低能N＋离子束辐照甜叶菊种子的当代效应研究

用不同剂量低能N＋离子注入甜叶菊种子后,观察并记录种子发芽率、幼苗和移栽植株性状及糖苷含量的影响.结果表明低剂量的氮离子束能促进甜叶菊发芽率,高剂量则抑制其发芽率;随着辐照剂量的增高,移栽植株株高、糖苷含量等主要指标出现了先下降后升高的＂马鞍型＂曲线;经辐照后出现了植株高、叶片多、叶面积大、糖苷含量高的有益变异,为进一步品种选育和诱变机理研究奠定基础.     

磁共振淋巴造影技术方法研究

目的：评估欧乃影介导的磁共振间质淋巴造影在诊断前列腺癌盆腔淋巴转移的可行性和安全性。方法：所有30例病理确诊前列腺癌患者,采用1.5T菲利浦超导型磁共振成像仪检查。先完成盆腔前列腺平扫,接着皮下注射造影剂欧乃影行三维增强磁共振淋巴造影术（3D CE-MRL）,最后欧乃影静脉注射盆腔前列腺增强扫描。结果：皮下注射后,欧乃影迅速吸收进入淋巴系统,引流区域各组淋巴结、淋巴管显示清晰。结论：皮下注射＂欧乃影＂行磁共振间质淋巴造影术诊断前列腺癌患者盆腔淋巴转移是可行和安全的。     

核桃揪雌雄异熟性的初步研究

对核桃揪开花特性进行了观察。结果表明：核桃揪多数植株为雌雄异熟,有的植株上雌花先开（雌先型）,有的植株上雄花先开（雄先型）。每一植株上雌雄异熟的次序是相当稳定的。并且多数能为雌先型植株提供授粉机会的雄先型群体,其雌花期与雌先型群体的雄花期也能较好的吻合。但是少数花期不同的同一类型（即：雌先型与雌先型或雄先型与雄先型）植株之间也有授粉机会。在坐果率、产量、核果的整齐度、放叶早晚、落叶期、形态差异的调查分析中未发现异熟性与这些性状上有必然的联系。     

丢失了的化石,我们还在寻找

周口店＂北京人＂的发现,历来被称为＂古人类历史中最有意义、最动人的发现＂。是二十世纪古人类学界最重要的发现之一,在从猿转变到人的过程中包括用火、制造工具、狩猎、采集都集中体现了人类进化的过程。这些珍贵的化石材料,为研究人类发展史和阐明劳动创造人的理论提供了珍贵而生动的实证。这些实证真实地告诉人们：     

活体红细胞内血红蛋白的电泳释放

当今的蛋白质组学研究,都是先裂解细胞放出蛋白质,然后对蛋白质溶液进行各种分析.对于红细胞来说,它的裂解产物也称＂溶血液＂,其中主要成分有血红蛋白A1,A2,A3和碳酸酐酶（CA）等.本实验室用未裂解的完整的活体红细胞直接进行电泳,观察其释放出来的血红蛋白（hemoglobin,Hb）,建立了淀粉-琼脂糖混合凝胶中红细胞的电泳释放实验.电泳释放可分为＂初释放＂（一次通电完成电泳,此时有Hb释放出来）和＂再释放＂（电泳过程中断电-再通电,又有Hb释放出来）.本实验室在＂初释放＂实验中发现了＂HbA2现象＂,并通过Hb交叉电泳发现了HbA2与HbA1的相互作用;利用初释放型双向对角线电泳发现红细胞内HbA2与HbA1结合存在;对电泳释放出来的＂HbA2现象＂成分做SDS-PAGE及质谱分析,发现Prx-2（Peroxiredoxin-2）可能参与＂HbA2现象＂的形成;在研究＂再释放＂实验中发现了＂Hb多带再释放现象＂,在此基础上创建等渗再释放、低渗再释放、等低渗全程再释放及再释放型双向对角线电泳;两种红细胞（全血中的红细胞和由它分离出来的游离红细胞）再释放的比较研究;血浆成分对红细胞再释放的影响等.以上研究方法的建立为活体细胞内蛋白质存在状态的研究提供了基础,并开辟了新的研究途径和领域.     

皮肤干细胞治烧伤

近日,美国匹兹堡大学麦克哥尔恩（McGowan）再生医学研究院发明了一种治疗烧伤的新方法。先从烧伤者身上提取健康的皮肤部位分离出干细胞,然后将其加入到一种溶液中,用喷枪将皮肤干细胞＂喷射＂到烧伤者的皮肤上,来治疗烧伤的皮肤。干细胞喷枪治疗法能在90分钟内治疗烧伤皮肤,     

心房颤动消融新技术述评及展望

阐述了近十余年心房颤动的消融技术尤其是生物医学工程辅助新技术比如三维电解剖、腔内超声、力量感知和导航技术等成为进步、发展的新热点。指出了临床需要就是新技术发展前进的动力,这些改进型、挖掘型和攻关型发明发现对生医工的未来具有重要教育和启发意义。     

国内首次发现两例JK(a—b—)及其在不同人种中的分布

在河南汉族中发现了国内首例稀有的JK(a-b-)红细胞血型。家系调查未发现第二例。先证者父母及同胞均为Jk(a+b-)型,丈夫及儿子均为Jk(a-b+)型。四个月后在广东梅县客家人中又发现一例JK(a-b-)型,先证者为一未婚女子。两位先证者血清中均无抗体。到目前为止,JK(a-b-)型在中国人群中的分布频率为2/6391(0.03％)Jk基因频率为0.0202。     

制造业、生物加工

制造业生物加工领域的机遇越来越多新的和改进的商品将由生物加工技术生产出来。生物加工技术是一项使用生物或它们的细胞成分,运用化学、物理学和生物学过程的先进的制造技术。生物加工技术使研究发明转化为具有独特的和人们所期望特性的商品,并为许多产品提供了新的生产方法,这些产品包括：·能源,包括乙醇、甲烷和柴油等燃料;·常用化学试剂,如酶、有机酸和溶剂等;·用于制作胶片、衣服和具有其他特殊用途的聚合物;...     

中国人Ⅱ型MPS家系IDS基因的一种新突变的鉴定

为了研究粘多糖贮积症Ⅱ型(MPSⅡ)患者发病的分子遗传学机制, 以便为今后的产前基因诊断等创造必要的前提条件, 文章先采用尿糖胺聚糖(GAGs)定性检测法对疑似MPSⅡ的先证者进行初诊, 然后采用PCR、PCR 产物直接测序法对先证者及其家系成员进行突变检测。在检出IDS基因c.876del2新突变后, 对随机采集的120例正常对照和其他非II型MPS患者包括MPSⅠ, Ⅳ, Ⅵ三型的病人共15例的IDS基因exon 6进行序列分析, 同时采用不同物种突变点序列的保守性分析法, 以及直接测定患儿及其家庭相关成员IDS酶活性的方法对该新突变进行致病性分析。结果显示: 先证者尿检呈强阳性(GAGs +++); 其IDS基因exon 6编码区内存在c.876-877 del TC新缺失突变, 为半合子突变, 而其母、其姐为杂合突变; 正常对照和其他非II型MPS患者的IDS基因exon 6的检测结果均未发现该突变; 不同物种氨基酸序列的同源性比对显示: c.876-877 del TC突变所在的位置即p.292-293的苯丙氨酸(F)谷氨酰胺(Q)高度保守; 酶活性测定的结果显示: 先证者的IDS酶活性仅为2.3 nmol/4 h/mL, 大大低于正常值, 而其父的为641.9 nmol/4 h/mL, 其母的血浆酶活性为95.8 nmol/ 4h/mL, 其姐的为103.2 nmol/4 h/mL。说明所发现的c.876-877 del TC缺失移码突变是一种新的病理性突变, 是该MPSⅡ患儿发病的根本内因。     

Finding composite regulatory patterns in DNA sequences

Pattern discovery in unaligned DNA sequences is a fundamental problem in computational biology with important applications in finding regulatory signals. Current approaches to pattern discovery focus on monad patterns that correspond to relatively short contiguous strings. However, many of the actual regulatory signals are composite patterns that are groups of monad patterns that occur near each other. A difficulty in discovering composite patterns is that one or both of the component monad patterns in the group may be 'too weak'. Since the traditional monad-based motif finding algorithms usually output one (or a few) high scoring patterns, they often fail to find composite regulatory signals consisting of weak monad parts. In this paper, we present a MITRA (MIsmatch TRee Algorithm) approach for discovering composite signals. We demonstrate that MITRA performs well for both monad and composite patterns by presenting experiments over biological and synthetic data.     

VIR.II: a new interface with the antibody sequences in the Kabat database.

The Kabat database is the source of information par excellence on antibody sequences. In 1995, we developed an interface with the Kabat database, called VIR. VIR has been very useful in conducting studies aiming to find structure-function relationships in antibodies. Here we report a new version adapted to the World Wide Web, called VIR.II. VIR.II allows searches by type of chain (V(H) or V(L)), by species, and by specificity. The species are selected using a pulldown menu, whereas the specificities can be selected from a list containing the unique specificities reported in the Kabat database. These facilities avoid mistakes and redundancies in the searches. Another feature, and probably the most important one, is that VIR.II introduces a classification of specificities in terms of the chemical and biochemical nature of the antigen, like anti-protein, anti-peptide, anti-hapten, etc. This classification has been useful in discovering patterns in the antigen-binding site of antibodies that correlate with the type of antigen the antibody interacts with. To illustrate this, while showing the capabilities of VIR.II, we analyze all the murine anti-peptide and anti-protein antibody sequences compiled as of July, 2000 in the Kabat database.     

The Birth and Life of Species–Cultures

Evolution and life phenomena can be understood as results of history, i.e., as outcomes of cohabitation and collective memory of populations of autonomous entities (individuals) across many generations and vast extent of time. Hence, evolution of distinct lineages of life can be considered as isomorphic with that of cultures. I argue here that cultures and culture-like systems – human culture, natural languages, and life forms – always draw from history, memory, experience, internal dynamics, etc., transforming themselves creatively into new patterns, never foreseen before. This is possible thanks to the fact that all forms of life are descendants of life. Ontogeny and speciation in various lineages draw from continuous re-interpretation of conservative genetic/generic “texts”, as well as from changes of the interpretative process itself. The result is continuous appearances of new lineages-cultures and/or communities-cultures, in a semiotic process of re-interpretation and inventing new ways of living. The topic is developed here on the backgrounds of ideas presented by R. A. Rappaport in “Ritual and religion in the making of humanity” and J. Flegr in “Frozen evolution”.     

Microbial community composition controls carbon flux across litter types in early phase of litter decomposition

Leaf litter decomposition is a major carbon input to soil, making it a target for increasing soil carbon storage through microbiome engineering. We expand upon previous findings to show with multiple leaf litter types that microbial composition can drive variation in carbon flow from litter decomposition and specific microbial community features are associated with synonymous patterns of carbon flow among litter types. Although plant litter type selects for different decomposer communities, within a litter type, microbial composition drives variation in the quantity of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measured at the end of the decomposition period. Bacterial richness was negatively correlated with DOC quantity, supporting our hypothesis that across multiple litter types there are common microbial traits linked to carbon flow patterns. Variation in DOC abundance (i.e. high versus low DOC) driven by microbial composition is tentatively due to differences in bacterial metabolism of labile compounds, rather than catabolism of non-labile substrates such as lignin. The temporal asynchrony of metabolic processes across litter types may be a substantial impediment to discovering more microbial features common to synonymous patterns of carbon flow among litters. Overall, our findings support the concept that carbon flow may be programmed by manipulating microbial community composition.     

家蝇幼虫液体饲料饲养的方法

家蝇幼虫液体饲料饲养的方法尹华宝王奎仁（中国科学技术大学地球与空间科学系,合肥２３００２６）徐汝梅（北京师范大学生物系,１００８７５）ＡＭｅｔｈｏｄｏｆＲｅａｒｉｎｇＨｏｕｓｅ－ｆｌｙＬａｒｖａｗｉｔｈＬｉｑｕｉｄＦｅｅｄ．ＹｉｎｇＨｕａｂａｏ,Ｗａ...     

Proteomics of breast carcinoma

Beast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women, accounting for approximately 40,000 deaths annually in the USA. Significant advances have been made in the areas of detection and treatment, but a significant number of breast cancers are detected late. The advent of proteomics provides the hope of discovering novel biological markers that can be used for early detection, disease diagnosis, prognostication and prediction of response to therapy. Several proteomics technologies including 2D-PAGE, 2D-DIGE, ICAT, SELDI-TOF, MudPIT and protein arrays have been used to uncover molecular mechanisms associated with breast carcinoma at the global level, and a number of these technologies, particularly the SELDI-TOF hold promise as a proteomic approach that can be applied at the bedside for discovering protein patterns that distinguish disease and disease-free states with high sensitivity and specificity. Laser microdissection, a method for selection of homogenous cell populations, coupled to 2D-DIGE or MudPIT constitute a new proteomics-based paradigm for detecting disease in pathology specimens and monitoring disease response to therapy. This review describes proteomics technologies, and their application in the proteomic analysis of breast carcinoma.     

Spatio-temporal pattern formation in Rosenzweig–MacArthur model: Effect of nonlocal interactions

Spatio-temporal pattern formation in reaction–diffusion models of interacting populations is an active area of research due to various ecological aspects. Instability of homogeneous steady-states can lead to various types of patterns, which can be classified as stationary, periodic, quasi-periodic, chaotic, etc. The reaction–diffusion model with Rosenzweig–MacArthur type reaction kinetics for prey–predator type interaction is unable to produce Turing patterns but some non-Turing patterns can be observed for it. This scenario changes if we incorporate non-local interactions in the model. The main objective of the present work is to reveal possible patterns generated by the reaction–diffusion model with Rosenzweig–MacArthur type prey–predator interaction and non-local consumption of resources by the prey species. We are interested in the existence of Turing patterns in this model and in the effect of the non-local interaction on the periodic travelling wave and spatio-temporal chaotic patterns. Global bifurcation diagrams are constructed to describe the transition from one pattern to another one.     

The course of resin canals in the shoots of conifers

Resin canal patterns in the Pinaceae differ significantly from those in other conifers. In this paper, Pinus type, Picea type and Larix type are defined.Pinus has the Pinus type pattern, in spite of the possession of a system of peripheral canals in some members. The patterns inAbies, Picea, Cedrus, Keteleeria andPseudotsuga are varied. Both Pinus and Picea types are usually observed, although many other types are also seen in these five genera.Larix andPseudolarix have the Larix type pattern, andTsuga has a modified Torreya type pattern. From the data obtained in the present series of studies (Suzuki, 1979a, b), two main evolutional trends of resin canal patterns are suggested. In the Pinaceae, the patterns probably evolved from the complicated type to the simple type. In the other families, they evolved from the simple type to the complicated type. Moreover, it is to be considered likely that the patterns have evolved independently in each family. Patterns of resin canals are very similar to the primary vascular patterns. The similarity is probably not fundamental, but superficial, because most of the conifer species, of which resin canal patterns are varied, have but a single type of the primary vascular system.     

Genome-wide MicroRNA Expression Profiles in COPD: Early Predictors for Cancer Development

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) significantly increases the risk of developing cancer. Biomarker studies frequently follow a case-control set-up in which patients diagnosed with a disease are compared to controls. Longitudinal cohort studies such as the COPD-centered German COPD and SYstemic consequences-COmorbidities NETwork(COSYCONET) study provide the patient and biomaterial base for discovering predictive molecular markers. We asked whether microRNA(miRNA) profiles in blood collected from COPD patients prior to a tumor diagnosis could support an early diagnosis of tumor development independent of the tumor type. From 2741 participants of COSYCONET diagnosed with COPD, we selected 534 individuals including 33 patients who developed cancer during the follow-up period of 54 months and 501 patients who did not develop cancer, but had similar age, gender and smoking history. Genome-wide miRNA profiles were generated and evaluated using machine learning techniques. For patients developing cancer we identified nine miRNAs with significantly decreased abundance(two-tailed unpaired t-test adjusted for multiple testing P 0.05), including members of the miR-320 family. The identified mi RNAs regulate different cancer-related pathways including the MAPK pathway(P = 2.3 x 10~(-5)). We also observed the impact of confounding factors on the generated miRNA profiles, underlining the value of our matched analysis. For selected miRNAs, qRT-PCR analysis was applied to validate the results. In conclusion, we identified several miRNAs in blood of COPD patients, which could serve as candidates for biomarkers to help identify COPD patients at risk of developing cancer.