浅谈医院PACS 系统的建设

PACS（Picture Archiving and Communication systern）是图像存档和通信系统,它以高速计算机设备为基础,以高速网络和通讯方式联接各种影像设备和相关科室．利用大容量磁、光存储技术,以数字的方法存储管理、传送和显示医学影像和相关信息,具有图像质量高,存储、传输和复制无失真,传送迅速、影像资料可共享等突出的特点。因此,针对医院PACS建设中人们较为关心的问题,结合本单位PACS建设的实践,回顾性总结了本单位PACS建设的经验,并对医院PACS建设的实施步骤,规模大小,投资回报,影像设备的选型,公司的技术支持,医务人员的培训以及医院的组织管理等提出了一些看法和建设性的意见。     

浅谈PACS系统

本文介绍了与PACS技术有关的四大部分的内容,包括PACS技术的提出：PACS系统的构成,基本功能;与PACS技术有关的一些标准化问题,以及PACS技术的现状和PACS技术发展的前景。方向等等问题。     

PACS辅助教学在医学影像学实习教学中的应用探讨

尝试应用影像存储及传输系统(Picture Archiving and Communication System,PACS),对我院临床本科生进行影像学实习教学。首先应用PACS建立电子影像学图片库,学生在PACS联网的计算机上学习教学内容,通过定期随堂测验、期末考试和课后问卷调查评估PACS辅助教学的教学效果,对PACS辅助教学在医学影像学实习教学中的应用价值进行探讨。与以往传统医学影像学实习教学方法相比,PACS辅助教学在医学影像学实习教学中具有激发学生学习主动性、提高学习效率和学生读片能力的优越性,显著提高教学效果和教学质量,对促进医学影像学教学改革具有重要意义。     

医学影像学教学实践中PACS的应用

目的:探究医学影像学在教学实践中应用PACS的效果。方法:将我校2014级62例医学影像学专业的学生作为研究对象,按影像学教学模式不同分为对照组与研究组,每组各31例,对照组给予传统教学模式,研究组应用PACS系统模式教学,对比两种模式的优势。结果:研究组学生读片成绩以及理论成绩均高于对照组,且存在统计学差异(p0.05);研究组学生学习效率、主动性、读片能力、分析能力、思维能力评分均高于对照组,数据存在统计学差异(p0.05)。结论:在医学影像学教学实践中应用PACS系统与传统教学模式相比,使医学影像学教学质量与效率得到了较大提高,优势显著,值得应用。     

医院数字化建设与医学影像服务流程再造

医院数字化建设是当前医疗信息化的热点,PACS/RIS系统作为推动医院数字化建设的重要组成部分,在医院的日常医疗服务中发挥着非常重要的作用.本文对PACS/RIS系统的概况以及在我院的实施过程和创新之处进行了论述,并对所取得的成效进行了评价.     

PACS服务器硬盘阵列故障处理及其预防对策

介绍了我院PACS服务器的磁盘故障及其处理方法,并提出对医院PACS服务器配置和管理上的一些建议。     

基于PACS的医学图像压缩

从PACS和DICOM的定义出发,对基于PACS的医学图像压缩的要求和算法等方面作了阐述,还介绍了JPEG2000在医学图像压缩中的优势。     

国内外PACS现状及发展趋势

医学影像存储与传输系统(Picture Archiving and Communication Systems,PACS)是近年来随着数字成像技术、计算机技术和网络技术的进步而迅速发展起来的,旨在全面解决医学图像的获取、显示、存储、传送和管理的综合系统。PACS的名称是在此之前1984年召开的第一届国际PACS和个人健康数据     

预防医学本科生在临床实习中存在的问题及其改进建议

预防医学是现代医疗体系的重要组成部分,在提高公共卫生健康水平方面发挥着极其重要的作用。为了更好地开展预防医学工作,预防医学专业本科生不仅要牢固掌握预防医学专业知识,更要掌握一定的临床医学基础知识和技能。临床实习是医学生加深所学的临床理论知识并将其转化为实践操作的主要途径,在预防医学本科生的培养中具有重要意义。我校经过多年的探索与改革,在预防医学本科生的临床实习方面积累了大量经验,但现阶段仍然存在着一些问题。本文分析预防医学本科生在临床实习过程中存在的主要问题并提出改进建议,从而为进一步提高预防医学本科生的培养质量提供依据。     

PACS在口腔根管治疗中的应用

医学影像存储与传输系统（PACS）的建设改变了原有的摄片和看片模式,对提高医院的医疗质量的到了很大的推进作用。该文论述了我院PACS系统的特点以及在口腔根管治疗中的应用。并与原来的胶片流程做了对比,研究了PACS系统在根管治疗中的应用的优势以及今后的发展前景。     

Availability Analysis for Multitask Production Systems

A multitask production system is one in which different subsets of the components can be used to perform distinct functions or tasks. For such a system, some of the components are used intermittently and some may be used continuously. This type of operational protocol is often applied to flexible manufacturing systems. In this paper, we develop models of the operational reliability and of the availability of multitask systems. We construct models for both the case in which preventive maintenance is used and the case in which preventive maintenance is not used. The models presented here constitute an extension to existing models to allow the study of the behavior of modern manufacturing equipment.     

Avian influenza risk perception and preventive behavior among traditional market workers and shoppers in Taiwan: practical implications for prevention

Background

Avian influenza (AI) can be highly pathogenic and fatal. Preventive behavior such as handwashing and wearing face masks has been recommended. However, little is known about what psychosocial factors might influence people''s decision to adopt such preventive behavior. This study aims to explore risk perception and other factors associated with handwashing and wearing face masks to prevent AI.

Methodology/Principal Findings

An interviewer-administered survey was conducted among 352 traditional market workers and shoppers in Taiwan between December 2009 and January 2010. Factors associated with the recommended AI preventive behavior (i.e., when in a traditional market, wearing a face mask and also washing hands after any contact with poultry) included: having correct knowledge about the fatality rate of AI (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.18), knowing of severe cases of AI (AOR = 2.13), being informed of local AI outbreaks (AOR = 2.24), living in northeastern Taiwan (AOR = 6.01), having a senior high-school education (AOR = 3.33), and having a university or higher education (AOR = 6.86). Gender interactive effect was also found among participants with a senior high-school education, with males being less likely to engage in the recommended AI preventive behavior than their female counterparts (AOR = 0.34).

Conclusions/Significance

Specific information concerning AI risk perception was associated with the recommended AI preventive behavior. In particular, having correct knowledge about the fatality rate of AI and being informed of severe cases and local outbreaks of AI were linked to increased AI preventive behavior. These findings underscore the importance of transparency in dealing with epidemic information. These results also have practical implications for prevention and policy-making to more effectively promote the recommended AI preventive behavior in the public.     

Overview of capacity data

This paper presents an overview of the data from 15 cases collected with the CAPACITY software for cost analysis of PACS. The data suggest that both hospital wide and partial PACS implementations do not pay back yet. Only Nuclear Medicine PACS systems may be introduced cost-neutral in the near future. Because of the assumed price drop of hardware components of 5–25% per year, hospital wide and partial PACS may allow cost savings within the next 10–20 years. There are major differences in viewpoints concerning the required PACS configurations and their costs. The experiences with the CAPACITY software suggest the need for the establishment of key rules, for designing a PACS configuration and for estimating PACS costs.     

Current views on the functionalities of PACS

The concept of PACS has evolved from a central storage of medical images to a distributed data and image management system. The trend and evolution of the definition and design of PACS systems is described in this paper. Special emphasis on the concept of distributed and open architecture is given with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. A hospital-wide PACS system designed based on a distributed architecture integrated with a Hospital Information System (HIS) at the University Hospital of Geneva is further described.     

医用PACS系统及其主要技术问题

医用图像归档与通信系统(简称PACS)是近年来医学图像处理的一个研究热点。本文介绍了这一系统的基本功能、系统构成及其几个主要技术问题。     

Performance Analysis of an FMS Operating Under Different Failure Rates and Maintenance Policies

Flexible manufacturing Systems (FMSs) typically operate at 70–80% utilization, which is much higher than the utilization of traditional machines that can operate with as low as 20% utilization. A result is that an FMS may incur four times more wear and tear than a traditional system. This requests the execution of effective maintenance plans on FMSs. While maintenance actions can reduce the effects of breakdowns due to wear-outs, random failures are still unavoidable. It is important to understand the implications of a given maintenance plan on an FMS before its implementation. This paper discusses a procedure that combines simulation and analytical models to analyze the effects of corrective, preventive, and opportunistic maintenance policies on the performance of an FMS. The FMS performance is measured by its operational availability index, which is determined using the production output rate of the FMS under a variety of time between failure distributions and different operational conditions. The effects of various maintenance policies on FMS performance are simulated and the results are compared to determine the best policy for a given system.     

Enabling BPR in Maintenance Through a Performance Measurement System Framework

With ever-increasing importance, plant maintenance is no more regarded as second line or non-productive activity. It is about time maintenance received due attention from various business improvement initiatives such as total quality management or business process reengineering (BPR). This paper builds on previous work by the authors that examines the role of performance measurement systems (PMS) in maintenance, with particular reference to developing a new PMS framework using the quality function deployment (QFD) technique. In the light of the fact that there is only limited evidence of BPR applications pertinent to equipment maintenance, this paper explores the use of the PMS framework to enable and guide sound BPR endeavors in maintenance. Condensed literature on BPR is presented followed by an outline of the PMS framework. The benefits of utilizing such a framework are examined with reference to BPR in maintenance. The practical implications of the findings are discussed based on a case study conducted in a local company.     

Overview of some methodological problems in assessment of PACS

The purpose of technology assessment of picture archiving and communications systems (PACS) is to establish the need for the technology, provide a measure of functionality and to establish the costs and benefits associated with the introduction of the system. Given concerns about the clinical acceptability of PACS, it is unlikely that radiologists will change from existing film based systems until a clear demonstration of costs and benefits has been performed. The major need at present is to quantify the benefits which may flow from the introduction of PACS system in a standard manner which can be accepted by all parties involved.