细胞内一种耗能蛋白质降解途径的发现——2004年诺贝尔化学奖工作介绍

2004年诺贝尔化学奖授予Aaron Ciechanover,Avram Hershko和Irwin Rose三位科学家,以表彰他们在上世纪80年代发现了泛素介导的蛋白质降解过程。文章简单介绍了该现象的科学发现历程,并讨论了该科学发现历程给予我们的启示。     

2021 Nobel Prize for mechanosensory transduction

Written by someone who has worked in the mechanobiology field for close to 40 years, this commentary describes some historical background to the recent award of one-half of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine to Ardem Patapoutian for his discovery of the family of mechanosensitive Piezo ion channels, which function as mechanoreceptors feeling the environment in senses such as touch, pain, and proprioception.     

基因相关研究与诺贝尔奖

基因是能够表达和产生基因产物（蛋白质或RNA）的DNA序列。到2003年为止,因为研究基因而获得诺贝尔奖的共有51人,其中获生理学或医学奖44人（占生理学或医学总获奖人数178的24.72%）、化学奖7人（占化学总获奖人数123的5.69 %）。文章从6个方面对此作了评述：果蝇是基因研究的良好材料;DNA双螺旋模型的提出为基因研究提供了坚实基础;基因调控研究阐明了基因的许多功能;遗传学中心法则造就了11位获奖者;基因工程技术使人们有可能改造和利用基因;基因特性的深入研究使人们更加容易理解许多生命现象。Abstract: Gene is a DNA sequence which can be expressed and produces gene products (protein or RNA). By 2003, there are 51 Nobel Prize owners related to gene studies. Among them, 44 persons are in physiology or medicine (account for 24.72% of total 178), 7 persons are in chemistry (account for 5.69% of total 123). The paper reviews them in following 6 aspects: Drosophlie melanogaster is a good material for gene study; the double helix model of DNA structure provides a hard foundation in gene study; the studies on gene regulation illuminate many functions of gene; genetic central dogma researches created 11 Noble Prize laureates; gene engineering technologies make possible to modify and use genes; and the thorough studies of gene characteristic made us easier to understand many life phenomena.     

Nobel Prize: Heroes for a Heroic Age

Portrait of Sir Paul Nurse     

从近年Nobel奖项看生命科学进展

本文分析了近20年（1989～2008）诺贝尔生理学或医学奖以及化学奖中与生命科学有关的奖项资料.从基因表达调控与基因技术、细胞周期与细胞凋亡的分子机制、细胞信号转导的分子机制、泛素介导的蛋白质降解机制以及病原体研究5个方面进行概要归纳.它展示了近20年生命科学的发展历程,供广大科研、教学人员及研究生参考.