人腺病毒E4转录区ORF4蛋白与细胞凋亡

人腺病毒基因早期转录区4的第4开放阅读框架编码的E4ORF4蛋白是一种多功能病毒调节蛋白,能够特异地引起转化细胞的凋亡,而对正常细胞没有影响,并且这种凋亡机制不依赖于经典的p53途径,E4ORF4蛋白功能的发挥需要与细胞内蛋白磷酸酶2A的相互作用,而且它还能改变Src激酶的活性,E4ORF4蛋白的多种功能协调合作,最终导致了转化细胞的凋亡。     

犬2型腺病毒E3区表达载体的构建

利用构建的犬2型腺病毒E3区缺失质粒pBE3L分别构建了含有和不含外源性启动子的绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）基因和在犬病病毒糖蛋白（Rgp）基因的重组表达质粒pBE3LGFP、pBE3LCGFP、pBE3LRgp和pBE3LCPgp,并分别对DK细胞进行了转染实验,以检测其表达,结果显示,pBE3LCGFP质粒在转染DK细胞后,于36h即可观察到荧光,72～96h无明显差别,传3代后仍可见表达荧光的细胞,pBE3LCRgp质粒转染DK细胞后,于48～96h用间接免疫荧光染色可检测到糖蛋白的表达,而pBE3LGFP和pBE3Rgp质粒转染DK细胞后经检测均无表达,表明构建的E3区缺失性载体不能利用E3区自身的启动子进行目的基因的表达,但利用外源性的启动子可使外源基因获得良好表达。     

腺病毒4型E3区核苷酸序列测定及其基因结构与功能分析

本文将Ａｄ４基因组相当于７３．３－８９．２基因图谱单位的ＤＮＡ片段进行了序列测定及基因结构分析,它包括了Ａｄ４Ｅ３区全基因及该区两侧的部分序列。序列分析表明,Ａｄ４ Ｅ３区从ＴＡＴＡＡ ｂｏｘ起至该区基因结束共４７７８ｂｐ,编码１１个大于６ｋＤ的开放读码框架。对Ａｄ４ Ｅ３区ＯＲＦ分析结果表明,Ａｄ４ Ｅ３区编码的１９．３ｋ,１５ｋ,１０．４ｋ蛋白,分别与Ａｄ２ Ｅ３区的ｇｐ１９ｋ,１４．ｋ和１０     

E3B1在肿瘤中的作用及其机制

EPS8的结合蛋白质E3B1具有广泛的生物学功能,参与细胞骨架的重塑、生长因子受体(GFR)介导的细胞应答,抑制细胞生长,并通过E3B1-EPS8-SOS1三联复合物参与Ras到Rac细胞信号转导,这些功能使得E3B1及其家族蛋白质具有潜在的肿瘤抑制作用,与肿瘤的发生、发展密切相关。目前对于E3B1的研究主要集中在其信号通路,对于E3B1在肿瘤中的作用及其机制的研究有待于进一步加强,这些研究可能为肿瘤的转移途径、转化方式的研究提供重要的理论线索。     

转录因子E2F在细胞周期调控中的重要作用

转录因子E2F在细胞周期调控中起重要作用。E2F的活性受到pRb,细胞周期素和细胞周期素依赖性激酶的控制。近年来,许多有关E2F研究的新进展揭示了E2F与肿瘤发生、细胞凋亡、肿瘤抑制等均有密切关系。     

腺病毒E4orf4蛋白诱导肿瘤特异性细胞死亡及其在癌症治疗中的应用

腺病毒E4orf4蛋白由腺病毒早期第4转录区第4开放读码框编码,为一种多功能调节蛋白质,其活性包括下调早期病毒基因表达和下调影响病毒复制的细胞基因表达,调控病毒基因的选择性转录后剪切以影响病毒感染进程等。当E4orf4脱离病毒环境单独表达时,可诱导不依赖p53和胱天蛋白酶途径的癌细胞特异性细胞死亡,而不影响原代细胞的正常生长。这表明E4orf4对癌细胞有特异性的杀伤作用。本文主要介绍了：（1）E4orf4主要蛋白质伴侣（蛋白磷酸酶2A和Src家族激酶）对E4orf4细胞杀伤作用的贡献;（2）E4orf4诱导的细胞死亡独特模式的基本机制及其特点;（3）近年来利用E4orf4治疗癌症的研究。     

表达猪瘟病毒E2蛋白的重组腺病毒的构建及其在兔体内的免疫原性分析

为了构建猪瘟重组腺病毒载体疫苗,通过细菌内同源重组法构建了含有猪瘟病毒E2基因的重组腺病毒rAdV-E2.测定其一步生长曲线,同时用间接免疫荧光试验和Western blotting检测外源基因表达,然后用rAdV-E2免疫家兔,免疫后6周用猪瘟兔化弱毒疫苗株(c株)进行攻击,攻毒后3 d取其脾脏,用实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测C株病毒RNA.结果表明,该重组腺病毒传至第10代时,毒价可达1.0×1010TCID<,50/mL;外源基因可在其中得到稳定表达;rAdV-E2接种兔免疫后2周产生猪瘟特异性抗体,免疫后5 W抗体达到峰值,攻毒后rAdV-E2接种兔和C株接种兔均未出现定型热反应,从其脾脏也未检测到C株病毒RNA,而野生型腺病毒接种兔均出现了定型热反应,并且从其脾脏检测大量C株病毒RNA,其含量达到了103拷贝/μL以上.由此表明,rAdV-E2可望开发为猪瘟候选疫苗.     

含14-3-3蛋白抑制肽R18重组腺病毒制备及其在心肌细胞中的表达

目的:构建并鉴定含14-3-3蛋白抑制肽R18的重组腺病毒,为研究14-3-3蛋白的功能提供基础工具。方法:用同源重组方法构建含14-3-3蛋白抑制肽R18的复制缺陷型腺病毒载体(AdR18),并加以鉴定、扩增,以获得高滴度AdR18病毒液,体外感染乳大鼠心肌细胞,检测目的基因表达。结果:将构建的重组腺病毒载体AdR18感染乳大鼠心肌细胞并表达48h后,蛋白印迹结果显示AdR18感染组有明显R18的表达,对照组无表达。结论:腺病毒载体可高效率导入外源基因在心肌细胞中高表达。     

Roles for the E4 orf6, orf3, and E1B 55-Kilodalton Proteins in Cell Cycle-Independent Adenovirus Replication

Adenoviruses bearing lesions in the E1B 55-kDa protein (E1B 55-kDa) gene are restricted by the cell cycle such that mutant virus growth is most impaired in cells infected during G(1) and least restricted in cells infected during S phase (F. D. Goodrum and D. A. Ornelles, J. Virol. 71:548-561, 1997). A similar defect is reported here for E4 orf6-mutant viruses. An E4 orf3-mutant virus was not restricted for growth by the cell cycle. However, orf3 was required for enhanced growth of an E4 orf6-mutant virus in cells infected during S phase. The cell cycle restriction may be linked to virus-mediated mRNA transport because both E1B 55-kDa- and E4 orf6-mutant viruses are defective at regulating mRNA transport at late times of infection. Accordingly, the cytoplasmic-to-nuclear ratio of late viral mRNA was reduced in G(1) cells infected with the mutant viruses compared to that in G(1) cells infected with the wild-type virus. By contrast, this ratio was equivalent among cells infected during S phase with the wild-type or mutant viruses. Furthermore, cells infected during S phase with the E1B 55-kDa- or E4 orf6-mutant viruses synthesized more late viral protein than did cells infected during G(1). However, the total amount of cytoplasmic late viral mRNA was greater in cells infected during G(1) than in cells infected during S phase with either the wild-type or mutant viruses, indicating that enhanced transport of viral mRNA in cells infected during S phase cannot account for the difference in yields in cells infected during S phase and in cells infected during G(1). Thus, additional factors affect the cell cycle restriction. These results indicate that the E4 orf6 and orf3 proteins, in addition to the E1B 55-kDa protein, may cooperate to promote cell cycle-independent adenovirus growth.     

Functional Similarity between E6 Proteins of Cutaneous Human Papillomaviruses and the Adenovirus E1A Tumor-Restraining Module

The adenovirus E1A C-terminal region restrains oncogenic transformation through interaction with three distinct cellular protein complexes that include the DYRK1A/1B/HAN11 complex. The E6 proteins of beta-human papillomaviruses (beta-HPVs) also interact with the DYRK1/HAN11 complex. A variant of HPV5 E6 frequently found in epidermodysplasia verruciformis skin lesions interacted less efficiently with DYRK1A/HAN11. The E6 variant and E7 of HPV5 efficiently coimmortalized primary epithelial cells, suggesting that naturally arising variants may contribute potential oncogenic activities of beta-HPV E6 proteins.     

Ribosomal Proteins Regulate MHC Class I Peptide Generation for Immunosurveillance

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Mechanism of the Arginine Requirement for Adenovirus Synthesis: I. Synthesis of Structural Proteins

The mechanism of the arginine requirement for adenovirus was studied in cultures of KB cells infected with adenovirus type 2. Macromolecular synthesis was found to be severely impaired in uninfected cells under complete arginine deprivation, whereas an arginine concentration of 50 mum yielded a moderate and reversible inhibition of growth and nucleic acid synthesis. At this concentration, viral structural proteins were accumulated in excess although the virus yield was reduced more than 1,000-fold. The arginine-sensitive step appeared to occur early during the first 15 hr postinfection in the virus growth cycle. Virus-infected cells deprived of arginine to 50 mum showed, when reversed, a 4- to 5-hr lag period before the increase in virus growth was observed. Analysis of the radioactive pattern of labeled virions synthesized after reversion showed that all polypeptides were synthesized after addition of arginine to the medium, and none of the virion-polypeptides which are revealed by gel electrophoresis appeared to be preferentially synthesized after arginine reversion. The excess pool of structural proteins formed during depletion appeared to a large extent to be unavailable for virus assembly.     

Processing of Adenovirus 2-Induced Proteins

Analysis of (35)S-methionine-labeled extracts of adenovirus 2-infected KB cells revealed 22 virus-induced polypeptide components. Most proteins of the virion were easily detected in extracts of whole cells labeled for short periods between 15 and 30 h after infection; however, several virion components were conspicuously absent. Radioactivity appeared in two of these virion components during a chase in nonradioactive medium, and this appearance was paralleled by a decrease in the radioactivity associated with two nonvirion adenovirus-induced proteins, results which imply precursor-product relationships for these components. Comparison of one of the chasable adenovirus-induced components (designated P-VII; mass of 20,000 daltons) and the major core protein (VII; mass of 18,500 daltons) of the virion showed that they have four common methionine-containing tryptic peptides; P-VII has an additional methionine residue which is not found in the major core protein. We propose that at least two of the adenovirus 2 virion components are derived by the cleavage of higher molecular weight precursor polypeptides.     

14-3-3蛋白对植物发育的调控作用

14-3-3蛋白是高度保守并在真核生物中普遍存在的一类调节蛋白。不同的14-3-3蛋白同工型具有不同的细胞特异性, 并通过识别特异的磷酸化序列与靶蛋白相互作用, 被称为蛋白质与蛋白质相互作用的桥梁蛋白。在植物生长发育过程中, 14-3-3蛋白通过与其它蛋白的相互作用参与多种植物激素信号转导、各种代谢调控、物质运输和光信号应答等调控过程。该文主要对近年来有关14-3-3蛋白在植物生长发育中的调控作用, 特别是14-3-3蛋白参与调控植物激素信号转导等方面的研究进展进行综述。     

14-3-3蛋白在细胞周期调节中的作用

14-3-3是一个在真核细胞中广泛表达、功能复杂的蛋白家族,主要通过磷酸化依赖的方式与靶蛋白结合,从而发挥其调控作用。细胞周期的调节对维持基因组的稳定性至关重要。近年来的研究发现,14-3—3蛋白可以和越来越多的细胞周期调节蛋白相互作用,调节G2／M期和G1／S期转换,从而对细胞周期起调控作用。简要综述了14—3—3蛋白在细胞周期调节中的作用。