Systemic arterial blood supply to the trachea and lung in sheep

We studied the systemic arterial blood supply to the trachea and lung in adult sheep. After anesthesia, sheep were exsanguinated and then studied by intra-arterial injection of one of the following materials: saline containing dyes of various colors (n = 24), Microfil (n = 8), or Batson's solution (n = 6). The systemic blood supply to the cervical trachea originated from the two common carotid arteries via three to four small branches (rami tracheales cervicales) on each side. A segment of the thoracic trachea between the thoracic inlet and the origin of the tracheal bronchus (bronchus trachealis) and the bronchial tree of the right cranial lobe (lobus cranialis dexter) were supplied by the tracheal bronchial branch (ramus bronchalis trachealis), which originated from the brachiocephalic trunk (truncus brachiocephalicus). A portion of thoracic trachea between the origin of the tracheal bronchus and the tracheal carina was supplied by the thoracic tracheal branch (ramus trachealis thoracica), arising from the bronchoesophageal artery (arteria bronchoesophagea) or directly from the thoracic aorta. The bronchial branch (ramus bronchalis) originated from the bronchoesophageal artery, and its branches supplied the remainder of the bronchial tree. At 120 cmH2O pressure (n = 8), the bronchial branch contributed approximately 50% and the other two approximately 25% each of the total tracheobronchial blood flow. These three branches also supplied the visceral pleura. Additionally, several small vessels (rami pleurales pulmonales) originated from the esophageal branch (ramus esophagea) of the bronchoesophageal artery, traversed the pulmonary ligaments, and supplied the visceral pleura.     

Sources of the blood supply to the human bulbar conjunctiva

In 93 complex preparations of the human orbit, the sources for blood supply of the eyeball conjunctiva, types of orbital vessels, including size of their diameters, were studied. The open parts of the conjunctiva were stated to get arteries of greater diameters comparing to those supplying the subconjunctival parts. It was noted that some sources of blood supply take their origin from the external carotid artery. This fact should be taken into account when choosing the part for biomicroscopy of the eyeball conjunctiva vessels.     

Spermatogenesis in varicoceles after correction of the blood supply to the testis

By means of light microscopy methods in experiments performed in 60 white rats with modelled venous congestion in the left testis and in 113 men suffering from varicocele of the 2d-3d degree complicated with certain disorders of fertility, the effect of blood correction has been studied in the gonads by switching off the caudal (inferior) epigastric vein. The experimental correction of the blood stream in the testes, according to the data of quantitative estimations, contributes to spermatogenesis. Corresponding positive results, while studying spermograms, are obtained in patients suffering from varicocele complicated with infertility. Application of this operation is expedient when conservative therapy as varicocele is uneffective.