用单链噬菌体载体克隆DNA

丝状单链DNA大肠杆菌型噬菌体M 13、fd及f1,近来被作为一类新的DNA克隆载体而发展起来了,它的优点显著超过其它载体,包括其它两类大肠杆菌寄主的克隆载体:质粒和噬菌体λ。本综述描述单链噬菌体载体的生物学及应用方法以及测量插入DNA大小和排列方向的快速方法,特别是单链载体对DNA定序和离体位点定向诱变     

荧光标记噬菌体快速检测K1荚膜大肠杆菌方法的建立及应用

【背景】大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,E.coli)是引发新生儿脑膜炎和禽类脑膜炎最常见的革兰氏阴性菌,其中含K1荚膜大肠杆菌是重要的病原菌。目前,K1荚膜大肠杆菌的检测方法存在一些弊端。【目的】利用PNJ1809-36噬菌体的宿主特异性建立快速检测K1荚膜大肠杆菌的方法。【方法】用荧光染料SYBR Gold标记PNJ1809-36噬菌体,侵染33株受试菌,在荧光显微镜下观察,测定该方法的特异性;倍比稀释宿主菌DE058,用荧光标记噬菌体侵染,测定该方法的灵敏度;用荧光标记噬菌体检测8份模拟粪样,测定该方法的临床应用效果;测定4℃避光保存4个月的荧光标记噬菌体的效价和检测效果。【结果】33株受试菌中的9株K1荚膜大肠杆菌有8株可见环状荧光,1株未能检出;20株非K1荚膜大肠杆菌以及4株非大肠杆菌属细菌均不能观察到荧光,检测灵敏度达100CFU/mL。8份模拟粪样的检测结果显示,3份含有K1荚膜大肠杆菌的粪样均可见环状荧光,5份不含K1荚膜大肠杆菌的粪样均无荧光。荧光标记噬菌体4℃避光保存4个月后效价无明显下降,检测效果无明显变化,表明该荧光标记噬菌体在4℃避光条件下较稳定...     

检测噬菌体DNA法鉴别细菌的溶原性

根据前噬菌体的可诱导性,将细菌培养物经丝裂霉素C诱导,诱导液滤过除菌,经核酸酶处理和聚乙二醇(PEG 6000)浓缩,再用苯酚进行抽提。通过检测抽提物中有无DNA,以确定菌株的溶原性。实验证明从溶原菌诱导液中可提取DNA,同时表明该DNA确为溶原菌诱导出的噬菌体DNA,而非溶原性菌以同样方法不能取得DNAo用此方法,可以作为鉴别细菌溶原性的一个手段。     

细胞培养用牛血清污染大肠杆菌噬菌体的检测

用大肠杆菌噬菌体增殖法检测２１６批细胞培养用牛血清,结果１４２批（６５．７％）显示阳性结果。由此提示牛血清在采集制备过程中的污染严重,应引起重视。     

布氏菌噬菌体SA对各种布氏菌的裂解活性

布氏菌噬菌体SA是从猪种布氏菌培养物中分离到的。其裂解活性当菌液浓度为10^-4时,对光滑型猪种菌1、3型,牛种菌1、3、6型和沙林鼠种菌可产生混合性裂解,产生噬菌斑直径3—4mm。噬菌体SA原液或稀释浓度为10^-1、10^-2时,对羊种菌1、3型不裂解。对羊种菌2型、粗糙型牛种菌45/20、犬种菌和绵羊附睾菌产生混合性裂解或噬菌斑,噬菌斑为1—2mm或更小。     

噬菌体DNA的快速抽提

介绍一种噬菌体DNA的快速抽提方法.用聚乙二醇沉淀噬菌体颗粒,然后经DEAE纤维素纯化处理和酚抽提.与传统的噬菌体DNA纯化方法相比,改进后的方法方便、快速、经济,可获得高纯度的噬菌体DNA.     

噬菌体颗粒大小与其遗传控制的噬菌斑大小的关系

测定培养温度、琼脂浓度、感染系数、培养基丰度和时间等因子对形成噬菌斑大小的影响程度,从而排除了影响噬菌斑大小的非遗传本底。分析电镜下噬菌体颗粒大小和平板上噬菌斑大小两者之间的关系,发现在同一容量较恒定的细胞内,不向噬菌体其生物合成总量趋于相等,该原理解释了决定噬菌斑大小的主要遗传控制方式。计算并推导出在一定程度上可反映噬菌体颗粒大小的经验公式。     

检测CHO基因工程乙肝疫苗残余DNA方法的建立和应用

对样品的处理方法进行了探索,最后选用一个疫苗剂量的蛋白酶Ｋ同时消化样品和标准ＤＮＡ,并将消化处理后的样品和标准ＤＮＡ用地高辛标记的探针进行检测,灵敏度达１０ｐｇ。共检测２１批检品,除一批ＤＮＡ残余量超过１００ｐｇ／ｄｏｓｅ以外,其它２０批样品的ＤＮＡ残余量均低于１００ｐｇ／ｄｏｓｅ。     

新型多价大肠埃希菌噬菌体285P生物学特性研究

筛选多价大肠埃希菌噬菌体,确定其宽噬宿主谱、形态大小及核酸类型等基本特征,为应用于环境微生物消毒奠定基础。应用双层琼脂平板法确定多价噬菌体的宿主谱;透视电镜观察形态结构;提取核酸,并利用分光光度法和核酸酶(DNase、RNase A及S1)酶切的方法对核酸进行鉴定;SDS-PAGE电泳分析噬菌体膜蛋白。大肠埃希菌BL21、DH5α、JM109为噬菌体285P的宽噬宿主;电镜下呈微球型,边缘光滑,短尾,颗粒直径约81 nm;分光光度法及核酸酶切法均证实核酸为双链DNA;膜蛋白略小于43 ku。噬菌体285P对多株大肠埃希菌具有宽噬作用,对环境中微生物的控制具有潜在的应用价值。     

A sensitive fluorescence method for detection of E. Coli using rhodamine 6G dyeing

Negatively charged bacteria combined with positively charged alkaline dye rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) in NaH₂PO₄–Na₂HPO₄ buffer solution pH 7.4, by electrostatic interaction. The dyed bacteria exhibited a strong fluorescence peak at 552 nm and fluorescence intensity was directly linear to Escherichia coli (E. coli), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) concentrations in the range of 7.06 × 10⁴ to 3.53 × 10⁷, 4.95 × 10⁵ to 2.475 × 10⁸ and 32.5 to 16250 colony forming unit/mL (cfu/mL) respectively, with detection limits of 3.2 × 10⁴ cfu/mL E. coli, 2.3 × 10⁵ cfu/mL B. subtilis and 16 cfu/mL S. aureus, respectively. Samples were cultured for 12 h, after which the linear detection range for E. coli was 2 to 88 cfu/mL. This simple, rapid and sensitive method was used for the analysis of water and drinking samples. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

重组大肠杆菌高密度培养研究进展

重组大肠杆菌细胞高密度培养(High cell-density cultivation,HCDC)是获得高外源蛋白产率的一种重要策略,影响重组大肠杆菌高密度培养的因素主要有以下几个方面:重组体的构建及其稳定性,培养基成分,培养方式,培养条件及培养过程中抑制性代谢产物的积累等。从以上几个方面对近期的研究进展进行了综述。     

E.coli DNA抗肿瘤免疫的动态实验研究

５５只Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ小鼠,５只作为正常对照组,其余５０只荷瘤后随机分为１０组, ５组为 ＴＥＳ对照组, ５组为Ｅ． ｃｏｌｉＤＮＡ治疗组。荷瘤第４ｄ起,分别于治疗组和对照组小鼠皮下注射 ＤＮＡ（１００ｍｇ／Ｌ）或 ＴＥＳ（０． １ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）,０．３ｍｌ／只,隔日１次,共５次。于荷瘤第５,９,１３,１７,２１ｄ处置对照组和治疗组各一组小鼠,进行Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉＤＮＡ抗肿瘤免疫的动态研究。结果表明, Ｅ． ｃｏｌｉ ＤＮＡ体内抑瘤作用出现早、强且持久,主要是通过诱导肿瘤组织坏死所致,它可迅速持久地激活免疫系统,防止出现免疫低下或紊乱;对照组小鼠荷瘤早期可出现暂时的免疫功能增强,随荷瘤时间延长,逐渐降低至较低水平,并出现免疫紊乱。     

Rapid label-free detection of E. coli using a novel SPR biosensor containing a fragment of tail protein from phage lambda

Abstract

In efforts to speed up the assessment of microorganisms, researchers have sought to use bacteriophages as a biosensing tool, due to their host-specificity, wide abundance, and safety. However, the lytic cycle of the phage has limited its efficacy as a biosensor. Here, we cloned a fragment of tail protein J from phage lambda and characterized its binding with the host, E. coli K-12, and other microorganism. The N-terminus of J was fused with a His-tag (6HN-J), overexpressed, purified, and characterized using anti-His monoclonal antibodies. The purified protein demonstrated a size of ～38?kDa upon SDS-PAGE and bound with the anti-His monoclonal antibodies. ELISA, dot blot, and TEM data revealed that it specifically bound to E. coli K-12, but not to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The observed protein binding occurred over a concentration range of 0.01–5?μg/ml and was found to inhibit the in vivo adsorption of phage to host cells. This specific binding was exploited by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to generate a novel 6HN-J-functionalized SPR biosensor. This biosensor showed rapid label-free detection of E. coli K-12 in the range of 2?×?10⁴ ?2?×?10⁹ CFU/ml, and exhibited a lower detection limit of 2?×?10⁴ CFU/ml.     

The Molecular Genetics of Superoxide Dismutase in E. Coli

The biological role and the regulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in E. coli have been investigated using genetics. Cloning of both E. coli SOD genes permitted construction of mutants completely lacking SOD. The conditional oxygen sensitivity of those mutants, together with their increased mutation rate, demonstrated the essential biological role of SOD. SOD-deficient mutants constitute a powerful tool to assess a possible role of O^?2 or SOD in biological processes. Complementation of their deficiencies by the expression of SOD originating from a different organism is used for screening libraries for SOD genes of other species. Regulation of MnSOD has been studied using protein and operon fusions with the lactose operon, and isolating regulation mutants. These studies reveal multiregulation of MnSOD including response to the superoxide mediated oxidative stress and response to variations of the intracellular redox state induced by metabolic changes.     

提高大肠杆菌分泌表达重组蛋白的研究进展

大肠杆菌是表达重组蛋白的常见宿主之一。重组蛋白分泌到周质空间或胞外培养基中较之在胞内以包含体形式表达有许多优势。主要讨论大肠杆菌Ⅰ、Ⅱ型分泌机制,并总结近年来在提高重组蛋白分泌表达的策略方面取得的进展。     

Phage P22 helps phage MB78 to overcome blockage of DNA maturation in rifampicin-resistant host

Bacteriophage MB78, a virulent phage ofSalmonella typhimurium cannot grow in rifampicin-resistant mutant (rif-39) of the host having altered RNA polymerase. The temperate phage P22 which cannot multiply in presence of the virulent phage MB78 can, however, help MB78 to overcome replication inhibition in rif-39. The processing of concatemeric phage DNA to monomer is blocked in this nonpermissive host. Superinfection with P22 induces synthesis of at least five P22 specific polypeptides which help phage MB78 in the processing of the concatemeric DNA and maturation of phage particles.     

致病性大肠埃希菌和沙门菌毒力岛基因的双重PCR检测方法的建立

目的实现对致病性大肠埃希菌（E．coli）、沙门菌（Salmonella）的同时检测,建立快速灵敏的双重PCR检测方法。方法以致病性大肠埃希菌和沙门菌毒力岛基因为研究对象,根据GenBank发表的大肠埃希菌和沙门菌毒力岛基因序列,分别设计合成了大肠埃希菌毒力岛irpl、irl）2和fyuA,沙门菌毒力岛mgtC、sseL和sopB等6对引物,以禽致病性大肠埃希菌（CVCC1565）菌株和沙门菌（ATCC9150）菌株的核酸混合物为模板,经引物特异性试验,引物组合,成功建立了快速鉴别检测致病性大肠埃希菌和沙门菌的双重PCR方法。结果特异性试验结果显示,引物irpl、irp2和fyuA仅能扩增出大肠埃希菌（CVCC1565）的特异性片段,大小分别是799、414和948bp;引物mgtC、sseL和sopB仅能扩增出沙门菌（ATCC9150）的特异性片段,大小分别是500、269和1000bp。敏感性试验结果表明大肠埃希菌和沙门菌的最低检测限分别为2．2×101CFU／mL和2．0×101CFU／mL。结论本研究建立的双重PCR方法具有特异性强、敏感性高、快速简便等特点,可用于致病性大肠埃希菌和沙门菌的联合检测与鉴别诊断。     

The detection of non-O157 E. coli in food by immunomagnetic separation

AIMS: To compare immunomagnetic separation (IMS) protocols (enrichment media and temperature) for the isolation of Escherichia coli serotypes O26 and O111 from four different foods. METHODS AND RESULTS: Foods (minced beef, cheese, apple juice and pepperoni) spiked with low numbers (<100 g(-1)) of stressed nalidixic mutant E. coli serotypes O26 and O111 were enriched in media based on buffered peptone water (BPW), tryptone soya and EC broths incubated at temperatures of 37 and 42 degrees C to optimize the IMS technique. BPW enrichments gave increased recoveries of both serotypes compared with tryptone soya and EC broths. Elevated temperatures of incubation at 42 degrees C were superior to 37 degrees C. CONCLUSIONS: Positive detection of low numbers of stressed target pathogens in all replicate tests was only possible using BPW enrichments. The majority of tests from alternative enrichments resulted in zero or single colonies recovered post-IMS. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The optimum IMS protocol would improve isolation rates of E. coli O26 and O111 from foods and lead to increased safety for the consumer. Sub-optimal IMS protocols could lead to foods being incorrectly labelled free from these pathogens.