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1.
Soils of the urban and suburban area of Belgrade have been hardly studied, especially concerning their concentrations of potentially toxic metals. The present paper is aimed at determining the possible pollution in soils. The total acid soluble concentrations of heavy metals and As in the samples were determined. It was found that they were arranged in the order Zn > Ni > Pb > Cr > Cu > As > Hg > Cd in samples collected in the examined area (the order of the elements is based on their arithmetic mean concentrations). In all the samples collected at 0–10 and 40–50 cm depths from 46 selected sites, the contents of Pb and Zn were lower at the depth 40-50 cm. Using target values given by the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and Environment, it may be concluded that Belgrade soil can, for the most part, be regarded as unpolluted. Traffic seems to be one of the main sources of these metals, but the influence of other factors cannot be excluded. 相似文献
2.
The content, source, and pollution level of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in soils are necessary to assess potential risks to eco-environment and human health, and to target environment-friendly policies. A total of 50 surface soil samples were collected from urban vegetable fields of Jilin City and thirteen OCPs were analyzed. The concentrations were in the ranges of 3.16–48.35 ng·g?1 for Dichloro-Diphenyl-Tricgloroethanes (DDTs, sum of o, p′-DDT, p, p′-DDT, p, p′-DDD, and p, p′-DDE), 4.37–44.77 ng·g?1 for Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs, sum of α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, and δ-HCH), 1.19–13.17 ng·g?1 for Chlordanes (sum of heptachlor, t-chlordane, and c-chlordane), 0.24–2.60 ng·g?1 for aldrin, and nd–3.43 ng·g?1 for dieldrin, respectively. The different compositions indicated that the residues of DDTs and HCHs originated mainly from the historical application, while chlordanes were mostly from recent input. On the basis of soil quality standards of China and the Netherlands, DDTs and chlordanes in this study were categorized as light pollution, and HCHs were classified as no pollution for the majority of soil samples. There are a variety of OCPs residues in urban vegetable soils of Jilin City, but it is still safe and suitable for agricultural production. 相似文献
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《African Journal of Aquatic Science》2013,38(4):413-416
Steelpoort River has been adversely affected by human activities in the catchment. Water and sediment quality of the river was assessed in 2015. The concentrations of some of the metals in water were found to be high and exceeded the guideline values and the concentrations of metals in sediment were found exceeding the guideline values for Cr, Cu and Zn. The high concentrations of Cu and Zn at Site 1 and Site 2 (upstream) could have originated from anthropogenic sources, such as fertilisers and pesticides from discharge of agricultural wastes, whereas the high concentrations of Cr at Site 3, Site 4 (midstream) and Site 5 (downstream) could have originated from the mine waste, and from domestic/ industrial wastes respectively. The principal component analysis results showed two main components: PC-1 with high positive loading of Cu and Mn, and PC-2 with high positive loading of Zn. These findings indicate the presence of pollution. Therefore, control measures should be implemented to reduce river contamination from anthropogenic sources. 相似文献
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Courtney H. Neumeyer Jamie L. Gerlach Kristin M. Ruggiero Joseph A. Covi 《Journal of morphology》2015,276(3):342-360
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I. G. Syasina 《Russian Journal of Marine Biology》2003,29(1):23-30
The content of persistent organochlorine pesticides (DDT and its metabolites, -, - and -isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane, HCH) were studied in the tissues and organs of some fish and molluskan species from the lower reaches of the Tumen River and the contiguous part of Peter the Great Bay (Sivuchya Bay and Zapadnaya Bay of the Furugelm Isl.) and Amursky bay. The highest total content of HCHs (785.60 ng/g of gross mass) was revealed in the digestive gland of the Japanese scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis from Zapadnaya Bay and in the brain and the liver of the starry flounder Platichthys stellatus from the Tumen River (390.80 and 340.29 ng/g of gross mass). The maximum total content of DDT (270.70 ng/g of gross mass) was recorded in the brain of the dark plaice Pleuronectes obscurus from Zapadnaya Bay and in the liver of the far eastern smooth flounder Pleuronectes pinnifasciatus, caught in Amursky Bay to the west of Skrebtsov Isl. (212.80 ng/g of gross mass). The level of HCHs and DDT in mollusks and flounders from Zapadnaya Bay was higher than that in the same species from Sivuchya Bay. The concentration of organochlorine pesticides (OCP) in P. pinnifasciatus from the inner part of Amursky Bay at Skrebtsov Isl. was higher than in individuals of that species from the open part of the Bay at Peschany Pen. The DDT/DDE and DDT/DDT ratios evidenced the recent entry of DDT into the ecosystem of Peter the Great Bay. The southwest part of Peter the Great Bay, from the mouth of the Tumen River up to Furugelm Isl, was contaminated by HCHs to a greater extent than Amursky Bay. OCPs accumulated in appreciable quantities in the organs of fishes and mollusks of Peter the Great Bay, though their present content does not exceed sanitary–hygienic standards, a subsequent monitoring of their concentrations in biota is necessary. 相似文献
6.
V. Pettigrove 《Hydrobiologia》1989,179(2):111-117
A high incidence of ligula (mouthpart) deformities is reported for the larvae of Procladius paludicola Skuse (Diptera: Chironomidae) collected from sites on the Murray and Darling Rivers, Australia. This is the first report of deformities in Australian freshwater insects, and is discussed in relation to known toxic pollutants within the catchment. 相似文献
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Claudia Barelli Valentina Oberosler Nathalie Cavada Arafat S. Mtui Steven Shinyambala Francesco Rovero 《Biotropica》2023,55(3):617-627
Anthropogenic activities driving tropical forests' loss imperil global biodiversity and provision of ecosystem services. In this context, systematic monitoring programs evaluating wildlife trends are essential. Non-human primates are relevant conservation targets since they represent vital components of tropical forests by serving as pollinators and seed dispersers. Here, we present primate group counts data collected over 19 years in a primate hotspot in Tanzania. We analyzed data with a hierarchical dynamic model accounting for imperfect detection that estimates local group abundance and temporal rates of change, to assess whether habitat protection explained trends of the arboreal and diurnal Peters' Angola colobus (Colobus angolensis palliatus), Udzungwa red colobus (Piliocolobus gordonorum), and Tanzania Sykes' monkey (Cercopithecus mitis subsp. moloneyi). We targeted populations occurring in two forest blocks with contrasting protection regimes, with one block impacted by targeted poaching of the two Colobus species. We found that these latter species were much less abundant in the more human impacted forest, underwent a rapid decline, and subsequently remained at low abundance and without signs of recovery once this forest was granted greater protection. Instead, Sykes' abundance did not differ between forests, and improved protection was associated with a slight increase in abundance. Age class composition for social groups of both Colobus species differed between forests, indicating altered births and survivorship rates in the impacted forest. Results suggest that targeted hunting can prevent recovery for several years and even after increased habitat protection. Our approach appears valuable to monitor population dynamics over the long term, highlighting species-specific variations in both vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbance and recovery patterns in primate populations. 相似文献
8.
B. M. Mercado-Borrayo Silke Cram Heydrich Irma Rosas Pérez Manuel Hernández Quiroz 《International journal of phytoremediation》2015,17(7):701-708
A natural wetland in Mexico City Metropolitan Area is one of the main suppliers of crops and flowers, and in consequence its canals hold a high concentration of organochlorine (OC) and organophosphorus (OP) pesticides. There is also an extensive population of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), which is considered a plague; but literature suggests water hyacinth may be used as a phytoremediator. This study demonstrates bioaccumulation difference for the OC in vivo suggesting their bioaccumulation is ruled by their log Kow, while all the OP showed bioaccumulation regardless of their log Kow. The higher bioaccumulation factors (BAF) of the accumulated OC pesticides cannot be explained by their log Kow, suggesting that the OC pesticides may also be transported passively into the plant. Translocation ratios showed that water hyacinth is an accumulating plant with phytoremediation potential for all organophosphorus pesticides studied and some organochlorine pesticides. An equation for free water surface wetlands with floating macrophytes, commonly used for the construction of water-cleaning wetlands, showed removal of the pesticides by the wetland with room for improvement with appropriate management. 相似文献
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The large human populations in cities are an important source of demand for wildlife pets, including primates, and not much is known about the primate species involved in terms of their general origin, the length of time they are kept as pets, and some of the maintenance problems encountered with their use as pets. We report the results of a survey conducted in Mexico City among primate pet owners, which was aimed at providing some of the above information. We used an ethnographic approach, and pet owners were treated as informants to gain their trust so that we could enter their homes and learn about the life of their primate pets. We surveyed 179 owners of primate pets, which included 12 primate species. Of these, three were native species (Ateles geoffroyi, Alouatta pigra, and A. palliata). The rest were other neotropical primate species not native to Mexico, and some paleotropical species. Spider monkeys and two species of howler monkeys native to Mexico accounted for 67% and 15%, respectively, of the primate cases investigated. The most expensive primate pets were those imported from abroad, while the least expensive were the Mexican species. About 45% of the native primate pets were obtained by their owners in a large market in Mexico City, and the rest were obtained in southern Mexico. Although they can provide companionship for children and adults, primate pets are subject to a number of hazards, some of which put their lives at risk. The demand by city dwellers for primate pets, along with habitat destruction and fragmentation, exerts a significant pressure on wild populations in southern Mexico. 相似文献
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Wattasit Siriwong Kumthorn Thirakhupt Duangkhae Sitticharoenchai Marija Borjan Sarun Keithmaleesatti Joanna Burger 《人类与生态风险评估》2009,15(3):636-646
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) used in agriculture and for public health purposes were banned in Thailand over the past decade; however, their persistent residues have been found in several agricultural areas of the country. This may result in adverse effects to human populations. This study investigated the concentration of organochlorine pesticides residues (OCPRs) in surface water and evaluated the potential cancer risk associated with dermal contact of the local fisherman fishing in the Khlong 7 canal, Rangsit agricultural area, central Thailand. Water samples were extracted using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and then analyzed by gas chromatography with microelectron capture detector (μ -ECD). The results show that low concentrations of OCPRs were detected in parts per billion (ppb or ng/ml) levels, that is, ∑ Endosulfan (α -, β -, and -sulfate) 0.082 ng/ml > DDT and derivatives 0.019 ng/ml > ∑ HCH (α -, γ -, β -, and δ -HCH) 0.014 ng/ml > aldrin and dieldrin 0.007 ng/ml > heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide 0.0068 ng/ml > endrin and endrin aldehyde 0.005 ng/ml > methoxychlor 0.001 ng/ml, respectively. Using the worst-case scenario defined as the reasonable maximum exposure (RME) to assess the potential cancer risk, five OCPs (dieldrin, 4,4′ -DDT, β -HCH, heptachlor, and heptachlor epoxide) may pose a risk of concern on a lifetime human carcinogenesis greater than one in a million. 相似文献
13.
W. Siriwong K. Thirakhupt D. Sitticharoenchai J. Rohitrattana P. Thongkongowm M. Borjan 《人类与生态风险评估》2008,14(5):1086-1097
Food consumption is one of the main routes of human exposure to organochlorine pesticide residues (OCPRs). To assess the potential health risks associated with OCPRs contaminants due to freshwater organism consumption, a number of vegetables, prawn, snail, and fish were collected from Khlong 7 (canal), Rangsit agricultural area, Pathum-Thani Province, Thailand. The samples were extracted using a multiresidue extraction method and then analyzed by gas chromatography with microelectron capture detector (μ -ECD). The results show that low concentrations of OCPRs were detected in parts per billion (ppb) levels. Based on a plausible worst-case scenario, the local population could be at risk for cancer due to consumption of fish contaminated by α -, β -HCH, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin, DDD, DDE, and DDT. Likewise, individuals may be at risk from consumption of Lanchester's freshwater prawn Macrobrachium lanchesteri, freshwater snail Filopaludina mertensi, swamp morning-glory Ipomomea aquatica, neptunia Neptunia oleracea, and water lily Nymphaea lotus because these species all contained elevated concentrations of α -, β -HCH, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, and dieldrin. 相似文献
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巢湖表层水体中有机氯农药的分布及其组成 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
以固相萃取-气相色谱法/电子捕获检测器(SPE-GC/ECD)作为检测手段,对巢湖表层水体中有机氯农药(OCPs)的分布及组成特征进行分析.结果表明:研究区13个采样点中共检出包括六六六(HCHs)、滴滴涕(DDTs)、β-硫丹(β-Endosulfan)、艾氏剂(Aldrin)、六氯苯(hexachlorobenzene)和七氯(Heptachlor)在内的16种有机氯农药,其总含量范围为0.54~64.01ng.L-1;16种有机氯农药中以HCHs和DDTs为主,其平均质量浓度分别为5.56ng.L-1和16.57ng.L-1,约占其总量的84.75%;研究区的有机氯农药污染除了主要源于历史上农田中有机氯农药的残留外,近期可能还有新的农药污染源进入水环境;研究区所检出的各类有机氯农药均未超过国家地表水环境质量标准,巢湖表层水体中有机氯农药含量及潜在风险均属于中等偏低水平. 相似文献
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The application of surfactant Tween 80 was investigated to accelerate the anaerobic degradation of HCHs (α-, β-, γ- and δ-hexachlorocyclohexane) and DDX (p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDD) in aged soil from a former organochlorine pesticide manufacturing plant under saturated condition with low liquid/solid ratio (liquid/solid ratio = 0.50). The surfactant Tween 80 did not facilitate the degradation of HCHs and DDX in the soil used in this experiment. Subsequent desorption experiment results also showed that the surfactant Tween 80 did not increase the pollutant desorption from the soil. The results in this study are not in accordance with the results reported in previous literature. This difference might be due to the fact that the soils used in this experiment were polluted by HCHs and DDX for more than 20 years, and soil aging reduced the desorption of HCHs and DDX in soil. Furthermore, the surfactants might be adsorbed by soils in low liquid/solid ratio condition. 相似文献
17.
Maraya Lincoln Silva;Mayara Grego Caiaffa;André Luiz Mota da Costa;Eduardo Ferreira-Machado;Ticiana Brasil Ervedosa;Pedro Enrique Navas-Suárez;Juliana Mariotti Guerra;Flora Nogueira Matos;Cássia Regina Ramos Gonzaga;Natália Coelho Couto de Azevedo Fernandes;Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira; 《Journal of medical primatology》2024,53(1):e12685
18.
Phuntsho Thinley Rajanathan Rajaratnam Matthew Tighe Karl Vernes Tshewang Norbu Rinchen Dorji Sangay Tenzin 《American journal of primatology》2019,81(6)
Despite the golden langur's (Trachypithecus geei) endangered and totally protected status, local awareness and attitude toward this species is poorly understood. We investigated local awareness and attitude in Bhutan by interviewing 1,143 households in the districts of Dagana, Sarpang, Trongsa, Tsirang, and Zhemgang, and analyzing data through a conditional inference tree analysis. Most respondents were not aware of the golden langur's nationally protected (53%; n = 604) and globally endangered status (64%; n = 730), but their location of residence (inside/outside a protected area; p < .001) and education level (p < .001) significantly influenced awareness. The majority of respondents (87%; n = 999) liked the golden langur but the attitude was significantly influenced primarily by whether or not they experienced crop damage by golden langurs (p < .001), and subsequently by location of residence (p < .001), local belief (p < .01), gender (p < .05), and personal encounter with a golden langur (p < .001). Socioeconomic variables like age, education level, and annual income did not influence attitude. We recommend environmental education and awareness campaigns outside protected areas, and intensifying existing programs inside protected areas to forge harmonious human‐golden langur coexistence. 相似文献
19.
This project tested whether, and how, man-made changes in the environment would affect the boundary between parapatric-related taxa of Laudakia ( Reptilia: Agamidae ), whose distributions meet at a boundary between ecological regions. Israel is ecologically diverse with a mesic (Mediterranean) north and an arid (Saharo-Arabian) south. The lizard hardun Laudakia stellio is represented in Israel mainly by two subspecies: the Mediterranean Lau . s . ssp. and the desert Lau. s. brachydactyla . These are conventionally distinguished by the key character, number of subdigital lamellae under the fourth toe, visible in museum specimens examined for the purpose. The results revealed that during 1935–1978, the boundary between the two subspecies had shifted 15 km southwards. This is interpreted as resulting from the documented southwards spread of irrigated agriculture. During this time, the average subdigital count of each subspecies near the inter-taxa boundary shifted slightly towards the average of the other subspecies. In each subspecies, in this area, at the same time, the coefficient of variation of the subdigital count increased. The last two processes are interpreted as reflecting reciprocal migration, enhanced by the documented expanded road system and intensified human transportation. Hence, in this case, anthropogenic developments have changed both the location and the genetic structure of the boundary between two parapatric taxa. 相似文献
20.
Primatology as a discrete branch of science involving the study of primate behavior and ecology took off in the 1960s after discovery of the importance of primates as models for biomedical research and the realization that primates provide insights into the evolutionary history of humans. Osman Hill's unfortunately incomplete monograph series on the comparative anatomy and taxonomy of the primates1 and the Napiers' 1967 A Handbook of Living Primates2 recorded the world's view of primate diversity at this time. This taxonomy remained the baseline for nearly three decades, with the diversity of each genus being represented by some species, but extensively as subspecies. 相似文献