广布中剑水蚤对裸腹zao和秀体zao的摄食

1995年6月至9月，在武汉东湖，通过摄食实验和野外调查，作者研究了广布中剑水蚤对裸腹zao和秀体zao的摄食。研究结果证实，广布中剑水蚤能够抓取和摄食裸腹zao和秀体zao。广布中剑水蚤对小型裸腹zao的平均摄食率高于大型裸腹zao。多重统计分析结果表明，广布中剑水蚤对小型和大型裸腹zao的摄食率有显著差异（P=0.0335)，捕食者喜食小型猎物。由于广布中剑水蚤的摄食习性，它对裸腹zao和秀体zao的种群动态有重要影响，但随着鱼产量增加，广布中剑水蚤对猎物摄食的影响效果被减弱了。     

广布中剑水蚤对裸腹溲和秀体溲的摄食

１９９５年６月至９月,在武汉东湖,通过摄食实验和野外调查,作者研究了广布中剑水蚤对裸腹溲和秀体溲的摄食。研究结果证实,广布中剑水蚤能够抓取和摄食裸腹溲和秀体溲。广布中剑水溲对小型裸腹溲的平均摄食率高于大型裸复溲。多重统计结果表明,广布中剑水蚤对大型和大型裸腹溲的摄食率有显著差异（Ｐ＝０．３３５）,捕食者喜食小型猎物。由于广布中剑水蚤的摄食习性,它对裸腹溲和秀体溲的种群动态有重要影响,但随着鱼产量增     

近邻剑水蚤对浮游动物的摄食

近邻剑水蚤能捕获和摄食实验所提供的所有浮游动物,尤喜食小型浮游动物。猎物受攻击的部位发生在头部,背部和腹部。猪物密度、水温、光照强度和昼夜变化对近邻剑水蚤的摄食有重要影响。     

青海湖裸鲤体腔寄生蠕虫种群动态与宿主食性的关系

对盲囊线虫在青海湖中以锯缘真剑水蚤作为第一中间宿主,舌状绦虫和裂头绦虫都以咸水化镖水蚤和锯缘真剑水蚤作为第一中间宿主,青海湖裸鲤对咸水北镖水蚤的摄食量随体长增加而增加,对锯缘真剑水蚤摄食量随体长增加的变化则不明显。因而提出：舌状绦虫在不同大小的青海湖裸鲤中的种群数量变化不是由于宿主的摄食习性改变引起的。裂头绦虫和对盲囊线虫在青海湖裸鲤中的种群数量随宿主生长而增加的变化与较大宿主对中间宿主的较大摄取量以及它们在宿主体内的积累有关。     

淮河中游浮游甲壳动物群落结构的季节动态

2007年1-12月对淮河中游浮游甲壳动物群落结构的季节动态进行研究。共记录浮游甲壳动物24种, 其中枝角类8属13种、桡足类9属11种。枝角类在4月和9月形成两个峰值, 即(28.2±21.6) ind/L和(40.8±10.1) ind/L, 其优势种分别为僧帽溞 Daphnia cucullata和脆弱象鼻溞 Bosmina fatalis。捕食性桡足类-近邻剑水蚤Cyclops vicinus vicinus、广布中剑水蚤Mesocyclops leuckarti和台湾温剑水蚤Thermocyclops taihokuensis分别在4月、5月和6月形成较大的密度。汤匙华哲水蚤Sinocalanus dorrii和中华窄腹剑水蚤Limnoithona sinensis分别在5月和8月占优势。小型浮游植物(≤20 μm)生物量在4月达到最大值, 之后快速下降, 而较大型浮游植物(>20 μm)生物量从4月上升, 到7月达到最大值。典型冗余分析(RDA)显示, 溞属Daphnia的仲春下降与捕食性桡足类(尤其是近邻剑水蚤)的摄食压力、浮游植物生物量的季节变化密切相关。       

海水实验围隔中桡足类对海洋原甲藻摄食的研究

现场研究了发生严重海洋原甲藻（Ｐｒｏｒｏｃｅｎｔｒｕｍｍｉｃａｎｓ）水华后海水实验围隔中桡足类火腿许水蚤（Ｓｃｈｍａｃｋｅｒｉａｐｏｐｌｅｓｉａ）和长腹剑水蚤（Ｏｉｔｈｏｎａｓｐ．）的摄食强度．结果表明,体长在１２５ｍｍ以上的火腿许水蚤成体及其部分桡足幼体对海洋原甲藻的摄食率平均为１２１４０ｃｅｌｓ·ｉｎｄ－１·ｄ－１;体长不到１２５ｍｍ的部分火腿许水蚤桡足幼体和长腹剑水蚤成体及其桡足幼体的摄食率仅为１１３３ｃｅｌｓ·ｉｎｄ－１·ｄ－１．实验期间围隔中海洋原甲藻的浓度为８５０～１６１７０ｃｅｌｓ·ｍｌ－１,该藻的种群增长率为－０．００２～０．１５０．当海洋原甲藻细胞处于生长期时,桡足类的摄食不足以抑制该藻种群的增长,因此围隔中桡足类不可能阻止海洋原甲藻水华发生或使水华发生后迅速消退     

滤食杂食性鱼类放养对浮游动物群落结构的影响

滤食杂食性鱼类是我国南方水体中常见鱼类,本文调查了放养滤食杂食性鱼类后浮游动物的丰度和种类组成的变化,以探讨其对浮游动物群落的影响.结果显示,滤食杂食性鱼类放养之后,枝角类模糊秀体溞(Diaphanosoma dubium)、微型裸腹溞(Moina micrura)和桡足类蒙古温剑水蚤(Thermocyclops mongolicus)、南方近镖水蚤(Tropodiaptomus australis)等丰度迅速下降,而轮虫丰度在鱼类放养一周后迅速增加,且保持较高的密度;轮虫优势种也发生了变化,调查前两周主要以臂尾轮虫(Brachionus)为主,两周后以暗小异尾轮虫(Trichocereidae pusilla)、广布多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)和裂痕龟纹轮虫(Anuraeopsisfissa)等个体更小的种类为主.本研究说明,滤食杂食性鱼类能够显著影响浮游动物群落结构,个体较大的种类受到的影响较大,最后导致浮游动物群落的小型化.     

巢湖微囊藻和浮游甲壳动物昼夜垂直迁移的初步研究

2002年10月进行了巢湖微囊藻和几种优势浮游甲壳动物的昼夜垂直变化的研究,结果表明:微囊藻具有明显的昼夜垂直变化现象。白天上层水中的微囊藻密度显著高于下层水中,夜晚逐渐下沉使得下层水中的密度相对高于上层水。微囊藻与叶绿素a、水温、溶解氧和pH等均呈显著的正相关(p<0.01)。几种优势浮游甲壳动物的昼夜垂直迁移存在较大的差异。短尾秀体溞和角突网纹溞白天在下层水(1.5m和2.5m)中的密度较高,夜晚则倾向于在上层水(0m和0.5m)中活动。相反,卵形盘肠溞白天在上层水中密度较高,象鼻溞则在11:00和15:00时各水层中的密度显著高于夜晚。汤匙华哲水蚤和广布中剑水蚤白天倾向于在下层水中活动,夜晚则逐渐迁移到上层水中。许水蚤在夜晚和凌晨3:00时各水层中的密度显著高于白天。中华窄腹剑水蚤昼夜垂直变化不明显。微囊藻与短尾秀体溞密度呈显著的负相关,而与象鼻溞和卵形盘肠溞呈显著的正相关(p<0.01)。     

富营养化对小型湖泊浮游甲壳动物群落结构及多样性的影响

2017年3月到2018年2月研究了临涣湖浮游甲壳动物群落结构的季节变化。临涣湖共记录浮游甲壳动物13种,其中枝角类8属8种,桡足类5属5种。短尾秀体溞(Diaphanosoma brachyurum)、广布中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops leuckarti)和象鼻溞(Bosmina sp.)等小型富营养种类是温暖季节的优势种,而近邻剑水蚤(Cyclops vicinus)是冬季的优势种。盔形溞(Daphnia galeata)等大型种类仅在少数月份中被观察到。临涣湖浮游甲壳动物的年平均密度和生物量分别为28.3个/L和0.33 mg/L。营养状态指数(TSI_M)的年平均值为62.6。浮游甲壳动物的Shannon指数、Pielou指数和Simpson指数的年平均值分别为0.86、0.74和0.49,且3种多样性指数均具有显著的季节差异。营养盐水平、营养状态指数和物种多样性指数均表明,临涣湖水体处于富营养化状态。冗余分析结果表明,水温、总磷浓度和叶绿素a浓度是影响临涣湖浮游甲壳动物群落结构变化的上行效应因子。鲢、鳙鱼的捕食压力是临涣湖浮游甲壳动物群落结构小型化的下...     

三峡水库初次蓄水后干流库区桡足类的纵向分布与季节变化

作为大型水利工程, 三峡水库于2003年6月开始蓄水, 蓄水后库区水环境发生了变化。为了了解三峡水库水生态系统的演替规律, 同时为环境保护、渔业资源开发利用以及水环境管理提供理论基础, 我们对三峡水库第一阶段蓄水后桡足类的季节变化和空间分布进行了周年季节性研究。在三峡库区江津至茅坪的10个断面共采集到8种桡足类, 其中哲水蚤目2种、猛水蚤目1种、剑水蚤目5种, 北碚中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops pehpeiensis)、广布中剑水蚤(M. leuckarti)和汤匙华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus dorrii)分布较广。各样点种类数差异不大, 但组成上却有不同。桡足类种类组成、空间分布和密度具有明显的季节变化特征, 此外密度在水库的纵轴上也表现出明显的梯度分布, 越近大坝密度越高。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.