规律短音中极短间隔短音诱发的失匹配负电位

失匹配负电位是听觉事件相关电位的一个成分,它由一系列重复的,同性质的“标准刺激”的物理性质稍有偏离的“偏差刺激”所诱发,在规律性的标准刺激中,偶然的物理性质稍有偏离的刺激,如频率,强度,久度等的些微变化均可诱发ＭＭＮ。偶然地给于时间上“过早出现”的同样刺激,即频率,强度,久度完全相同,只是在规律性的标准刺激中过早地出现的刺激,作为偏差刺激,也可以诱发出ＮＮＭ。本研究在恒定刺激间隔ＩＳＩ＝６００ｍｓ     

Neurophysiological Age Differences During Task-Performance in a Stereoscopic Virtual Environment

In today’s society, there is an increasing number of workplaces in virtual environments (VE). But, there are only a few reports dealing with occupational health issues or age effects. The question arises how VR generally interferes with cognitive processes. This interference might have relevant implications for workability and work-efficiency in virtual environments. Event-related potentials are known to reflect different stages of stimulus reception, evaluation, and response. We have established an electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring, focussing on event-related potentials (N100; mismatch negativity, i.e., MMN) to obtain access to attention dependent and pre-attentive processing of sensory stimuli applied in VE. The MMN is known to be correlated with the ability of subjects to react to an unexpected event. The aim of the present study was to investigate cognitive responses to distracting auditory stimuli in two different age groups in a virtual environment (VE) and in a real environment (“real reality”), and to compare characteristic neurophysiological response patterns. Data show that stimulus detection as given by the N100 amplitude and latency does not differ in both age groups and task conditions. In contrast, the pre-attentive processing as given by the MMN is altered in the VR such as the non-VR condition in an age-related manner. A relevant finding of the present study was that the age related differences seen in the non-VR condition were not strengthened in VR.     

人脑运动前准备电位（BP）的两种成分

人脑运动前准备电位起始时间之长令研究者费解。本文比较了受指令食指屈曲运动和自我起始食指屈曲运动的ＢＰ。结果显示,ＢＰ在受到指令之前已经开始。显然,指令前那一部分ＢＰ即ＢＰ早期部分与运动无关。本文进一步研究了下意识眨运动,指令眨眼运动和自我起始眨眼运动。发现下意识眨眼运动时,ＢＰ起始时无早期成分,明显较另外两种眨眼运动的ＢＰ为短,表明ＢＰ的早期成分是由于在后两种有意识活动参与的眨眼运动中,心理活动产     

老龄化对内源性注意的影响研究

目的:观察老年人和年轻人的内源性注意行为学及事件相关电位(ERP)表现,探讨老龄化对内源性注意的影响及其机制。方法:参考Posner的经典的\"cue-target\"范式设计内源性注意任务,分别记录和分析年轻人和老年人行为学和事件相关电位波形P1、N1,比较老年人和年轻人在内源性注意任务中的不同表现。结果:在内源性注意条件下,年轻人的反应时明显短于老年人(P0.05),对于N1成分的波幅,年龄主效应显著(P0.05),年轻人较老年人诱发更大的N1波幅。对于N1成分的潜伏期,年龄主效应显著(P0.05),年轻人潜伏期明显短于老年人。结论:老龄化对内源性注意的早期阶段有影响,在提高老年人注意力时应当对注意的不同类型进行评估和分类以采取合适的治疗策略。     

产后与非产后抑郁症患者事件相关电位P300的对比研究

目的:探讨产后抑郁症与非产后抑郁症患者事件相关电位P300的差异,为产后抑郁症的预防提供参考指标。方法:选择2011年1月~2012年10月解放军第三医院精神科收治的35例产后抑郁症患者(产后组)和36例非产后抑郁症患者(非产后组)为研究对象,并检测其事件相关电位P300,并与36名健康志愿者(对照组)的结果进行比较。结果:(1)与对照组相比,产后组、非产后组P2、N2、P3潜伏期均显著延迟,P2、N2、P3波幅均明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)与产后组相比,非产后组P2、N2、P3潜伏期差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。P2、N2波幅均偏高,差异均有统计学意义(P2[(5.0±2.1)ms vs.(3.9±1.8)μV],N2[(3.2±1.7)μV vs.(2.1±1.0)μV],P0.05),P3波幅差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:产后与非产后抑郁症患者认知功能均受损,非产后抑郁患者受损程度大于产后抑郁患者;产后抑郁的外界感知能力和早期注意受损程度大于非产后抑郁患者。     

Discourse on the development of EEG diagnostics and biofeedback for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders

This article presents a review of work that my colleagues and I have been doing during the past 15 years developing a rationale for the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and treatment of ADHD employing EEG biofeedback techniques. The article first briefly reviews the history of research and theory for understanding ADHD and then deals with the development of EEG and event-related potential (ERP) assessment paradigms and treatment protocols for this disorder, including our work and that of others who have replicated our results. Illustrative material from our current research and child case studies is included. Suggestions for future experimental and clinical work in this area are presented and theoretical issues involving the understanding of the neurophysiological and neurological basis of ADHD are discussed.Over the years, many people have been involved both in my laboratory and at Southeastern Biofeedback Institute working with me in developing this area; I wish to acknowledge some of them. They are specifically Dr. Margaret Shouse and Dr. Chris Mann, who have been involved in the initial and recent stages of my research; Ms. Jennifer Samples, who has worked with us in the Institute for many years and has helped us in training many of the children that have benefited from EEG biofeedback. I would especially wish to acknowledge the skill and dedication of Judith O. Lubar, of Southeastern Biofeedback Institute, who has worked with me clinically in terms of developing treatment protocols for ADHD biofeedback and who has trained many of the children who have successfully completed EEG Biofeedback. I would like to acknowledge the generous help of the Lexicor Corporation of Boulder, Colorado who have provided support and instrumentation for recent studies in this area. Mr. Rod Bunn and Mr. Robert Muenchen, who have provided computer support, programming, and statistical assistance in evaluating data in various studies, are gratefully acknowledged. Some of this research was supported by a grant under the ESEA Title IV-C Program for the handicapped. I also gratefully acknowledge Children's Hospital of Knoxville, TN, who have provided essential contract support for our laboratory at the University of Tennessee.     

正常青少年记忆作业工效与事件相关电位的研究

本研究以259名(男女大约各半)正常青少年为被试者,按年龄分成4组(9.8±0.7、12.0±0.7、14.1±0.8、17.1±0.8岁),测试了4种视觉记忆性作业工效。根据信号检测理论,对各组的正确反应(H)、正确否定(CR)、漏报(0M)、虚报(FA)、觉察力(A)及反应时(RT)等工效指标进行分析,并对H、CR、OM、FA4种情况下的脑电进行了累加、滤波、平滑及压缩处理,求出事件相关电位(ERPs)成分(N100、P200、N200、P300)的波幅和潜时。结果表明,在相同作业条件下,随年龄增长记忆工效(H、A)提高;RT缩短;P300潜时缩短。在同一组中,随记忆搜索负荷加大,工效(H、A)明显下降;RT延长;P300潜时延长。将上述各组工效与P300的基础数据综合分析,能有效地评价脑功能,适用于临床及工效学研究。