中国棉铃虫核型多角体病毒VHA 273毒株多角体蛋白质某些理化特性的研究

从VHA273病毒感染中国棉铃虫的典型病虫尸抽提纯化多角体。经碱解释放的多角体蛋白,用超速离心,Sepharose 6B柱层析纯化,多种方法鉴定其纯度。SDS-PAGE测出多角体蛋白亚基分子量MW=28,000±500d。等电聚焦电泳测出7条电泳带,其主带p15.78±0.02,次带p15.3S-6.25。氨基酸组成分析表明富含酸性氨基酸。Niles兰染脂蛋白、甲苯胺兰染糖蛋白结果均呈阳性。     

人γ－精浆蛋白的亲和纯化及其糖基化分析

目的:从人精液中提纯γ-精浆蛋白并对其生物学特性进行鉴定。 方法:应用饱和硫酸铵法从小鼠腹水中纯化出抗γ-精浆蛋白的单克隆抗体E4B7,将其共价交联到CNBr-Sepharose4B上,制备成免疫亲和层析柱,用该层析柱亲和纯化经饱和硫酸铵粗提的精液标本。纯化产物分别用SDS-PAGE、Western-blot及ELISA进行生物学特性鉴定,最后经PNGase F、Endo-H酶消化后进行糖基化分析。结果:SDS-PAGE电泳表明纯化蛋白的相对分子量约为44KD,Western-blot及ELISA鉴定显示该蛋白可与抗γ-精浆蛋白的单抗E4B7特异性结合。对纯化蛋白无论是单用Endo-H酶消化,还是同时用Endo-H酶和PNGase F酶共同消化,消化产物电泳后相对分子量均降低到34KD左右,而单独用PNGase F酶消化后相对分子量没有改变。Western-blot及ELISA鉴定显示糖苷酶处理后的纯化蛋白仍可与单抗E4B7特异性结合。结论:成功纯化出N-糖基化形式的γ-精浆蛋白,这为下一步筛选人源化抗体奠定了纯的抗原基础。     

鸡α干扰素基因的克隆与表达

通过对鸡α干扰素基因的克隆,获取一定纯度的干扰素蛋白.从NCBI上搜索出鸡α干扰素基因的序列,根据其成熟蛋白编码序列设计引物,通过PCR从家鸡肝脏基因组中扩增出成熟鸡α干扰素的编码基因,利用基因重组技术构建出pUcm-T/IFN-α,再亚克隆至载体质粒pET-43.1a( ),构建出pET-43.1a( )/IFN-α重组质粒,经酶切鉴定、DNA测序,证明重组质粒构建正确.将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)进行发酵,IPTG诱导表达后进行纯化及SDS-PAGE分析.工程菌诱导表达后的电泳图谱在相对分子量约19kDa的位置出现明显目的条带,约占菌体总蛋白的30%,表达产物主要以包涵体形式存在,经过NI2 -NTA亲和层析纯化,SDS-PAGE电泳后经凝胶扫描纯度达95%以上.获得了纯度较高的目的蛋白,为下一步对鸡α干扰素进行复性及活性研究奠定了基础.     

二化螟钙黏蛋白CAD1的原核表达及与Cry1Ac、Cry2Aa蛋白的结合

【目的】二化螟是水稻的重要害虫之一,钙黏蛋白(cadherin,CAD)是一类重要的Bt杀虫蛋白受体,在获得二化螟钙黏蛋白基因(Cs CAD1)的基础上,明确Cs CAD1蛋白与Cry1Ac和Cry2Aa蛋白的结合能力。【方法】利用PCR技术克隆Cs CAD1基因片段,将构建的p ET-28a-(+)-Cs CAD1重组质粒转入原核表达菌株BL21(DE3)中,IPTG诱导表达。目的蛋白经Ni柱亲和纯化后SDS-PAGE电泳检测,利用western blot和ligand blot技术分析其与Cry1Ac和Cry2Aa蛋白的结合能力。【结果】重组载体可在表达菌株BL21中表达一个约44 ku的蛋白,原核表达载体构建成功。SDS-PAGE显示该蛋白条带单一,且纯度较好。Ni柱亲和层析纯化该目的蛋白后进行Ligand blot分析,结果显示Cs CAD1重组蛋白可以与Cry1Ac和Cry2Aa蛋白结合。【结论】Cs CAD1蛋白可以与Cry1Ac和Cry2Aa蛋白结合,是潜在的Cry蛋白受体,所得结果有助于阐明Cry1Ac和Cry2Aa蛋白对二化螟的作用机制。     

家蚕蚕蛹过敏原CPH30的表达、纯化、免疫学鉴定及B细胞抗原表位预测

【目的】克隆、表达纯化出家蚕Bombyx mori蚕蛹过敏原蛋白CPH30(cuticular protein hypothetical 30 precursor),并对其进行免疫学鉴定及B细胞抗原表位预测。【方法】通过蛋白组学方法分析CPH30蛋白的潜在过敏原性,人工化学合成该蛋白基因,将基因连接到p ET-28a载体上,重组质粒转化至大肠杆菌Escherichia coli BL21,IPTG诱导基因表达。通过镍亲和层析获取高纯度蛋白,用Western blot方法对蛋白进行免疫学鉴定。通过DNAStar软件分析其潜在的B细胞表位。【结果】成功构建出CPH30基因的表达载体;表达纯化出CPH30蛋白,SDS-PAGE电泳结果显示分子量为25 k Da左右;Western blot结果显示,CPH30蛋白与家蚕过敏患者血清具有Ig E结合性,证明CPH30具有免疫原性;利用DNAStar软件成功分析出氨基酸序列第57-69和150-158位为潜在的B细胞表位。【结论】成功克隆表达出CPH30蛋白,并成功鉴定出其免疫原性,为家蚕蚕蛹过敏反应性疾病的特异性诊断和疫苗治疗奠定理论基础。     

固氮红细菌(Rhodobacter azotoforman)色素蛋白复合体的分离纯化与特性

【目的】为揭示不产氧光合细菌产氢菌株色素蛋白复合体(PPC)色素组成和含量与光合放氢的关系奠定基础。【方法】以PPC特征光谱为检测指标,采用硫酸铵分级分离、DEAE-纤维素层析、吸收光谱和SDS-PAGE等方法进行了固氮红细菌(Rhodobacter azotoformans,R.azotoformans)R7产氢菌株PPC的分离纯化、纯度分析和鉴定;采用表面增强激光解吸电离离子飞行时间质谱、HPLC-MS和荧光光谱法对其中一种PPC进行了组成分析和能量传递活性测定。【结果】从R7菌株获得了3种纯化的PPC,1种为反应中心与中心捕光色素蛋白复合体(RC-LH1),2种为外周捕光色素蛋白复合体(LH2),其中一种LH2的吸收光谱具有异常的423nm强吸收峰,其蛋白的两种亚基的分子量分别为5356.8Da和5697.8Da,类胡萝卜素属球形烯系,分子量为562Da,激发光能够从类胡萝卜素向细菌叶绿素以及细菌叶绿素向细菌叶绿素传递。【结论】固氮红细菌产氢菌株含有2种不同光谱特性的LH2,其中一种具有新光谱特性。     

河蚌C-反应蛋白的分离纯化及其性质研究

用合成的CDPC-Sepharose-6B亲和层析吸附剂一步提纯河蚌C-反应蛋白(CRP)。纯化的CRP在SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和等电聚焦电泳鉴定时均显示为一条区带。其等电点(pI)为5.2,分子量约为310,000道尔顿,由六个亚基组成,亚基分子量约为51,000道尔顿。在280nm处的消光系数E_(1cm)~(1mg)/ml=1.2。河蚌CRP与C_多糖(CPS)发生的沉淀反应是钙依赖性的。本文对河蚌CRP的氨基酸组成及其它性质也作了研究。     

应用A蛋白亲和层析法纯化单克隆抗体

应用Protein A亲和层析法,从采集的小鼠腹水中纯化出了抗凝血因子Ⅶ单克隆抗体,用SDS-PAGE和ELISA法分别检测了纯化后单克隆抗体的纯度及效价,结果显示,电泳为两条带,分别为免疫球蛋白G(IgG)的重链和轻链,纯化后的单克隆抗体纯度达到电泳纯,应用间接ELISA法测定腹水效价为1×10-7左右,与未纯化前无差异。结果表明,应用A蛋白亲和层析法能够得到纯度较高的单克隆抗体,适用于高纯度单克隆抗体的制备。     

产胶原酶的蜡样芽胞杆菌发酵条件优化及酶的分离纯化

【目的】优化蜡样芽胞杆菌R75E菌株产胶原酶的条件,并通过蛋白分离纯化技术获得高纯度胶原酶。【方法】利用单因素及正交试验优化蜡样芽胞杆菌R75E产胶原酶的发酵条件及发酵培养基,将发酵液离心除菌后得到粗酶液,对其依次通过硫酸铵分级沉淀、Butyl FF疏水层析及SuperdexTM 200凝胶过滤层析等方法对目标胶原酶进行分离纯化,利用SDS-PAGE电泳检测其纯度。【结果】优化后发酵条件为培养温度41°C、接种量6%、培养时间36 h,优化后发酵培养基为葡萄糖10 g/L、蛋白胨5 g/L、起始p H 7.0,粗酶液酶活力较优化前提高了2.9倍;将该粗酶液经过一系列纯化后得到纯度超过90%的胶原酶产物,其纯化倍数和回收率分别为18.4和1.1%。【结论】获得蜡样芽胞杆菌R75E的最佳产酶条件,并对胶原酶分离纯化的方法进行了探索,为微生物胶原酶的开发应用奠定基础。     

蓝杆藻ATCC51142中琥珀酸半醛脱氢酶的原核表达及生化表征

【背景】蓝藻中生成琥珀酸的三羧酸循环途径与其他物种不同。由于α-酮戊二酸脱羧酶和琥珀酸半醛脱氢酶的存在使得蓝藻的三羧酸循环途径变得完整。琥珀酸半醛脱氢酶催化琥珀酸半醛氧化为琥珀酸,在蓝藻中广泛存在。【目的】克隆、表达和纯化蓝杆藻ATCC51142中cce4228基因编码蛋白,并对其进行生化表征。【方法】以蓝杆藻ATCC51142基因组为模板克隆得到cce4228基因,将其插入到原核表达载体pET-28a上,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)细胞中进行异源表达,利用Ni-NTA树脂纯化cce4228蛋白。运用紫外分光光度法和生物信息学方法表征重组cce4228蛋白生化特性。【结果】构建了pET-28a-cce4228重组表达质粒,重组cce4228蛋白在大肠杆菌中得到可溶性表达,获得了纯度大于90%的cce4228蛋白。酶动力学测试和生物信息学分析结果显示,cce4228蛋白是一个NADP+-依赖型的琥珀酸半醛脱氢酶。【结论】蓝杆藻ATCC51142中cce4228基因编码一个偏好NADP+辅因子的琥珀酸半醛脱氢酶,cce4228蛋白的生化表征结果为进一步深入研究cce4228蛋白的结构功能关系及催化机制奠定了基础。     

Cultivation and characterization of the MaMV-DC cyanophage that infects bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

The MaMV-DC cyanophage, which infects the bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, was isolated from Lake Dianchi, Kunming, China. Twenty-one cyanobacterial strains were used to detect the host range of MaMV-DC. Microcystic aeruginosa FACHB-524 and plaque purification were used to isolate individual cyanophages, and culturing MaMV-DC with cyanobacteria allowed us to prepare purified cyanophages for further analysis. Electron microscopy demonstrated that the negatively stained viral particles are tadpole-shaped with an icosahedral head approximately 70 nm in diameter and a contractile tail approximately 160 nm in length. Using one-step growth experiments, the latent period and burst size of MaMV-DC were estimated to be 24–48 hours and approximately 80 infectious units per cell, respectively. Restriction endonuclease digestion and agarose gel electrophoresis were performed using purified MaMV-DC genomic DNA, and the genome size was estimated to be approximately 160 kb. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis revealed four major structural proteins. These results support the growing interest in using freshwater cyanophages to control bloom-forming cyanobacterium.     

Albumin is a major protein component of transverse tubule vesicles isolated from skeletal muscle

Despite multiple procedures used to isolate transverse tubule vesicles from rabbit skeletal muscle, few proteins have been identified and shown to be specific to transverse tubule vesicles. Markers for purified transverse tubules have included high affinity dihydropyridine binding, cholesterol content, Mg2+-ATPase activity, (Na+,K+)-ATPase activity, and [3H] ouabain binding. Despite these markers, few proteins from purified transverse tubules can be unequivocally identified using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). In this report we have biochemically and immunologically identified rabbit albumin as a major component of purified transverse tubule membranes from rabbit skeletal muscle. Albumin composed between 5.1 and 9.8% (n = 4) of the total protein in purified transverse tubules based on scans of SDS-PAGE. Furthermore, albumin and other serum proteins are present in preparations of transverse tubules and triads but not in light sarcoplasmic reticulum. Extraction of triads with low concentrations of saponin or sodium dodecyl sulfate completely removes albumin without removing intrinsic membrane proteins. Our results suggest that albumin and other serum proteins are present in the lumen of preparations of transverse tubules and albumin may be used as a marker for the transverse tubules when analyzed on SDS gels.     

A simple method for obtaining transferrins from human plasma and porcine serum: preparations and properties

A simple method was described for the purification of serum transferrin (Tf) from human plasma and porcine serum with relative high yield and purity. The properties including purity, integrity, immunoreactivity and the receptor-binding ability of the proteins were studied by several assays, comprising spectrometry, SDS-PAGE, HPLC, Western blotting, urea electrophoresis, mass spectrometry and cytometry. Analysis from all the different aspects manifested that the proteins were of high purity. The two kinds of Tfs appeared to be iron-saturated as confirmed by their absorbance spectra and urea-PAGE mobility. The specific spectra of absorption of the two Tfs were both at around 465 nm. The relative molecular weights of human Tf (hTf) and porcine Tf (pTf) were determined by SDS-PAGE and further identified by MAIDI-TOF mass spectrometry with a result of 79,707 and 79,258, respectively. Immunoblotting assay showed that pTf could react with the anti-human Tf monoclonal antibody with a less level compared to hTf. FACS assays of their binding activities to Tf receptor-positive cell (K562 cell line) indicated that pTf could be recognized by the hTf receptor and internalized into cells, with a slightly less efficacy than hTf. All special property studies demonstrated that pTf was similar to hTf in physical and chemical characteristics, which gave a hint that pTf could substitute for hTf in some kinds of researches, such as using hTf as a carrier in drug targeting system.     

Isolation, characterization and immunocytochemical localization of bovine trophoblast protein-1

Bovine trophoblast protein-1 (bTP-1) was isolated to 90% purity from culture medium of Day 18-20 conceptuses incubated in vitro (in the presence of L-[3H]leucine) by a combination of Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration chromatography and O-(diethylaminoethyl) (DEAE) anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (DEAE-HPLC). The radiolabeled protein had an Mr of 21,200 +/- 800 by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and had three isoelectric variants (pI 5.7-6.5) by two-dimensional SDS-PAGE. DEAE-HPLC-enriched bTP-1 cross-reacted with anti-o TP-1 serum on Western blots. A monospecific antiserum against bTP-1 was produced by excising the bTP-1 polypeptide band from preparative SDS-PAGE gels. Antiserum reacted with a single polypeptide with an Mr of 21,200 as determined by Western blotting of SDS-PAGE-separated conceptus medium proteins and by immunoprecipitation from L-[35S]methionine-labeled medium proteins followed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. Bovine trophoblast protein-1 was localized by immunocytochemistry in the cytoplasm of both mono- and binuclear trophectoderm cells of Day 20 bovine conceptuses, indicating that it is a product of the trophoblast.     

等离子体射流灭活液体中铜绿假单胞菌的研究

【目的】测定等离子射流对铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)的灭活效果,探究低温等离子体射流的杀菌机理。【方法】采用平板计数法测定等离子体射流的杀菌效果,荧光显微镜、透射电镜观察等离子体作用后菌体结构的变化,蛋白浓度测定和SDS-PAGE电泳检测菌液上清液中可溶性蛋白的泄漏量。【结果】等离子体射流处理铜绿假单胞菌菌液5 min,杀灭率可达到99.9%以上。透射电镜观察可见细菌菌体结构发生改变,细胞壁、细胞膜损伤破裂,细胞内容物泄露。进一步对处理铜绿假单胞菌上清液中的蛋白质含量变化进行检测,结果显示随着处理时间的增加,上清液中蛋白质含量持续增加,在2 min时达到最大值。【结论】等离子体射流可以通过破坏细胞结构造成细胞质泄露,使其丧失正常的细胞功能,从而达到快速有效地杀灭铜绿假单胞菌的效果。     

A set of non-histone proteins isolated from the nuclei of various rat tissues

A set of non-histone proteins has been identified in the nuclei from liver, brain, spleen and testis tissues of the rat. Following moderate digestion of thoroughly washed nuclei with DNase I or micrococcal nuclease, EDTA was added to 5 mM to the reaction mixture and the preparation centrifuged. We found that the supernatant contained a limited amount of non-histone proteins (fraction S1). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis revealed S1 to be composed of a remarkably simple set of proteins resolved into four groups (A-D) each possessing closely spaced doublets or a triplet. Their molecular weights were A, 76 100-80 000; B, 48 200-49 500; C, 44 500-45 200 and D, 39 500-41 500. The yield suggested that these proteins were structural constituents; however, they did not coincide with the known structural proteins of the cell nucleus. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis further resolved each of the SDS bands into as many as nine spots, according to various charges. Some were labelled with [32P]orthophosphate in vivo, or with [gamma-32P]ATP and purified nuclear protein kinase NII in vitro. The released proteins B-D had fairly constant relative molar ratios at various times of digestion, thereby indicating possible localizations at similar sites in the nucleus. The kinetic data together with the aggregation property at neutral pH values and the solubility in 5 mM EDTA suggest that proteins B-D constitute a group of proteins that have several common characteristics.     

iTRAQ结合2D LC-MS/MS技术在草菇不同生长发育时期蛋白质组分析中的应用

【目的】旨在采用iTRAQ标记结合二维液相色谱串联质谱技术对草菇不同生长发育阶段的差异蛋白质组进行研究。【方法】首先将提取的草菇不同生长阶段蛋白样品进行SDS-PAGE分析,其次将经二维液相色谱串联质谱技术获取的串联质谱数据通过MASCOT软件搜库,之后对鉴定蛋白质数据进行了主成分分析(Principal componentanalysis,PCA)、层次聚类(Hierarchy clustering)分析、K-均值(K-means)聚类和GeneOntology(GO)注释分析。【结果】试验结果显示,共计获得2 335个不同肽段,鉴定到1 039个蛋白质,其中1 030个蛋白质具有定量信息。在子实体阶段中显著上调蛋白质64个,下调蛋白质150个。生物信息学分析表明,iTRAQ标记技术结合二维液相色谱串联质谱可对不同生长发育时期的草菇蛋白样品进行有效地分离和鉴定。【结论】这一研究结果为深入研究草菇乃至其他大型担子菌子实体形成和发育的分子机制提供借鉴。     

Proteomic Analysis of Human Dermal Fibroblast Conditioned Medium (DFCM)

Growth factors and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are involved in wound healing. Human dermal fibroblasts secrete wound-healing mediators in culture medium known as dermal fibroblast conditioned medium (DFCM). However, the composition and concentration of the secreted proteins differ with culture conditions and environmental factors. We cultured human skin fibroblasts in vitro using serum-free keratinocyte-specific media (EpiLife? Medium [KM1] and defined keratinocyte serum-free medium [KM2]) and serum-free fibroblast-specific medium (FM) to obtain DFCM-KM1, DFCM-KM2 and DFCM-FM, respectively. We identified and compared their proteomic profiles using bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA), 1-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D SDS-PAGE), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS) and liquid chromatography MS (LC-MS/MS). DFCM-KM1 and DFCM-KM2 had higher protein concentrations than DFCM-FM but not statistically significant. MALDI-TOF/TOF MS identified the presence of fibronectin, serotransferrin, serpin and serum albumin. LC-MS/MS and bioinformatics analysis identified 59, 46 and 58 secreted proteins in DFCM-KM1, DFCM-KM2 and DFCM-FM, respectively. The most significant biological processes identified in gene ontology were cellular process, metabolic process, growth and biological regulation. STRING® analysis showed that most secretory proteins in the DFCMs were associated with biological processes (e.g. wound healing and ECM organisation), molecular function (e.g. ECM binding) and cellular component (e.g. extracellular space). ELISA confirmed the presence of fibronectin and collagen in the DFCMs. In conclusion, DFCM secretory proteins are involved in cell adhesion, attachment, proliferation and migration, which were demonstrated to have potential wound-healing effects by in vitro and in vivo studies.     

Global landscape of structural proteins of infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus

Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), the type species of the genus Megalocytivirus in the family Iridoviridae, causes severe damage to mandarin fish cultures in China. Little is known about the proteins of ISKNV virions. In this study, a total of 38 ISKNV virion-associated proteins were identified by four different workflows with systematic and comprehensive proteomic approaches. Among the 38 identified proteins, 21 proteins were identified by the gel-based workflows (one-dimensional [1-D] and two-dimensional [2-D] gel electrophoresis). Fifteen proteins were identified by 1-D gel electrophoresis, and 16 proteins were identified by 2-D gel electrophoresis, with 10 proteins identified by both methods. Another 17 proteins were identified only by liquid chromatography (LC)-based workflows (LC-matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization [MALDI] and linear trap quadrupole [LTQ]-Orbitrap). Among these 17 LC-identified proteins, 5 proteins were identified uniquely by the LC-MALDI workflow, whereas another 6 proteins were identified only by the LTQ-Orbitrap workflow. These results underscore the importance of incorporation of multiple approaches in identification of viral proteins. Based on viral genomic sequence, genes encoding these 38 viral proteins were cloned and expressed in vitro. Antibodies were produced against these 38 proteins to confirm the ISKNV structural proteins by Western blotting. Of the newly identified proteins, ORF 056L and ORF 118L were identified and confirmed as two novel viral envelope proteins by Western blotting and immunoelectron microscopy (IEM). The ISKNV proteome reported here is currently the only characterized megalocytivirus proteome. The systematic and comprehensive identification of ISKNV structural proteins and their localizations in this study will facilitate future studies of the ISKNV assembly process and infection mechanism.     

Global comparison of the membrane subproteomes between a multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain and a reference strain

Acinetobacter baumannii causes severe infections in compromised patients. We combined SDS-PAGE, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS and MALDI-TOF) to separate and characterize the proteins of the cell envelope of this bacterium. In total, 135 proteins (inner and outer membrane proteins) were identified. In this analysis, we described the expression by this bacterium of RND-type efflux systems and some potential virulence factors. We then compared the membrane subproteome of a clinical multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolate with that of a reference strain. We found that the MDR strain expressed lower levels of the penicillin-binding-protein 1b, produced a CarO protein having different primary and quaternary structures to that of the reference strain, and expressed OmpW isoforms. We also showed that the clinical strain has a high ability to form biofilms consistent with the accumulation of some outer membrane proteins (OMPs) such as NlpE or CsuD that have already been described as involved in bacterial adhesion. These features may partly explain the MDR emergence of the clinical isolate.