数目以及属的系统位置一直存在争议.根据已有研究资料,目前川蔓藻属共有5个种--R.maritima、R cirrhosa、R. tuberosa、R, megacarpa和R.tuberosa、R.megacarpa和R.palycarpa得到多数学者的认可.关于其系统位置,主要有隶属于眼子菜科Potamogetonaceae和独立成川蔓藻科Ruppiaceae两种观点.尽管目前许多被子植物分类系统都承认了川蔓藻科.近年来分子系统学研究显示川蔓藻属与丝粉藻科cymodoceaceae和波喜荡科Posidoniaceae有近的亲缘关系,但对川蔓藻属和眼子菜属Potamogeton区别特征的比较结果倾向于支持将其放在眼子菜科.本文还结合川蔓藻属及相关类群的化石记录和果实特征对其演化进行了初步探讨,化石属Limnocarpus和Midravalva被认为是川蔓藻属较早的祖先类群,并认为该属植物应该是由淡水祖先逐渐演变成现在的咸水生长植物.最后,提出了在川蔓藻属未来研究中有待进一步解决的问题.     

A genetic contribution to the taxonomy ofOenothera sect.Oenothera (including subsectionsEuoenothera,Emersonia, Raimannia andMunzia)

Based on an analysis of results from experimental hybridization, the plants assigned byMunz toOenothera subg.Oenothera and subg.Raimannia, now divided into approximately 76 species, are referred to a single section,Oenothera. This section is in turn divided into five subsections:Euoenothera, Munzia, Raimannia, Emersonia, and an undescribed group of three species related toOenothera pubescens. Euoenothera is maintained in the traditional sense, and includes about 14 species of North America, widely naturalized elsewhere.Munzia consists of 45 species, comprising three series, and native to South America.Raimannia is restricted to a group of approximately 11 North American species.Emersonia comprises four rather heterogenous species of northern Mexico and southern New Mexico, of whichOenothera macrosceles, O. maysillesii, andO. organensis have been described. Within these four subsections, interspecific hybrids can be made in general, although plastid differentiation often leads to incompatibilities. With varying degrees of difficulty, hybrids were produced in all intersectional combinations involvingEuoenothera, Emersonia, Munzia, andRaimannia, the most difficult being those betweenEmersonia andRaimannia. Based on their habit and distribution,Emersonia species, and especiallyOenothera maysillesii, appear to resemble most closely the common ancestor of the section,Euoenothera andMunzia to have been derived from it or its common ancestor, andRaimannia perhaps to be more closely related to the phylogenetic branch that leads toEuoenothera.     

Fluorescence studies on some hydroxypyridines including compounds of the vitamin B6 group

1. The variations with pH (from 36n-sulphuric acid to 10n-sodium hydroxide) of the excitation and fluorescence wavelengths and fluorescence intensity of 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxypyridine and their O- and N-methyl derivatives were investigated. 2. 4-Hydroxy- and 4-methoxy-pyridine were non-fluorescent at all pH values. 3. The cations and dipolar ions of the 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives and the anion of 3-hydroxypyridine were fluorescent, but the neutral forms were not. 4. All the forms of the 2-hydroxypyridine derivatives were fluorescent. 5. Pyridoxol, pyridoxal and its 5-phosphate, pyridoxamine and pyridoxic acid and its lactone were studied similarly. All these compounds, except pyridoxal 5-phosphate, were more fluorescent than 3-hydroxypyridine. 6. The most fluorescent forms of these compounds are the anions, except for pyridoxol, where the dipolar ion was the most fluorescent form. The least fluorescent forms are the neutral molecules. The dipolar ions were appreciably fluorescent in all cases. 7. The most fluorescent form examined was the dianion of pyridoxic acid lactone. 8. The cations were all fluorescent except the cations of 2- and 3-methoxypyridine. All the cations showed excited-state ionization. The excited pK(a) values of these cations were determined and the results are discussed with reference to Weller's (1952) equation relating ground- and excited-state dissociation constants. 9. The pK(a) values for all ionizations undergone by the compounds examined were determined from fluorescence data. 10. Stokes shifts for the various ionic and neutral species of the compounds examined were calculated and are discussed.     

A few remarks on the morphogenesis of the larynx.

After having reviewed the principal theories regarding the development of the larynx the authors performed a study on the morphogenesis of the above structure using four horizontally- and sagitally-sectioned human embryos. The conclusion of a study of these sections is that the LC constitutes the primordium of the laryngeal vestibule. From its lateral margin, caudally (Stage 19, Carnegie System), the primitive ventricles begin to form, while in the final stages the EL extends caudally enclosing a small cephalic infraglottic area and therefore completely separating the IG from the LC. Such findings in our opinion would confirm a different embryological derivation of the laryngeal cavity above and below the glottis.