Metabolism of β-ionone. Isolation, characterization and identification of the metabolites in the urine of rabbits

1. Rabbits dosed orally with beta-ionone excreted in the urine unchanged beta-ionone, 3-oxo-beta-ionone, 3-oxo-beta-ionol, dihydro-3-oxo-beta-ionol and 3-hydroxy-beta-ionol. 2. Excretion products were isolated as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives (beta-ionone, 3-oxo-beta-ionone, 3-oxo-beta-ionol and dihydro-3-oxo-beta-ionol) and as p-nitrobenzoate derivatives (3-oxo-beta-ionol, dihydro-3-oxo-beta-ionol and 3-hydroxy-beta-ionol), which were characterized and identified by comparison with the synthetic authentic compounds. 3. The glucuronides of 3-oxo-beta-ionol and dihydro-3-oxo-beta-ionol were also detected in the urine. The latter compound was isolated as free glucuronide, sodium salt and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone.     

Characterization of microbial polythioesters: physical properties of novel copolymers synthesized by Ralstonia eutropha

Various samples of polythioesters with different contents of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3MP) or 3-mercaptobutyric acid (3MB) as one comonomer and with 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3HB) as the second constituent were produced by cultivating cells of Ralstonia eutropha strain H16 in mineral salts medium containing 3MP or 3MB plus gluconate as carbon sources. Fermentations were done also at the 30-L scale. The various samples were cast as films from chloroform and the following were recorded: melting point, solid-state NMR, X-ray diffraction. The copolyester poly(3HB-co-3MP) displayed mutiple melting peaks corresponding to separate phases rich in 3MP and 3HB. The copolyester poly(3HB-co-3MB) displayed very low crystallinity and melting points higher than that of poly(3HB) when the 3HB content was 40% or less.     

含抗菌肽酵母工程菌对肉仔鸡肠道菌群和免疫功能的影响

目的 研究含抗菌肽（Cec Md、3cs、3js）酵母工程菌对肉仔鸡肠道菌群和免疫功能的影响。方法 采用随机试验设计的方法,选用1日龄健康爱拔益加肉仔鸡400只,随机分成5组,每组设4个重复,每个重复20只鸡（雌雄各半）。空白对照组常规饮水,抗生素组在饮水中添加50 mg/L的泰乐菌素,抗菌肽实验组分别在饮水中添加8 mg/L含Cec Md、3cs和3js酵母工程菌,实验期42 d。结果 （1）Cec Md组的第1、4和5周及3cs组第3、5周的大肠埃希菌数量显著低于空白对照组（P<0.05）;Cec Md组和3cs组的第2至第6周及3js组的第2至第4周沙门菌数量显著低于空白对照组（P<0.05）;Cec Md组的第4至第6周及3cs组和3js组的第5周的乳杆菌数量显著高于空白对照组（P<0.05）;Cec Md组的第2、3、5周和6周及3cs组第5、6周及3js组的第3至第6周的双歧杆菌数量显著高于空白对照组（P<0.05）。（2）Cec Md组的第3、5周及3cs和3js组的第6周的IgA含量显著高于空白对照组（P<0.05）;Cec Md组和3js组的第3周的IgG含量显著高于空白对照组（P<0.05）。3js组的第1周的IgM含量显著高于空白对照组（P<0.05）,Cec Md组第4、5周的IgE含量显著高于空白对照组（P<0.05）。结论 含抗菌肽Cec Md、3cs和3js酵母工程菌可以抑制肉仔鸡肠道有害菌群的生长,促进其有益菌群的增殖,且可以改善肉仔鸡的免疫功能。     

Serum protein groups (Hp, GC, C3) in patients with gastric carcinoma.

The phenotypes and gene frequencies of 3 serum protein systems (Hp, GC and C3) were studied in 114 consecutive patients from all over Greece with gastric carcinoma. Healthy Greeks studied previously in our Department served as controls. No significant differences were found between patients and controls concerning Hp. Significant differences were found in the GC and C3 systems; GC 2-1 and C3F phenotype as well as C3*F gene frequencies were significantly higher in patients than in controls.     

人MCP cDNA在NIH3T3细胞中表达及功能研究

通过构建表达人膜辅因子蛋白ＭＣＰ编码区全长ｃＤＮＡ的重级载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３ＭＣＰ,以磷酸钙沉淀法转染ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞,用Ｇ４１８筛选阳性克隆,并鉴定ＭＣＰ ｃＤＮＡ在细胞中的表达。将血清梯度稀释并与细胞孵育,然后检测细胞活力：灭活的人血清不能引起对照细胞与ＭＣＰ转染细胞的胞毒作用,而新鲜人血清可使对照细胞发生补体依赖的细胞毒反应,ＭＣＰ转染细胞由于ＭＣＰ蛋白的合成,细胞受到保护不发生该反应。另外,Ｍ     

Synthesis of deoxy and acylamino derivatives of lactose and use of these for probing the active site of Neisseria meningitidis N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase

Derivatives of lactose with the galactose ring substituents replaced by deoxy or acylamino functions were prepared. The 2'-, 3'-, 4'- and 6'-deoxy, 3'-acetamido and 3'-benzamido derivatives of phenyl 4-O-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (phenyl beta-lactoside) were synthesized from disaccharide or monosaccharide precursors. The derivatives were tested as substrates for the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase from Neisseria meningitidis, which uses lactosyl derivatives as acceptors and UDP-GlcNAc as the donor in a beta-(1-->3) glycosylation reaction. The 6'-deoxy derivative was nearly threefold as active as phenyl beta-lactoside, whereas the 2'- and 4'-deoxy derivatives were less active. The other derivatives were inactive, as expected.     

Malonylated Anthocyanins from Bulbs of Red Onion,Allium cepa L.

Four cyanidin-based anthocyanins (1–4) were isolated from the red onion, Allium cepa L. Pigments 1 and 3 were identified as cyanidin 3-glucoside (Cy 3-Glc) and 3-malonylglucoside (Cy 3-MaGlc), respectively, by cochromatography with standard pigments. Anthocyanins 2 and 4 were respectively determined as cyanidin 3-laminaribioside (Cy 3-Lam) and 3-malonyllaminaribioside (Cy 3-MaLam), a new anthocyanin, mainly by NMR tech-niques. Malonylated anthocyanins 3 and 4 were found for the first time in red onions.     

Identification of different chemoreceptors by electroantennogram-recording

Electroantennogram (EAG) responses to single chemicals as well as to binary mixtures were recorded from the funiculus of wild-type Drosophila. Responses to 4-methylcyclohexanol and to 3-octanol were additive when both chemcials were given in a binary mixture, while responses to 3-nonanol and 3-octanol were not. This is interpreted as the first odour pair acting on different receptor types (4-MCH receptor and 3-OCT receptor) and the second acting on the same receptor type (3-OCT receptor), but with different affinity.     

蛹虫草SN3菌株生物学特性及栽培学特性研究

对采自沈阳棋盘山的蛹虫草SN3菌株的生物学特性及栽培学特性进行了研究。结果表明：在生物学特性上蛹虫草SN3菌株与人工栽培常用的SN1和E3菌株基本一致,其在培养皿生长过程中菌丝的变化及在不同光照、温度、碳源、氮源、pH值时其生长状况与SN1和E3菌株差别不显著;而瓶栽时,其子实体产量及经济性状都优于SN1和E3菌株,其产量分别比SN1和E3菌株高4．9％和17．4％;其草的平均长度大于SN1和E3菌株,而且其子实体头部大,子囊壳丰富,颜色橘黄,出草整齐均匀,这是该菌株的最大特点和优点,具有较高的经济价值,是值得开发和推广的好品种。     

Retracted: Long noncoding RNA MEG3 inhibits proliferation and migration but induces autophagy by regulation of Sirt7 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in glioma cells

Glioma is a common primary brain tumor with high mortality rate and poor prognosis. Long noncoding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is a tumor suppressor in diverse cancer types. However, the role of MEG3 in glioma remains unclear. We aimed to explore the effects of MEG3 on U251 cells as well as the underlying mechanisms. U251 cells were stably transfected with different recombined plasmids to overexpress or silence MEG3. Effects of aberrantly expressed MEG3 on cell viability, migration, apoptosis, expressions of apoptosis-associated and autophagy-associated proteins, and phosphorylated levels of key kinases in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were all evaluated. Then, messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of Sirt7 in cells abnormally expressing MEG3 were estimated. In addition, effects of abnormally expressed MEG3 and Sirt7 on U251 cells were determined to reveal the underlying mechanism of MEG3-associated modulation. Cell viability and migration were significantly reduced by MEG3 overexpression whereas cell apoptosis as well as Bax and cleaved caspase-3/-9 proteins were obviously induced. Beclin-1 and LC3-II/LC3-I were upregulated and p62 was downregulated in MEG3 overexpressed cells. In addition, the autophagy pharmacological inhibitor (3-methyladenine, 3-MA) affected the effect of MEG3 overexpression on cell proliferation. Furthermore, the phosphorylated levels of key kinases in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were all reduced by MEG3 overexpression. Sirt7 was positively regulated by MEG3 expression, and effects of MEG3 overexpression on U251 cells were ameliorated by Sirt7 silence. MEG3 suppressed cell proliferation and migration but promoted autophagy in U251 cells through positively regulating Sirt7, involving in the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.     

Suspected acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as an outcome measure in clinical trials

Background

Acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis has become an important outcome measure in clinical trials. This study aimed to explore the concept of suspected acute exacerbation as an outcome measure.

Methods

Three investigators retrospectively reviewed subjects enrolled in the Sildenafil Trial of Exercise Performance in IPF who experienced a respiratory serious adverse event during the course of the study. Events were classified as definite acute exacerbation, suspected acute exacerbation, or other, according to established criteria.

Results

Thirty-five events were identified. Four were classified as definite acute exacerbation, fourteen as suspected acute exacerbation, and seventeen as other. Definite and suspected acute exacerbations were clinically indistinguishable. Both were most common in the winter and spring months and were associated with a high risk of disease progression and short-term mortality.

Conclusions

In this study one half of respiratory serious adverse events were attributed to definite or suspected acute exacerbations. Suspected acute exacerbations are clinically indistinguishable from definite acute exacerbations and represent clinically meaningful events. Clinical trialists should consider capturing both definite and suspected acute exacerbations as outcome measures.     

Comparative study of lymph node gangliosides and blood serum of normal and T-lymphotrophic baboons

The gangliosides from the lymph nodes and blood sera of normal and T-lymphomic baboons were studied. In lymph nodes the major gangliosides were identified as GM3 and GD3, those in blood sera--as GM3, GM1 and GD3. Gangliosides GM3 and GD3 contained N-acetyl as well as N-glycoloyl neuraminic acids. In gangliosides isolated from lymph nodes and blood sera of T-lymphomic baboons the levels of N-glycoloyl neuraminic acid markedly exceeded that in normal tissues. In tumour lymph nodes the GM3/GD3 ratio was shifted towards GD3.     

Identification and determination of alpha-dicarbonyl compounds formed in the degradation of sugars

The alpha-dicarbonyl compounds formed in the degradation of glucose and fructose were analyzed by HPLC using 2,3-diaminonaphthalene as derivatizing reagent, and identified as glucosone (GLUCO), 3-deoxyglucosone (3DG), 3-deoxyxylosone (3DX), tetrosone (TSO), triosone (TRIO), 3-deoxytetrosone (3DT), glyoxal (GO), and methylglyoxal (MGO). The results suggest that alpha-dicarbonyl compounds were formed from glucose via non-oxidative 3-deoxyglucosone formation and oxidative glucosone formation in glucose degradation. In addition, TRIO, GO, and MGO were also formed from glyceraldehyde as intermediate. The alpha-dicarbonyl compounds might be formed from glucose via these pathways in diabetes.     

Phytochemical and molluscicidal investigations of Fagonia arabica

The aqueous methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Fagonia arabica L. (family Zygophyllaceae) was successively fractionated using certain organic solvents. From the ethyl acetate fraction, two flavonoid glycosides were isolated and identified as kaempferol-7-O-rhamnoside and acacetin-7-O-rhamnoside. Four triterpenoidal glycosides were isolated from the butanolic layer. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of the spectral and chemical data as 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside oleanolic acid (1), 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl quinovic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinosyl oleanolic acid (3) and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabino-pyranosyl quinovic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4). The two monodesmosidic saponins 1 and 3 were found to possess strong molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni in Egypt (LC90 = 13.33 and 16.44 microM), whereas the other two bidesmosidic saponins 2 and 4 as well as the two flavonoid glycosides were inactive up to 50 microM.     

Synthesis of various phosphodiesters and phosphomonoesters with ribonuclease N.

1. 3'-Guanylyl-ethanol, 3'-guanylyl-propanol, and 3'-guanylyl-alpha-glycerol were synthesized by ribonuclease N1 [EC 3.1.4.8] using guanosine 2',3'-cyclic phosphate as a phosphate donor and various alcohols as phosphate acceptors. The yields of these phosphodiesters were 15%, 13.5%, 38.2%, respectively, with respect to phosphate donor under the optimum conditions. No phosphodiester was synthesized when 2-propanol was used as a phosphate acceptor. Thus, primary alcoholic hydroxyl groups may be regarded as the preferred phosphate acceptor. 2. 3'-Guanylyl-glucose and 3'-guanylyl-ribose were synthesized using glucose and ribose as phosphate acceptors. Under the optimum conditions, the yields of guanylyl-glucose amounted to 52.0%, while that of guanylyl-ribose was much lower. The guanylyl-glucose can be regarded as 3'-guanylyl-6-glucopyranose, based on the results of periodate oxidation. 3. Neither hydroxyamino acids (serine and threonine) nor N-acetylserinamide could be phosphorylated under the conditions used for the above phosphorylations. 4. 3'-Guanylyl-glycerol obtained as above was hydrolyzed by snake venon phosphodiesterase to produce glycerol 3-phosphate. The latter consisted of L-glycerol 3-phosphate (ca 17%) and the D-isomer (ca. 83%). Ribonuclease N1 thus catalyzes an asymmetric synthesis.     

Mechanism of the reductive cleavage reaction of permethylated methyl -glycopyranosides

The mechanism of the reductive cleavage reaction of permethylated methyl -glycopyranosides was investigated by measuring the rate of reaction. Glycosides employed were of α-Glc, β-Glc, α-Man, α-Gal, and β-Gal. Seven silanes were used to explore the reactivities of the reducing agents as well as to examine the stereoelectronic effects of the agents. Trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate was employed as catalyst. In general, the rates of β anomers were about twice as fast as those of the α anomers. The rates of anomerization were about five to ten times lower than those of reduction. A cyclic oxonium ion has been proposed as a sole intermediate for the reductive cleavage of the α-glycoside linkage, but the attack of the reducing agent on both cyclic and acyclic forms as well as on the substrate–Lewis acid complex seems to be involved for the β anomer.     

The distribution of membrane-bound 14-3-3 proteins in organelle-enriched fractions of germinating lily pollen

Proteins of the 14-3-3 family show a broad range of activities in plants, depending on their localisation in different cellular compartments. Different organelle membranes of pollen grains and pollen tubes of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. were separated simultaneously using optimised discontinuous sucrose density centrifugation. The obtained organelle-enriched fractions were identified as vacuolar, Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membranes, according to their marker enzyme activities, and were assayed for membrane-bound 14-3-3 proteins by immunodetection. 14-3-3 proteins were detected in the cytoplasm as well as in all obtained organelle fractions but were also released into the extracellular medium. In pollen grains, much more plasma membrane-bound 14-3-3 proteins were detected than in the PM-enriched fraction of pollen tubes, whereas the level of Golgi- and ER-associated 14-3-3 proteins was similar in pollen grains and tubes. This shift in the localisation of membrane-associated 14-3-3 proteins is probably correlated with a change in the major function of 14-3-3 proteins, e.g., perhaps changing from initiating pollen grain germination by activation of the PM H +-ATPase to recruitment of membrane proteins via the secretory pathway during tube elongation.     

Autoradiography of lysed L cells with labelled 3H-lysine]

Using the method of fibr-DNA autoradiography, 3H-lysine labeled L cells were examined. Fibr-labeled structures as long as 400 mkm were revealed. The pattern of labeling along fibres was same as when cells were labeled with 3H-thymidine. In cross experiments when 3H-lysine and 3H-thymidine were used simultaneously, the pattern of labeling remained the same. The data obtained may evidence that the complexation of new synthesized histones with DNA takes place synchronously with the replication, and in the points of chromosome replication.     

Expression of nervous system antigen-3 by lines of mouse fibroblasts and kidney cells and continued expression in hybrid cells

In a survey of the expression on cultured mouse cells of the cell surface antigen known as nervous system antigen-3 (NS-3), it was found that RAG, a renal adenocarcinoma line, expressed that antigen. It was also observed that 3T3, a fibroblast line of unknown tissue origin, expressed NS-3. Cells of these two lines were hybridized with cells of two mouse L cell lines that did not express NS-3. Four hybrid clones were tested for both the 3T3 × L cell cross and the RAG × L cell cross, and all the hybrids were found to be NS-3 positive. All the hybrids had at least 40% as much activity as the NS-3 positive parent. Of the four parental mouse cell lines used, only 3T3 expressed Thy-1.2 antigen on the cell surface. In contrast to the continued expression of NS-3 on hybrid cells, Thy-1.2 antigen was not detectable on two clones of 3T3 × L cell hybrids that were tested.