消减杂交筛选2BS细胞衰老过程中差异表达基因

细胞的复制性衰老最终导致不可逆的G1 期阻滞 ,研究此过程中差异表达基因对于阐明衰老发生机制有重要意义 .分别构建年轻和衰老 2BS细胞高表达基因的消减文库 ,经点杂交筛选后共得5 3个差异表达基因 .对其中部分基因的VirtualNorthern印迹分析证实差异表达确实存在 .选择Y1 1 4和S1 1 1片段 ,以Northern印迹分析确证其表达变化 ;并通过对新生儿和老年人白细胞中二者的表达分析 ,显示二者在体内也存在与体外衰老过程相一致的随增龄表达变化 .结果在一定程度上体现了 2BS细胞衰老过程中基因表达谱的变化 ;首次报道了TSSC3(tumorsuppressingsubtransferablecandidate 3)、hnRNPK (heterogeneousnuclearribonucleoproteinK)等基因在成纤维细胞衰老时发生差异表达 ;通过对Y1 1 4和S1 1 1在体内衰老时的表达分析 ,显示体内和体外衰老有一定的相关性     

Suppression Subtractive Hybridization Identified Differentially Expressed Genes in Pistil Mutations in Wheat

To understand the molecular mechanism of the three pistils mutation in wheat, two forward subtractive cDNA libraries from two pairs of near-isogenic wheat lines, Chuanmai 28 three pistils (CMTP) and Chinese Spring three pistils (CSTP), were constructed using SSH. A total of 68 clones in CMTP lines and 197 clones in CSTP lines were identified as potentially over-expressed clones. Thirty-two out of 68 clones in CMTP lines belonged to unknown proteins; while, the remaining 30 clones shared homology to diverse classes of genes involved in protein modulation and protein synthesis, signal transduction, and ion transporters. Approximately 67% of genes in CSTP lines were either unclassified or had no matches (“no hits”) in the database and about 33% of identified genes encoded polypeptides with known functions. Sequence comparisons of cDNA clones between the two forward cDNA libraries revealed that four genes, encoding thioredoxin H, ubiquitin protein ligases, MCM2, and ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase complex 14 kDa proteins, were over-expressed in both libraries. These genes would likely play an important role in determining the three pistils trait in the mutant wheat line.     

应用抑制性消减杂交技术克隆大鼠肝再生过程中特异表达基因

应用抑制性消减杂交技术成功地构建了高消减效率的正向消减cDNA文库,从随机挑取的50个克隆中有31个均检出了60~400bp插入片段,对这些插入cDNA片段进行测序后经Genbank同源性检索,表明其中7个片段为未知新序列。大鼠肝切除后肝再生cDNA正向消减文库的建立为进一步大批量筛选、克隆肝再生特异性表达的未知新基因奠定了基础,初步筛选出的特异性表达的序列标记为进一步研究肝再生中基因的功能提供了依据。 Abstract:The cDNA from rat regenerating liver tissue was used as the tester and that from normal liver was used as the driver.A highly efficient subtractive cDNA library was constructed by suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH).After screening,31 clones from 50 clones which were derived from the cDNA library were inserted by 60~400bp cDNA fragments.24 cDNA fragments corresponded to known genes and 7 cDNA fragments were unknown sequences(GenBank accession number:BG447490~447496).     

Prokaryotic Suppression Subtractive Hybridization PCR cDNA Subtraction, a Targeted Method To Identify Differentially Expressed Genes

Molecular biology tools can be used to monitor and optimize biological treatment systems, but the application of nucleic acid-based tools has been hindered by the lack of available sequences for environmentally relevant biodegradation genes. The objective of our work was to extend an existing molecular method for eukaryotes to prokaryotes, allowing us to rapidly identify differentially expressed genes for subsequent sequencing. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) PCR cDNA subtraction is a technique that can be used to identify genes that are expressed under specific conditions (e.g., growth on a given pollutant). While excellent methods for eukaryotic SSH PCR cDNA subtraction are available, to our knowledge, no methods previously existed for prokaryotes. This work describes our methodology for prokaryotic SSH PCR cDNA subtraction, which we validated using a model system: Pseudomonas putida mt-2 degrading toluene. cDNA from P. putida mt-2 grown on toluene (model pollutant) or acetate (control substrate) was subjected to our prokaryotic SSH PCR cDNA subtraction protocol to generate subtraction clone libraries. Over 90% of the sequenced clones contained gene fragments encoding toluene-related enzymes, and 20 distinct toluene-related genes from three key operons were sequenced. Based on these results, prokaryotic SSH PCR cDNA subtraction shows promise as a targeted method for gene identification.     

抑制性消减杂交技术在禽类差异表达相关基因筛选中的应用进展

抑制性消减杂交技术(suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)是目前被广泛用于寻找差异表达基因方面的一种技术,因其具有假阳性率低、灵敏度高、重复性好、特异性强等特点而被大多数研究者所采用。该技术的优势在于可以在转录水平对不同环境、不同生理条件下的组织或细胞进行基因差异表达方面的研究。随着近年来分子生物学的不断发展,对差异表达基因的筛选及克隆已逐渐成为研究的热点。本文主要对抑制性消减杂交技术在鹅、鸭和鸡这三种常见禽类的生产性能、抗病机理以及品种差异等方面研究中的应用进行综述,从而为采用抑制性消减杂交技术研究生命活动的分子作用机制提供更多的参考。     

抑制消减杂交法筛选原发性肝细胞癌中差异表达的基因及其生物学意义

为了筛选原发性肝细胞癌 (hepatocellularcarcinoma ,HCC)中差异表达的基因 ,以了解HCC发生发展的分子基础 ,选取了一例早期高分化肝癌标本作为材料 ,采用抑制消减杂交 (suppressionsubtractivehybridization ,SSH)技术 ,进行了前向及反向消减杂交 ,结合反向Northern印迹筛选 ,得到多个差异表达的基因 .对有意义的基因用半定量RT PCR检测了肝癌中的表达 .结果显示 ,PON2、hSRP1alpha、H4 1在大部分肝癌中表达升高 ,IGFBP1、ITIH1在早期癌症中 ,大部分癌的表达升高 ,在晚期癌症中则表达下降 .EGR1在大部分肝癌中表达降低 .研究表明 ,不同分化程度、不同临床分期的肝癌 ,有共同的或不同的基因表达发生改变 ,明确这些差异表达的基因谱 ,对于肝癌发生发展机理的阐明及肝癌的预防、诊断、治疗都有重要意义 .     

应用抑制性消减杂交技术筛选流感病毒感染宿主应答基因

从宿主系统寻找病毒感染特异性相关的生物大分子是研究病毒药物靶标和诊断标志物的新方向 .为了筛选宿主细胞中流感病毒感染特异性基因 ,采用抑制性消减杂交技术 (SSH) ,以流感病毒A 鲁防 93 9(H3N2 )感染MDCK细胞及正常MDCK细胞为材料 ,构建病毒感染特异性差减cDNA文库 ,PCR法扩增鉴定其中插入片段大小 .从差减文库中随机挑取 10 0个克隆进行测序 ,用生物信息学方法对其同源性和基因功能进行分析和预测 .结果显示 ,成功构建了流感病毒感染特异性差减cDNA文库 ,文库中cDNA片段长度在 2 5 0～ 10 0 0bp之间 .从文库中随机选取 10 0个克隆测序 ,获得了 95个有效序列 ,经blast同源性分析发现 ,大部分基因为参与宿主细胞能量代谢和蛋白质生物合成过程中的基因 ;其中 19个为无任何功能线索的新基因片段 .流感病毒感染特异性差减cDNA文库的建立和筛选出病毒感染应答候选新基因cDNA片段 ,为发现新型流感病毒药靶和诊断标志物以及病毒感染机制研究打下基础     

Identification of Differentially Expressed Sequence Tags in Rapidly Elongating Phyllostachys pubescens Internodes by Suppressive Subtractive Hybridization

Bamboo shoots grow quickly through the rapid elongation of internodes, but the precise molecular mechanisms underlying this process remain unknown. We used a combination of suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH), dot blotting, sequencing and bioinformatics to identify Phyllostachys pubescens genes that are differentially expressed in rapidly elongating vs. static internodes (SIs). We isolated 1020 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) by SSH, 173 of which were shown to be differentially expressed by dot blotting. We then sequenced the 20 ESTs showing the greatest difference in expression, 13 of which were preferentially expressed in elongating internodes and seven in SIs. Functional characterization of the ESTs showed that rapid internode elongation requires meristem initiation and proliferation, high-level protein synthesis, cellular respiration, and cell wall synthesis, as well as the regulation of the activated methyl cycle, gibberellin and brassinosteroid biosynthesis, and their signal transduction pathways.     

通过小麦Ms2近等基因系的抑制缩减杂交分析揭示小穗和花药中差异表达基因

以Ms2近等基因系处于减数分裂期的可育小穗cDNA作为驱动因子(driver),以同一时期的不育小穗cDNA作为测验因子(tester)进行缩减杂交(SSH),将扩增后的缩减杂交产物进行克隆,构建了一个包含882个重组克隆的SSH文库.分别以可育小穗和不育小穗的cDNA为探针与SSH文库克隆进行反式Northern杂交,结果显示接近90%的克隆在不育小穗中呈上调表达.对文库中21个克隆插入片段的序列相似性分析表明其中有18个与来源于穗部或减数分裂期的花药cDNA同源.13个克隆的编码产物与已知功能的蛋白质同源,其中5个参与碳代谢活动,4个参与胞内分子的运输,2个蛋白产物参与染色体的构成及染色体的结构变化,1个是生长素抑制蛋白,1个是转录因子.用中国春缺体四体材料对9个克隆进行了染色体定位,其中一个克隆定位于第四染色体同源群,与Ms2所在的染色体同属一个同源群.通过搜索水稻的同源BAC(bacterial artificialchromosome)和PAC(P1 artificial chromosome)克隆,推测另外11个克隆的染色体位置,其中4个克隆可能位于第四染色体同源群.用RNA点杂交对11个克隆进行表达谱分析,其中8个克隆在不育株的小穗和花药中呈上调表达.     

A Robust Statistical Method for Detecting Differentially Expressed Genes

DNA microarray technology allows researchers to monitor the expressions of thousands of genes under different conditions, and to measure the levels of thousands of different DNA molecules at a given point in the life of an organism, tissue or cell. A wide variety of different diseases that are characterised by unregulated gene expression, DNA replication, cell division and cell death, can be detected early using microarrays. One of the major objectives of microarray experiments is to identify differentially expressed genes under various conditions. The detection of differential gene expression under two different conditions is very important in biological studies, and allows us to identify experimental variables that affect different biological processes. Most of the tests available in the literature are based on the assumption of normal distribution. However, the assumption of normality may not be true in real-life data, particularly with respect to microarray data.A test is proposed for the identification of differentially expressed genes in replicated microarray experiments conducted under two different conditions. The proposed test does not assume the distribution of the parent population; thus, the proposed test is strictly nonparametric in nature. We calculate the p-value and the asymptotic power function of the proposed test statistic. The proposed test statistic is compared with some of its competitors under normal, gamma and exponential population setup using the Monte Carlo simulation technique. The application of the proposed test statistic is presented using microarray data. The proposed test is robust and highly efficient when populations are non-normal.     

应用抑制消减杂交和cDNA芯片技术筛选流行性感冒病毒感染相关基因

病毒基因组有限的编码能力和以病毒蛋白为靶的抗病毒药物易出现耐药性,使从病毒感染宿主筛选病毒感染相关生物大分子作为抗病毒药靶和诊断标志物成为新的研究方向。为了筛选流行性感冒（流感）病毒感染相关基因,采用抑制消减杂交（suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)技术,以流感病毒A／鲁防／93－9（H3N2）感染的MDCK细胞及正常MDCK细胞为材料,构建病毒感染特异性差减cDNA文库。从文库中随机挑取约800个克隆,PCR扩增其中插入片段,经纯化、紫外定量后,用基因芯片自动点样仪点在氨基片上,制备cDNA芯片。将流感病毒感染的MDCK细胞和正常MDCK细胞的总RNA分别用Cy3、Cy5反转录荧光标记后,与cDNA芯片杂交,用芯片扫描仪扫描获得芯片杂交信号,经阳性对照校正和归一化处理后,以如下条件作为判定基因差异表达的标准;（a)Cy3与Cy5的信号比值大于1．5（正常细胞用Cy5标记）或小于0．67（正常细胞用Cy3标记）;（b)Cy3和Cy5信号值之一必须大于1000。经cDNA芯片筛选获得了18个流感病毒感染特异性克隆,经测序和生物信息学分析发现均为流感病毒感染相关新基因EST。流感病毒感染相关基因cDNA片段的获得,为新型病毒药靶诊断标志物发现和功能研究提供了基础。     

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes During Anther Abortion of Taigu Genic Male Sterile Wheat by Combining Suppression Subtractive Hybridization and cDNA Array

Talgu Genlc Male Sterile Wheat （TGMSW; Trltlcum aestlvum L.）, a dominant genic male sterile germplasm, is of considerable value in the genetic Improvement of wheat because of Its stable Inherence, complete male abortion, and high cross-fertilization rate. To Identify specially transcribed genes In sterile anther, a suppression subtractlve hybridization （aSH） library was constructed with sterile anther as the tester and fertile anther as the driver. A total of 2 304 SSH Inserts amplified by polymerase chain reaction were arrayed using robotic printing. The cDNA arrays were hybridized with 32P-labeled probes prepared from the RNA of forward- and reverse-subtracted anthers. Ninety-six clones were scored as upregulated in sterile anthers compared with the corresponding fertile anthers and some clones were selected for sequencing and analysis In GenBank. Based on their putative functions, 87 non-redundant clones were classified Into the following groups： （i） eight genes Involved In metabolic processes; （11） four material transportation genes; （iii） three signal transductlon-assoclated genes; （iv） four stress response and senescence-associated protein genes; （v） seven other functional protein genes; （vi） five genes with no known function; and （vii） another 56 genes with no match to the databases. To test the hybridization efficiency, eight genes were selected and analyzed by Northern blot. The results of the present study provide a comprehensive overview of the genes and gene products Involved In anther abortion In TGMSW.     

cDNA芯片差异表达基因检测的非转换方法

cDNA微阵列数据中包含许多变异因素,用于检测差异表达基因和其它统计分析前,必须将这些“噪音”剔除。对数比法（背景校正、对数比转换和数据标准化）已经被广泛应用于cDNA微阵列数据分析中,然而这种方法却存在着一些亟待解决的缺陷。对此,该文提出一种非转换方法,它可免去对数比的转化过程,直接在背景校正后进行数据标准化,可以有效剔除实验“噪音”。研究结果表明：在检测差异表达基因的效率方面,非转换方法比常规的对数比法具有更好的稳健性和更高的检测功效,基因检出率和准确性大大提高。     

A Non-transformation Method for Identifying Differentially Expressed Genes from cDNA Microarrays

cDNA microarray data are subject to many sources of variation that have to be removed before statistical tests can be applied for identifying genes that are expressed differentially. Background correction, log-ratio transformation, and normalization, referred as the log-ratio approach, have been widely used for this purpose. However, there are some problems associated with this procedure. In this study, we proposed an alternative approach that obviates the log-ratio transformation step and goes directly to normalization after background correction. The method can estimate the “noise” effect by utilizing the information more effectively. Simulation studies were carried out to compare the feasibility and efficiency of this approach for detecting the specifically and differentially expressed genes under various conditions with the log-ratio approach. The results showed that our approach worked well and was more robust and powerful than the log-ratio approach.